{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T07:55:45Z","timestamp":1773388545541,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jctejournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T01:58:07Z","timestamp":1638755887000},"page":"100285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hypertension and COVID-19: Updates from the era of vaccines and variants"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sowmya","family":"Swamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian A.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fady","family":"Hannah-Shmouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernesto L.","family":"Schiffrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Klubo-Gwiezdzinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sriram","family":"Gubbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolff D, Nee S, Hickey NS, Marschollek M. Risk factors for Covid-19 severity and fatality: a structured literature review. Infection 2020 49:2020;49(1):15-28.","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01509-1"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13378","article-title":"Features of severe COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Del Sole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu L, Chen S, Fu Y, Gao Z, Long H, Ren H-w, et al. Risk Factors Associated With Clinical Outcomes in 323 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitalized Patients in Wuhan, China. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020;71(16):2089-98.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa539"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775","article-title":"Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area","volume":"323","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan W-j, Ni Z-y, Hu Y, Liang W-h, Ou C-q, He J-x, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. https:\/\/doiorg\/101056\/NEJMoa2002032. 2020;382(18):1708-20.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14238","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"China. Allergy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, Yan W, Yang D, Chen G, et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ. 2020;368.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1091"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.12.009","article-title":"Hypertension is a clinically important risk factor for critical illness and mortality in COVID-19: A meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrera FJ, Shekhar S, Wurth R, Moreno-Pena PJ, Ponce OJ, Hajdenberg M, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and their associated risks for poor outcomes in Covid-19 patients. Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2020;4(9):bvaa102.","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaa102"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0050","unstructured":"World Health Organization 'Hypertension' https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hypertension. 2021."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0055","first-page":"E13","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30342-9","article-title":"Catecholamine physiology and its implications in patients with COVID-19","volume":"8","author":"Gubbi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.08.010","article-title":"Resistant hypertension: a clinical perspective","volume":"48","author":"Hannah-Shmouni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23327","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023327","article-title":"Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and complications in severe and non-severe patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis without cases duplication","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0075","unstructured":"Iqbal F, Soliman A, Sanctis VD, Mushtaq K, Nair AP, Masalamani MAA, et al. Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, and Biochemical Data of Hypertensive versus Normotensive Symptomatic Patients with COVID-19: A Comparative Study. Acta Bio Medica : Atenei Parmensis. 2020;91(4):e2020164-e."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5394","article-title":"Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region","volume":"323","author":"Grasselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Italy. JAMA."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-020-00586-4","article-title":"Severity and mortality of COVID 19 in patients with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"de Almeida-Pititto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"6965","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02145","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus","volume":"426","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1570","article-title":"Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis","volume":"203","author":"Hamming","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.05.006","article-title":"Obesity and Outcomes in COVID-19: When an Epidemic and Pandemic Collide","volume":"95","author":"Sanchis-Gomar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.06.046","article-title":"Association of Obesity With More Critical Illness in COVID-19","volume":"95","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2162","article-title":"The emerging role of ACE2 in physiology and disease","volume":"212","author":"Hamming","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr2005760","article-title":"Renin\u2013Angiotensin\u2013Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047049","article-title":"Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2","volume":"142","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E736","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00124.2020","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses, and diabetes mellitus","volume":"318","author":"Muniyappa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa217","article-title":"A cytokine\/bradykinin storm comparison: what is the relationship between hypertension and COVID-19?","volume":"34","author":"Wilczynski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpab085","article-title":"COVID-19 and ROS Storm: what is the forecast for hypertension","volume":"34","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7265","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000967","article-title":"A hypothesized role for dysregulated bradykinin signaling in COVID-19 respiratory complications","volume":"34","author":"Roche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Faseb j."