{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:22:06Z","timestamp":1792819326804,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007052","name":"MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T09:15:52Z","timestamp":1578474952000},"page":"231-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Treating sepsis with vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone: Exploring the quest for the magic elixir"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Obi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.M.","family":"Pastores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.V.","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.A.","family":"Halpern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5107-y","article-title":"Vitamin therapy in critically ill patients: focus on thiamine, vitamin C, and vitamin D","volume":"44","author":"Amrein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.04.007","article-title":"Vitamin C for the treatment of sepsis: the scientific rationale","volume":"189","author":"Marik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.04.32","article-title":"Do not forget to give thiamine to your septic shock patient!","volume":"8","author":"Mallat","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2217-4","article-title":"Ascorbic acid, corticosteroids, and thiamine in sepsis: a review of the biologic rationale and the present state of clinical evaluation","volume":"22","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.11.036","article-title":"Hydrocortisone, vitamin C and thiamine for the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective before-after study","volume":"151","author":"Marik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1159\/000343121","article-title":"The discovery of vitamin C","volume":"61","author":"Carpenter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0035","article-title":"Molecular basis for the deficiency in humans of gulonolactone oxidase, a key enzyme for ascorbic acid biosynthesis","volume":"54","author":"Nishikimi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-1950-z","article-title":"Doctor-your septic patients have scurvy!","volume":"22","author":"Marik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092647","article-title":"Regulation of vitamin C transport","volume":"25","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.145","article-title":"Human adrenal glands secrete vitamin C in response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone","volume":"86","author":"Padayatty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4107com","article-title":"Vitamin C enters mitochondria via facilitative glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) and confers mitochondrial protection against oxidative injury","volume":"19","author":"KC S, Carcamo JM, Golde DW","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0460-x","article-title":"Vitamin C revisited","volume":"18","author":"Oudemans-van Straaten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21495","article-title":"iNOS expression requires NADPH oxidase-dependent redox signaling in microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"217","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5205","article-title":"Role of vitamin C in the function of the vascular endothelium","volume":"19","author":"May","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12446","article-title":"Vitamin C physiology: the known and the unknown and goldilocks","volume":"22","author":"Padayatty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.12.048","article-title":"Killing of S. aureus in murine peritoneal macrophages by ascorbic acid along with antibiotics chloramphenicol or Ofloxacin: correlation with inflammation","volume":"115","author":"Dey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4024672","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4024672","article-title":"The parenteral vitamin C improves sepsis and sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome via preventing cellular immunosuppression","volume":"2017","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1891-y","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency in critically ill patients despite recommended enteral and parenteral intakes","volume":"21","author":"Carr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111762","article-title":"Hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid and thiamine (HAT Therapy) for the treatment of sepsis. Focus on ascorbic acid","volume":"10","author":"Marik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0100","first-page":"144","article-title":"Active constituent of rice grits preventing bird polyneuritis","volume":"32","author":"Suzuki","year":"1911","journal-title":"Tokyo Kagaku Kaishi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0105","series-title":"Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen","first-page":"1390","article-title":"On the isolation of the antiberiberi vitamin","volume":"29","author":"Jansen","year":"1926"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2017.11.001","article-title":"Thiamin","volume":"83","author":"Lonsdale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Food Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1373.2000.22428.x","article-title":"Thiamine intestinal transport and related issues: recent aspects","volume":"224","author":"Rindi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0120","first-page":"610","article-title":"Thiamine supplementation in the critically ill","volume":"14","author":"Manzanares","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0125","first-page":"1","article-title":"B vitamins in the nervous system: current knowledge of the biochemical modes of action and synergies of thiamine, pyridoxine, and cobalamin","volume":"0","author":"Calderon-Ospina","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/CNQ.0000000000000272","article-title":"Thiamine use in sepsis: B1 for everyone?","volume":"42","author":"Counts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Q"},{"issue":"182","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0135","article-title":"The relationship between lactate and thiamine levels in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"29","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.02.018","article-title":"Wernicke encephalopathy \u2013 clinical pearls","volume":"94","author":"Sinha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.06.015","article-title":"Thiamine deficiency: an important consideration in critically ill patients","volume":"356","author":"Attaluri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2000.4592","article-title":"Determination of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography using subtraction methods: reliable reduction with tris[2-carboxyethyl] phosphine hydrochloride","volume":"282","author":"Lykkesfeldt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90206-5","article-title":"Highly sensitive high-performance liquid-chromatography method for the estimation of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid in tissues, biological fluids and foods","volume":"165","author":"Behrens","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2016.36.3.271","article-title":"Influence of vitamin C and maltose on the accuracy of three models of glucose meters","volume":"36","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Lab Med"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1258\/000456305774538274","article-title":"Interference of ascorbic acid with chemical analytes","volume":"42","author":"Meng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-83-6-824","article-title":"False-negative stool occult blood tests caused by ingestion of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)","volume":"83","author":"Jaffe","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2017-0054","article-title":"Vitamin B1 in critically ill patients: needs and challenges","volume":"55","author":"Collie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.20079","article-title":"Assay values for thiamine or thiamine phosphate esters in whole blood do not depend on the anticoagulant used","volume":"19","author":"Ihara","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.9.916","article-title":"Ascorbate prevents the interaction of superoxide and nitric oxide only at very high physiological