{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T03:44:47Z","timestamp":1781927087877,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695513600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":297,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011353","name":"Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Massachusetts","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011353","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007920","name":"University of Massachusetts Medical School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR000161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5K23HD080971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K23HD080971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T11:59:41Z","timestamp":1664020781000},"page":"154147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Predicting mortality in moderate-severe TBI patients without early withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments including ICU complications: The MYSTIC-score"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Han Yan Michelle","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Flahive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Goostrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcey","family":"Osgood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Carandang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiley","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Muehlschlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30232-7","article-title":"Case-mix, care pathways, and outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury in CENTER-TBI: a European prospective, multicentre, longitudinal, cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Steyerberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2970","article-title":"Transforming research and clinical knowledge in traumatic brain injury pilot: multicenter implementation of the common data elements for traumatic brain injury","volume":"30","author":"Yue","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050165","article-title":"Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: development and international validation of prognostic scores based on admission characteristics","volume":"5","author":"Steyerberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"7641","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39461.643438.25","article-title":"Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: practical prognostic models based on large cohort of international patients","volume":"336","author":"Collaborators","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-019-00769-6","article-title":"Gap analysis regarding prognostication in Neurocritical care: a joint statement from the German Neurocritical care society and the Neurocritical care society","volume":"31","author":"Wartenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004174","article-title":"Severity assessment in maximally treated ICH patients: the max-ICH score","volume":"89","author":"Sembill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0035","article-title":"Should we use the IMPACT-model for the outcome prognostication of TBI patients? A qualitative study assessing Physicians\u2019 perceptions","volume":"3","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"MDM Policy Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R44","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11243","article-title":"Impact of non-neurological complications in severe traumatic brain injury outcome","volume":"16","author":"Corral","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.4103\/ijccm.IJCCM_156_18","article-title":"Non- neurological complications after traumatic brain injury: a prospective observational study","volume":"22","author":"Goyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9817-2","article-title":"Frequency and impact of intensive care unit complications on moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: early results of the outcome prognostication in traumatic brain injury (OPTIMISM) study","volume":"18","author":"Muehlschlegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.04.031","article-title":"Complications following hospital admission for traumatic brain injury: a multicenter cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Omar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7594","article-title":"Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement","volume":"350","author":"Collins","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"12","author":"von Elm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0075","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Brain trauma F, American Association of Neurological S, congress of neurological S. guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"24","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001432","article-title":"Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"80","author":"Carney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fourth Edition Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-00928-0","article-title":"Hyperchloremia, not concomitant hypernatremia, independently predicts early mortality in critically ill moderate-severe traumatic brain injury patients","author":"Ditch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002619","article-title":"Brain oxygen optimization in severe traumatic brain injury phase-II: a phase II randomized trial","volume":"45","author":"Okonkwo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2938","article-title":"Progress in developing common data elements for traumatic brain injury research: version two--the end of the beginning","volume":"30","author":"Hicks","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31824519ce","volume":"40","author":"Roozenbeek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0105","first-page":"S287","article-title":"The diagnosis of head injury requires a classification based on computed axial tomography","volume":"9","author":"Marshall","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(02)00453-5","article-title":"Should scoring rules be based on odds ratios or regression coefficients?","volume":"55","author":"Moons","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R127","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10240","article-title":"The added value of ordinal analysis in clinical trials: an example in traumatic brain injury","volume":"15","author":"Roozenbeek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.02.009","article-title":"Development and validation of a prognostic score to predict tuberculosis mortality","volume":"77","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318275d046","article-title":"Determination of neurologic prognosis and clinical decision making in adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a survey of Canadian intensivists, neurosurgeons, and neurologists","volume":"41","author":"Turgeon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.77.6.0901","article-title":"Extracranial complications of severe head injury","volume":"77","author":"Piek","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-017-0410-y","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score independently predicts poor outcome in isolated traumatic brain injury","volume":"28","author":"Jacome","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R115","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5007","article-title":"SOFA is superior to MOD score for the determination of non-neurologic organ dysfunction in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Zygun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000155911.01844.54","article-title":"Non-neurologic organ dysfunction in severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"33","author":"Zygun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2663-7","article-title":"The SOFA score-development, utility and challenges of accurate assessment in clinical trials","volume":"23","author":"Lambden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2019.320","article-title":"Sepsis in traumatic brain injury: epidemiology and outcomes","volume":"47","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507X.20140022","article-title":"Sepsis in intensive care unit patients with traumatic brain injury: factors associated with higher mortality","volume":"26","author":"Cardozo Junior","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ter Intensiva"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.01.051","article-title":"Is it possible to recover from traumatic brain injury and a Glasgow coma scale score of 3 at emergency department presentation?","volume":"36","author":"Sadaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.2.JNS08817","article-title":"Outcome in patients with blunt head trauma and a Glasgow coma scale score of 3 at presentation","volume":"111","author":"Chamoun","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3438","article-title":"Glasgow coma scale motor score and pupillary reaction to predict six-month mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury: comparison of field and admission assessment","volume":"32","author":"Majdan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1385\/NCC:5:2:108","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia in severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"5","author":"Zygun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-019-00773-w","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in traumatic brain injury: a Meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1086\/677144","article-title":"Strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in acute care hospitals: 2014 update","volume":"35","author":"Klompas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0853","article-title":"The clinical impact and preventability of ventilator-associated conditions in critically ill patients who are mechanically ventilated","volume":"144","author":"Muscedere","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6401","article-title":"Prognosis in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of contemporary models and validation studies","volume":"37","author":"Dijkland","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181c30fb2","article-title":"Assessing the performance of prediction models: a framework for traditional and novel measures","volume":"21","author":"Steyerberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X14547233","article-title":"Calibration of risk prediction models: impact on decision-analytic performance","volume":"35","author":"Van Calster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00047-7","article-title":"Internal and external validation of predictive models: a simulation study of bias and precision in small samples","volume":"56","author":"Steyerberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.06.011","article-title":"A systematic review finds methodological improvements necessary for prognostic models in determining traumatic brain injury outcomes","volume":"61","author":"Mushkudiani","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147_bb0225","series-title":"Data Splitting","first-page":"140","author":"Picard","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Journal of Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883944122001769?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883944122001769?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:50:39Z","timestamp":1760125839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883944122001769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0883944122001769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-9441"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-9441","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Predicting mortality in moderate-severe TBI patients without early withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments including ICU complications: The MYSTIC-score","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Critical Care","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154147","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"154147"}}