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109809","article-title":"Can beta-adrenergic blockers be used in the treatment of COVID-19?","volume":"142","author":"Vasanthakumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R198","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9317","article-title":"Effect of oral beta-blocker on short and long-term mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure: results from the BASEL-II-ICU study","volume":"14","author":"Noveanu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2562-y","article-title":"The association between premorbid beta blocker exposure and mortality in sepsis\u2014a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.140289","article-title":"Cytokine profile in plasma of severe COVID-19 does not differ from ARDS and sepsis","volume":"5","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.055","article-title":"Association of inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-19: A meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0311-8","article-title":"The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention","volume":"20","author":"Tay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"7735","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0774-y","article-title":"Disruption of a self-amplifying catecholamine loop reduces cytokine release syndrome","volume":"564","author":"V S, Ry B, K K, M D, Ml D, Gj R","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.2174\/092986706777584997","article-title":"Catecholamines: Physiological Immunomodulators During Health and Illness","volume":"13","author":"Oberbeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6128","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.12.6128","article-title":"Catecholamines Inhibit the Antigen-Presenting Capability of Epidermal Langerhans Cells","volume":"168","author":"Seiffert","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1159\/000129670","article-title":"Expression of \u03b1-AR Subtypes in T Lymphocytes and Role of the \u03b1-ARs in Mediating Modulation of T Cell Function","volume":"14","author":"Bao","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroImmunoModulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konig MF, Powell M, Staedtke V, Bai R-Y, Thomas DL, Fischer N, et al. Preventing cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 using \u03b1-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2020;130(7):3345-7.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI139642"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2013.12.005","article-title":"Voltage-gated calcium channels function as Ca2+-activated signaling receptors","volume":"39","author":"Atlas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen X, Cao R, Zhong W. Host Calcium Channels and Pumps in Viral Infections. Cells 2020, Vol 9, Page 94. 2019;9(1):94-.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010094"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00426-20","article-title":"Ca 2+ Ions Promote Fusion of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus with Host Cells and Increase Infectivity","volume":"94","author":"Straus","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casciano JC, Duchemin NJ, Lamontagne RJ, Steel LF, Bouchard MJ. Hepatitis B virus modulates store-operated calcium entry to enhance viral replication in primary hepatocytes. PLOS ONE. 2017;12(2):e0168328-e.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168328"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.03.026","article-title":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Antihypertensives (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) in Coronavirus Disease 2019","volume":"95","author":"Sanchis-Gomar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1863","article-title":"Risks of ACE Inhibitor and ARB Usage in COVID-19: Evaluating the Evidence","volume":"108","author":"Sriram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2020.100627","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers and the risk of COVID-19 infection or severe disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Caldeira","year":"2020","journal-title":"IJC Heart & Vasculature."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-317336","article-title":"Treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARBs and risk of severe\/lethal COVID-19: a meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Flacco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248420976279","article-title":"Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II blockers with severity of COVID-19: a multicenter, prospective study","volume":"26","author":"Hakeam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26625","article-title":"The use of renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors is associated with a lower risk of mortality in hypertensive COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-317393","article-title":"Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people Special populations","volume":"106","author":"Hippisley-Cox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0260","article-title":"Nifedipine and Amlodipine Are Associated With Improved Mortality and Decreased Risk for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation in Elderly Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Solaimanzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102210","article-title":"Association of calcium channel blocker use with clinical outcome of COVID-19: A meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Alsagaff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr: Clin. Res Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2020.10.015","article-title":"Lack of association of antihypertensive drugs with the risk and severity of COVID-19: A meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao C, Cai Y, Zhang K, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, et al. Association of hypertension and antihypertensive treatment with COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective observational study. European Heart Journal. 2020;41(22):2058-66.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa433"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cariou B, Hadjadj S, Wargny M, Pichelin M, Al-Salameh A, Allix I, et al. Phenotypic characteristics and prognosis of inpatients with COVID-19 and diabetes: the CORONADO study. Diabetologia 2020 63:8. 2020;63(8):1500-15.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05180-x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koenecke A, Powell M, Xiong R, Shen Z, Fischer N, Huq S, et al. Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists to prevent hyperinflammation and death from lower respiratory tract infection. eLife. 2021;10.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.61700"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li S, Jun T, Wang Z, Kao Y-H, Schadt E, Konig MF, et al. COVID-19 outcomes among hospitalized men with or without exposure to alpha-1-adrenergic receptor blocking agents. medRxiv. 2021:2021.04.08.21255148-2021.04.08.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.04.08.21255148"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baden LR, Sahly HME, Essink B, Kotloff K, Frey S, Novak R, et al. Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. https:\/\/doiorg\/101056\/NEJMoa2035389. 2020;384(5):403-16.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine","volume":"383","author":"Polack","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadoff J, Gray G, Vandebosch A, C\u00e1rdenas V, Shukarev G, Grinsztejn B, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine against Covid-19. https:\/\/doiorg\/101056\/NEJMoa2101544. 2021;384(23):2187-201.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101544"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101765","article-title":"BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting","volume":"384","author":"Dagan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0315","article-title":"Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: test negative case-control study","volume":"373","author":"Bernal","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watanabe M, Balena A, Tuccinardi D, Tozzi R, Risi R, Masi D, et al. Central obesity, smoking habit, and hypertension are associated with lower antibody titres in response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2021:e3465.