{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T03:14:59Z","timestamp":1762312499522,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011645","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMUH112-M220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH112-M220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T18:01:07Z","timestamp":1745604067000},"page":"155094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The prescribing patterns and effectiveness of sedatives and analgesics for severe traumatic brain injury patients in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Sui-Sum","family":"Kung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shao-Yun","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fen-Fen","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hsin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun-Pin","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30415-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"18","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-3-23","article-title":"Beyond intracranial pressure: optimization of cerebral blood flow, oxygen, and substrate delivery after traumatic brain injury","volume":"3","author":"Bouzat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S76","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-015-0168-z","article-title":"Emergency neurological life support: intracranial hypertension and herniation","volume":"23","author":"Stevens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1294-5","article-title":"Optimizing sedation in patients with acute brain injury","volume":"20","author":"Oddo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e825","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and Management of Pain, agitation\/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU","volume":"46","author":"Devlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1097\/JCMA.0000000000000720","article-title":"Prevalence of opioid prescriptions in Taiwan (2008-2018)","volume":"85","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001432","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury, fourth edition","volume":"80","author":"Carney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"author":"American College of Surgeons","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0040"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05805-9","article-title":"A management algorithm for patients with intracranial pressure monitoring: the Seattle international severe traumatic brain injury consensus conference (SIBICC)","volume":"45","author":"Hawryluk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2018062","article-title":"Data resource profile: the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD)","volume":"40","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S196293","article-title":"Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database: past and future","volume":"11","author":"Hsieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2009.07.004","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines in severe traumatic brain injury in Taiwan","volume":"72","author":"Liao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0065","first-page":"188","article-title":"Charlson comorbidity index: ICD-9 update and ICD-10 translation","volume":"12","author":"Glasheen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Health & Drug Benefits"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.1.JNS121775","article-title":"Thirty-day mortality in traumatically brain-injured patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy","volume":"118","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.4.469","article-title":"Outcome following decompressive craniectomy for malignant swelling due to severe head injury","volume":"104","author":"Aarabi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.10.053","article-title":"Predictors of 30-day mortality in traumatic brain-injured patients after primary decompressive Craniectomy","volume":"134","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","article-title":"An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies","volume":"46","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-015-0137-6","article-title":"Recommendations for the critical care management of devastating brain injury: prognostication, psychosocial, and ethical management\u202f: a position statement for healthcare professionals from the neurocritical care society","volume":"23","author":"Souter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-017-0451-2","article-title":"Emergency neurological life support: airway, ventilation, and sedation","volume":"27","author":"Rajajee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199512000-00013","article-title":"Sedation for the critically ill neurologic patient","volume":"23","author":"Mirski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0399-8","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors and consequences of ICU delirium","volume":"33","author":"Ouimet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199804000-00015","article-title":"Acute withdrawal syndrome related to the administration of analgesic and sedative medications in adult intensive care unit patients","volume":"26","author":"Cammarano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0115","first-page":"319","article-title":"Early sedation in traumatic brain injury: a multicentre international observational study","volume":"24","author":"Russo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care Resuscit J Australas Acad Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006106","article-title":"Association of early dexmedetomidine utilization with clinical and functional outcomes following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: a transforming clinical research and knowledge in traumatic brain injury study","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0b013e3182a3cf4f","article-title":"Monitoring and sedation differences in the management of severe head injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage among neurocritical care centers","volume":"45","author":"Skoglund","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.12.025","article-title":"Propofol infusion syndrome: a structured literature review and analysis of published case reports","volume":"122","author":"Hemphill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2006.08.028","article-title":"Multicenter evaluation of propofol for head-injured patients in Taiwan","volume":"66","author":"Chiu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-4597(09)60039-4","article-title":"Effects of propofol sedation during the early postoperative period in hemorrhagic stroke patients","volume":"47","author":"Hung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwanica\u202f: Off J Taiwan Soc Anesthesiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883944125000814?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883944125000814?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T03:10:55Z","timestamp":1762312255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883944125000814"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0883944125000814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-9441"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0883-9441"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The prescribing patterns and effectiveness of sedatives and analgesics for severe traumatic brain injury patients in Taiwan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Critical Care","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155094","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"155094"}}