{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:48:23Z","timestamp":1792788503186,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007941","name":"Addis Ababa University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007941","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006013","name":"United Arab Emirates University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:31:17Z","timestamp":1784205077000},"page":"100631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Key risk factors for pulmonary vs. extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a comparative study in Southwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Jelkeba Bali","family":"Weyesa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengistu","family":"Legesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balako","family":"Gumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aboma","family":"Zewude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gobena","family":"Ameni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0005","series-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report","author":"WHO","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0010","series-title":"Tuberculosis country profiles[internet]","author":"WHO","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0015","series-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report","author":"WHO","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00359-7","article-title":"WHO\u2019s global tuberculosis report 2022","volume":"4","author":"Bagcchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002119","article-title":"Sex differences in tuberculosis burden and notifications in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Horton","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0030","article-title":"Risk factors for tuberculosis","volume":"2013","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pulm Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.03.041","article-title":"Drivers of tuberculosis epidemics: the role of risk factors and social determinants","volume":"68","author":"L\u00f6nnroth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077979","article-title":"Nutritional status of adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in rural Central India and its association with mortality","volume":"8","author":"Bhargava","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002464","article-title":"Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection","volume":"8","author":"Pawlowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017871","article-title":"Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection","volume":"5","author":"Bruchfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-25381-3_7","article-title":"Co-infection with TB and HIV: converging epidemics, clinical challenges, and microbial synergy","author":"Huante","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tuberculosis host-pathogen interactions"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3604-9","article-title":"Tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Teweldemedhin","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08575-4","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of tuberculosis among people living with HIV\/AIDS in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0070","author":"Organization WH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.02.004","article-title":"Clinical risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Mali","volume":"81","author":"Baya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.03.021","article-title":"Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in Vietnam","volume":"46","author":"Trinh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0085","first-page":"123","article-title":"Undernutrition and associated factors among adult tuberculosis patients in Jigjiga public health facilities, Somali region, east, Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"Muse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Rep Trop Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-023-02318-6","article-title":"Magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among adult tuberculosis patients attending public health facilities in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia","volume":"23","author":"Tadesse","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-095939","article-title":"The immune response in tuberculosis","volume":"31","author":"O\u2019Garra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0281","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberculosis risk factors among bacteriologically negative and bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis patients from five regional referral hospitals in Uganda","volume":"100","author":"Muttamba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-018-0828-0","article-title":"Association between diabetes mellitus and multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Tegegne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-021-00358-4","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and HIV infection among active tuberculosis patients in Northwest Ethiopia: health facility-based cross-sectional study","volume":"49","author":"Tulu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147621","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients in south-eastern Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Workneh","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0120","first-page":"45","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality during tuberculosis treatment: a prospective cohort study among tuberculosis patients in south-eastern Amahra region, Ethiopia","volume":"05","author":"Workneh","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30703-X","article-title":"The global burden of tuberculosis: results from the global burden of disease study 2015","volume":"18","author":"Kyu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.5958\/0976-5506.2019.00577.1","article-title":"Housing condition as tuberculosis infection risk factor","volume":"10","author":"Wardani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0135","first-page":"588","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of TB\/HIV co-infection among HIV infected patients in Amhara region, Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Mitku","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0140","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among adult tuberculosis patients in some selected public health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"2","author":"Dargie","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19220-3","article-title":"Magnitude and determinants of undernutrition among tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Feyisa","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075600","article-title":"Understanding the national evidence on the double burden of malnutrition in Ethiopia for the implications of research gap identifications: a scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Getacher","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0155","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of tuberculosis among adult household contacts of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated in public health facilities of Haramaya District, Oromia region, eastern Ethiopia","volume":"2020","author":"Adane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tuberc Res Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17713-9","article-title":"Financial burden of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment for patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Assefa","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7597-0","article-title":"Contact screening and risk factors for TB among the household contact of children with active TB: a way to find source case and new TB cases","volume":"19","author":"Laghari","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040020","article-title":"Tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution and tuberculosis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00216-2017","article-title":"Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for tuberculosis: meta-analyses and burden of disease","volume":"50","author":"Imtiaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-498","article-title":"Indoor solid fuel use and tuberculosis in China: a matched case-control study","volume":"11","author":"Kan","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7100300","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in