{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:57:49Z","timestamp":1792677469361,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","jccjournal.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T04:47:26Z","timestamp":1493182046000},"page":"124-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence and clinical significance of early high Endotoxin Activity in septic shock: An observational study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1579-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Bottiroli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianpaola","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Pinciroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Vecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Terzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ortisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Casella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1391","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signalling","volume":"4","author":"Akira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/09680519050110011101","article-title":"Evolution and integration of innate immune recognition systems: the toll-like receptors","volume":"11","author":"Takeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endotoxin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.5.874","article-title":"Effects of slow intravenous endotoxin infusion on hemodynamics and survival in dogs","volume":"22","author":"Emerson","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908033210503","article-title":"The cardiovascular response of normal humans to the administration of endotoxin","volume":"321","author":"Suffredini","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-199410000-00001","article-title":"Induction of proinflammatory responses in human monocytes by particulate and soluble forms of lipopolysaccharide","volume":"2","author":"Leeson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(98)00003-9","article-title":"A rapid assay of endotoxin in whole blood using autologous neutrophil dependent chemiluminescence","volume":"212","author":"Romaschin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1086\/422254","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic implications of endotoxemia in critical illness: results of the MEDIC study","volume":"190","author":"Marshall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R148","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11462","article-title":"Endotoxemia and mortality prediction in ICU and other settings: underlying risk and co-detection of gram negative bacteremia are confounders","volume":"16","author":"Hurley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.169","article-title":"Endotoxemia in human septic shock","volume":"99","author":"Danner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0050","series-title":"Crit. care med","first-page":"1250","article-title":"SCCM\/ESICM\/ACCP\/ATS\/SIS international sepsis definitions conference","volume":"2003","author":"Levy","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)01751-9","article-title":"Usefulness of corticosteroid therapy in decreasing epinephrine requirements in critically ill infants with congenital heart disease","volume":"88","author":"Shore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.8.2226","article-title":"Postoperative course and hemodynamic profile after the arterial switch operation in neonates and infants. A comparison of low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest","volume":"92","author":"Wernovsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000146133.52982.17","article-title":"The effect of a thyroid hormone infusion on vasopressor support in critically ill children with cessation of neurologic function","volume":"32","author":"Zuppa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0070","first-page":"229","article-title":"Hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fibers reduced the number of CD16+ CD14+ monocytes in patients with septic shock","volume":"10","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Endotoxin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0075","first-page":"521","article-title":"Effect of empiric antibiotic treatment on plasma Endotoxin Activity in septic patients","volume":"42","author":"Mignon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328031US0204_01","article-title":"Determination and interpretation of the optimal operating point for ROC curves derived through generalized linear models","volume":"2","author":"Gallop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Underst Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0085","first-page":"186","article-title":"Clottable protein in Limulus; its localization and kinetics of its coagulation by endotoxin","volume":"19","author":"Levin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Thromb Diath Haemorrh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0090","first-page":"153","article-title":"Optimization of detection of bacterial endotoxin in plasma with the Limulus test","volume":"116","author":"Roth","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/cc1522","article-title":"Measurement of Endotoxin Activity in critically ill patients using whole blood neutrophil dependent chemiluminescence","volume":"6","author":"Marshall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425913516885","article-title":"Usefulness of the Endotoxin Activity Assay as a biomarker to assess the severity of endotoxemia in critically ill patients","volume":"20","author":"Ikeda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Innate Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R88","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11350","article-title":"Combining intermediate levels of the Endotoxin Activity Assay (EAA) with other biomarkers in the assessment of patients with sepsis: results of an observational study","volume":"16","author":"Yaguchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199309000-00011","article-title":"Translocation. Incidental phenomenon or true pathology?","volume":"218","author":"Munster","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129996","article-title":"Burn injury alters the intestinal microbiome and increases gut permeability and bacterial translocation","volume":"10","author":"Earley","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2013.02.005","article-title":"Endotoxin Activity levels as a prediction tool for risk of deterioration in patients with sepsis not admitted to the intensive care unit: a pilot observational study","volume":"28","author":"Biagioni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1086\/315093","article-title":"Relationship between plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"180","author":"Opal","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1959.196.5.1127","article-title":"Effect of endotoxin on renal function in the dog","volume":"196","author":"Hinshaw","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1989.232","article-title":"Renal function and glomerular hemodynamics in male endotoxemic rats","volume":"36","author":"Lugon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-218","article-title":"The EUPHRATES trial (evaluating the use of Polymyxin B Hemoperfusion in a randomized controlled trial of adults treated for Endotoxemia and septic shock): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Klein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.08.032","article-title":"Association between cytokine removal by polymyxin B hemoperfusion and improved pulmonary oxygenation in patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"61","author":"Oishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-008-0395-2","article-title":"Direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin-B-immobilized fiber columns improves septic hypotension and reduces inflammatory mediators in septic patients with colorectal perforation","volume":"394","author":"Shimizu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70220-6","article-title":"Endotoxin removal devices for the treatment of sepsis and septic shock","volume":"11","author":"Davies","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/shk.0b013e31805363c6","article-title":"Daily variation in endotoxin levels is associated with increased organ failure in critically ill patients","volume":"28","author":"Klein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Shock"}],"container-title":["Journal of Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883944117302186?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883944117302186?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T22:25:49Z","timestamp":1658960749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883944117302186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0883944117302186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-9441"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-9441","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence and clinical significance of early high Endotoxin Activity in septic shock: An observational study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Critical Care","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}