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.04.13.21255402"},{"issue":"10275","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00234-8","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia","volume":"397","author":"Logunov","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0330","unstructured":"Evidence Assessment: Sinopharm\/BBIBP COVID-19 vaccine FOR RECOMMENDATION BY THE STRATEGIC ADVISORY GROUP OF EXPERTS (SAGE) ON IMMUNIZATION Prepared by the SAGE Working Group on COVID-19 vaccines 2 EVIDENCE ASSESSMENT: BBIBP-CorV Key evidence to inform policy recommendations on the use of BBIBP-CorV."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ella R, Reddy S, Blackwelder W, Potdar V, Yadav P, Sarangi V, et al. Efficacy, safety, and lot to lot immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152): a, double-blind, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. medRxiv. 2021:2021.06.30.21259439-2021.06.30.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.06.30.21259439"},{"issue":"10269","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32661-1","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK","volume":"397","author":"Voysey","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02631","article-title":"Heterologous Immunity: Role in Natural and Vaccine-Induced Resistance to Infections","volume":"10","author":"Agrawal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.015","article-title":"Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals","volume":"181","author":"Grifoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586984","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.586984","article-title":"Potential cross-reactive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from common human pathogens and vaccines","volume":"11","author":"Reche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0360","first-page":"1050","article-title":"Protective heterologous T cell immunity in COVID-19 induced by the trivalent MMR and Tdap vaccine antigens","volume":"2","author":"Mysore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med (N Y)."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13582","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in humans: relevance to acquired immunity and vaccine responses","volume":"204","author":"Jordan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.14181","article-title":"Variants of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"326","author":"Lauring","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0375","unstructured":"Rio Cd, Malani PN, Omer SB. Confronting the Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2, Summer 2021. JAMA. 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0380","article-title":"Covid-19: How effective are vaccines against the delta variant?","volume":"374","author":"Baraniuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0385","unstructured":"Havers FP, Pham H, Taylor CA, Whitaker M, Patel K, Anglin O, et al. COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among vaccinated and unvaccinated adults \u226518 years \u2013 COVID-NET, 13 states, January 1 \u2013 July 24, 2021. medRxiv. 2021:2021.08.27.21262356-2021.08.27."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0390","unstructured":"Kumar VJ, Sowpati DT, Munigela A, Banu S, Siva AB, Sasikala M, et al. Clinical outcomes in vaccinated individuals hospitalized with Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. medRxiv. 2021:2021.07.13.21260417-2021.07.13."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0395","unstructured":"Gadjah Mada U, Hospital Mohamad Saifudin Hakim Universitas Gadjah Mada Hendra Wibawa S, El Khair Universitas Gadjah Mada R, Hospital Kristy Iskandar S, Balai Besar Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Nungki Anggorowati Universitas Gadjah Mada I, Hospital Edwin Widyanto Daniwijaya S, et al. The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Multiple Spike Protein Mutations on COVID-19 Outcomes. 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0400","unstructured":"CDC. Risk for COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization, and Death By Race\/Ethnicity https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/covid-data\/investigations-discovery\/hospitalization-death-by-race-ethnicity.html (accessed August 27, 2021) 2021."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.17.2253","article-title":"Incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in African American and white adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"283","author":"Brancati","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E46","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd16.180579","article-title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adult Obesity in the United States: CDC's Tracking to Inform State and Local Action","volume":"16","author":"Petersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0415","unstructured":"Hye Jin Rho HB, Shawn Fremstad. A Basic Demographic Profile of Workers in Frontline Industries https:\/\/cepr.net\/a-basic-demographic-profile-of-workers-in-frontline-industries\/ (accessed on September 16th, 2021) 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0420","unstructured":"CDC. COVID-19 Vaccine Equity for Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups n.d. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/community\/health-equity\/vaccine-equity.html#13 (accessed August 27, 2021). 2021."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15873","article-title":"Evidence and Recommendations on the Use of Telemedicine for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: An International Expert Position Paper","volume":"76","author":"Omboni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bansal R, Gubbi S, Muniyappa R. Metabolic syndrome and COVID 19: endocrine-immune-vascular interactions shapes clinical course. Endocrinology. 2020;161(10):bqaa112.","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa112"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436","article-title":"Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19","volume":"384","author":"Horby","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0440","article-title":"The Use of the Anticoagulant Heparin and Corticosteroid Dexamethasone as Prominent Treatments for COVID-19","volume":"8","author":"Braz-de-Melo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-1928-4","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced hypertension","volume":"27","author":"Goodwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100799","article-title":"The implementation of remote home monitoring models during the COVID-19 pandemic in England","volume":"34","author":"Vindrola-Padros","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285_b0455","unstructured":"NHS. Pulse oximetry to detect early deterioration of patients with COVID-19 in primary and community care settings https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/coronavirus\/publication\/pulse-oximetry-to-detect-early-deterioration-of-patients-with-covid-19-in-primary-and-community-care-settings\/ (accessed November 17th, 2021) 2020 [."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214623721000375?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214623721000375?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:57:31Z","timestamp":1762005451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214623721000375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S2214623721000375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-6237"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-6237","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hypertension and COVID-19: Updates from the era of vaccines and variants","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcte.2021.100285","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100285"}}