concentrations","volume":"83","author":"Jackson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.02.025","article-title":"Vitamin C pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients: a randomized trial of four IV regimens","volume":"153","author":"de Grooth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3945\/an.110.000109","article-title":"Vitamin C: a concentration-function approach yields pharmacology and therapeutic discoveries","volume":"2","author":"Levine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00010","article-title":"Vitamin C pharmacokinetics: implications for oral and intravenous use","volume":"140","author":"Padayatty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590701514266","article-title":"Concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin B12 and folic acid in patients treated with hemodialysis and on-line hemodiafiltration or hemofiltration","volume":"42","author":"Fehrman-Ekholm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2297-1","article-title":"Dosing adjuvant vitamin C in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy: We are not there yet!","volume":"23","author":"Honore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607114565245","article-title":"Thiamin in clinical practice","volume":"39","author":"Frank","year":"2015","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0235","article-title":"Thiamine for prevention and treatment of Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff syndrome in people who abuse alcohol","volume":"7","author":"Day","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001659","article-title":"Unpeeling the evidence for the Banana bag: evidence-based recommendations for the management of alcohol-associated vitamin and electrolyte deficiencies in the ICU","volume":"44","author":"Flannery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(99)90203-2","article-title":"Urinary loss of thiamine is increased by low doses of furosemide in healthy volunteers","volume":"134","author":"Rieck","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1159\/000350610","article-title":"Nutritional and metabolic alterations during continuous renal replacement therapy","volume":"35","author":"Honor\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0255","series-title":"IBM Micromedex\u00ae DRUGDEX\u00ae (electronic version)","article-title":"Thiamine","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.135.3.326","article-title":"Reduction of resuscitation fluid volumes in severely burned patients using ascorbic acid administration: a randomized, prospective study","volume":"135","author":"Tanaka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200212000-00014","article-title":"Randomized, prospective trial of antioxidant supplementation in critically ill surgical patients","volume":"236","author":"Nathens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-12-32","article-title":"Knowlson S, et al; medical respiratory intensive care unit nursing: phase 1 safety trial of intravenous ascorbic acid in patients with severe sepsis","volume":"12","author":"Fowler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.4103\/2279-042X.179569","article-title":"Effect of high-dose ascorbic acid on vasopressor\u2019s requirement in septic shock","volume":"5","author":"Zabet","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Res Pharm Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.03.03","article-title":"Vitamin C alone does not improve treatment outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with severe sepsis or septic shock: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312118807615","article-title":"Vitamin C supplementation in the critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040708","article-title":"Vitamin C can shorten the length of stay in the ICU: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Hemil\u00e4","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003700","article-title":"The effect of vitamin C on clinical outcome in critically ill patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"47","author":"Putzu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1471","article-title":"Vitamin C administration to the critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Langlois","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.11825","article-title":"Effect of vitamin C infusion on organ failure and biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury in patients with sepsis and severe acute respiratory failure","volume":"322","author":"Fowler","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2010.03.003","article-title":"Thiamine deficiency in critically ill patients with sepsis","volume":"25","author":"Donnino","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003311","article-title":"Effect of thiamine administration on lactate clearance and mortality in patients with septic shock","volume":"46","author":"Woolum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0903700510","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin deficiencies on admission: relationship to hospital mortality in critically ill patients","volume":"37","author":"Corcoran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001572","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of thiamine as a metabolic resuscitator in septic shock: a pilot study","volume":"44","author":"Donnino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201608-656BC","article-title":"Thiamine as a renal protective agent in septic shock. A secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0335","article-title":"Functional and physiological role of vitamin C transporters","volume":"70","author":"Burzle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Top Memb"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002724","article-title":"Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI): A narrative review from a multispecialty task force of the society of critical care medicine (SCCM) and the European society of intensive care medicine (ESICM)","volume":"45","author":"Annane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.07.004","article-title":"Combined vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine therapy for patients with severe pneumonia who were admitted to the intensive care unit: propensity score-based analysis of a before-after cohort study","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8010102","article-title":"Early Vitamin C and thiamine administration to patients with septic shock in emergency departments: propensity score-based analysis of a before-and-after cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Shin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0355","first-page":"329","article-title":"Safety of vitamin C in sepsis: a neglected topic","volume":"25","author":"Khoshnam-Rad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92317-B","article-title":"Ascorbic acid-induced haemolysis in G-6-PD deficiency","volume":"336","author":"Mehta","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14619.2","article-title":"Scepticaemia: The impact on the health system and patients of delaying new treatments with uncertain evidence; a case study of the sepsis bundle","volume":"7","author":"Blythe","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3254-2","article-title":"The Vitamin C, thiamine and steroids in Sepsis (VICTAS) protocol: a prospective, multi-center, double-blind, adaptive sample size, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Hager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials."}],"container-title":["Journal of Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883944119316107?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883944119316107?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:45:08Z","timestamp":1760125508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883944119316107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["S0883944119316107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-9441"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-9441","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treating sepsis with vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone: Exploring the quest for the magic elixir","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Critical Care","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.12.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}