Ethiopia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Reta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203986","article-title":"The twin epidemics: prevalence of TB\/HIV co-infection and its associated factors in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30423-2","article-title":"A household-level score to predict the risk of tuberculosis among contacts of patients with tuberculosis: a derivation and external validation prospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Saunders","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-8","article-title":"Comparison of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Nepal-a hospital-based retrospective study","volume":"8","author":"Sreeramareddy","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-154","article-title":"Demographic and microbial characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases diagnosed in Malatya, Turkey, 2001-2007","volume":"11","author":"Gunal","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0210","series-title":"Reported tuberculosis cases in the United States","author":"Prevention CfDCa","year":"2000"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2011.03.005","article-title":"Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: epidemiology and risk factors","volume":"29","author":"Garc\u00eda-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4241-7","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberculosis, multidrug resistant tuberculosis and associated risk factors among smear negative presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"19","author":"Sinshaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0225","series-title":"Analysis of healthy housing and TB prevalence in Yogyakarta City","author":"Nurfita","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12879-6","article-title":"Inadequate housing and pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0235","series-title":"Environmental health recommendations for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review","author":"Nel","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0240","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk factors of tuberculosis and strategies for prevention and control","volume":"12","author":"Etim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Innovative Healthcare Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.55299\/ijphe.v1i1.2","article-title":"The relationship between physical conditions of the house and the incidence of tuberculosis","volume":"1","author":"Siregar","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-023-01044-0","article-title":"Household air pollution and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults","volume":"23","author":"Katoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"issue":"9648","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61345-8","article-title":"Effects of smoking and solid-fuel use on COPD, lung cancer, and tuberculosis in China: a time-based, multiple risk factor, modelling study","volume":"372","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0260","series-title":"The challenge of tuberculosis in the 21st century (ERS monograph)","first-page":"18","article-title":"Epidemiology: The current burden of tuberculosis and its determinants","author":"Verstraeten","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0265","series-title":"Preventing disease through healthy environments: a global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks","author":"Pr\u00fcss-Ust\u00fcn","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2020.102548","article-title":"Cooking that kills: cleaner energy access, indoor air pollution, and health","volume":"147","author":"Imelda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dev Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/123845","article-title":"Smoking increases the risk of infectious diseases: a narrative review","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0280","series-title":"Household air pollution","author":"WHO","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-020-00923-z","article-title":"Biomass-fuelled improved cookstove intervention to prevent household air pollution in Northwest Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Adane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.5.940","article-title":"The association of housing density, isolation and tuberculosis in Canadian first nations communities","volume":"31","author":"Clark","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.16.0866","article-title":"Tuberculosis in adolescents and young adults: epidemiology and treatment outcomes in the Western cape","volume":"21","author":"Snow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.09.036","article-title":"Household fuel use and pulmonary tuberculosis in western Nepal: a case-control study","volume":"168","author":"Bates","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233314","article-title":"Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk factors in prison in east Wollega zone of western Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"Chekesa","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0310","first-page":"12","article-title":"Role of environmental factors in transmission of tuberculosis","volume":"2","author":"Srivastava","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dynamics of Human Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/NT.0000000000000108","article-title":"Raw Milk consumption: risks and benefits","volume":"50","author":"Lucey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Today"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013355","article-title":"Perception of cattle owners towards risk of raw milk consumption for bovine tuberculosis transmission in Hosanna, Central Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Asfaw","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-289","article-title":"Alcohol use as a risk factor for tuberculosis \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"L\u00f6nnroth","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214235","article-title":"Risk factors for tuberculosis: a case\u2013control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"Shimeles","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806-37562017000000443","article-title":"Risk factors for tuberculosis: diabetes, smoking, alcohol use, and the use of other drugs","volume":"44","author":"Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175925","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus comorbidity: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Workneh","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.11.023","article-title":"Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection\u2014focus on the Asia-Pacific region","volume":"32","author":"Trinh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.05.003","article-title":"Tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency viruses and TB\/HIV co-infection in pregnant women: a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Yaghoubi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0355","article-title":"Global prevalence, burden and trend in HIV and drug-susceptible tuberculosis co-infection from 1990 to 2019 and prediction to 2040","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.05.006","article-title":"Limitation of a cross-sectional study","volume":"148","author":"Solem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0365","series-title":"Cross-sectional research: a critical perspective, use cases, and recommendations for IS research","first-page":"102625","author":"Maier","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1, Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.012","article-title":"Cross-sectional studies: strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations","volume":"158","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405579426000537?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405579426000537?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T05:57:10Z","timestamp":1786082230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405579426000537"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["S2405579426000537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-5794"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-5794","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Key risk factors for pulmonary vs. extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a comparative study in Southwest Ethiopia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100631","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100631"}}