{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:45:24Z","timestamp":1785775524504,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007161","name":"Boston University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007161","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:11:52Z","timestamp":1783469512000},"page":"100632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Serum tuberculosis biomarkers and their association with clinical characteristics among hospitalized adults living with HIV in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Lydia","family":"Nakiyingi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Kikaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olive","family":"Mbabazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Nabatanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Kamulegeya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Nakabugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Bagaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damalie","family":"Nakanjako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Ssengooba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Mayanja-Kizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0005","series-title":"Global tuberculosis report","article-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2025","author":"WHO","year":"2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018502","article-title":"Evaluation of the 2007 WHO guideline to improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis in ambulatory HIV-positive adults","volume":"6","author":"Koole","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0015","article-title":"Smear- and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-negative tuberculosis: a case series highlighting diagnostic limitations and the role of escalation","volume":"17","author":"Daraselia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0020","article-title":"Diagnostic biomarkers for active tuberculosis: progress and challenges","volume":"14","author":"BMF","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30469-2","article-title":"Blood transcriptional biomarkers for active pulmonary tuberculosis in a high-burden setting: a prospective, observational, diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"8","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00786-24","article-title":"Host blood protein biomarkers to screen for tuberculosis disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Gaeddert","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000151","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults","volume":"66","author":"Nakiyingi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2021.100284","article-title":"A systematic review of potential screening biomarkers for active TB disease","volume":"25","author":"Wykowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01859-21","article-title":"Biomarkers that correlate with active pulmonary tuberculosis treatment response: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Zimmer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-048623","article-title":"Host blood transcriptomic biomarkers of tuberculosis disease in people living with HIV: a systematic review protocol","volume":"11","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2023-220782","article-title":"Serum cytokine biosignatures for identification of tuberculosis among HIV-positive inpatients","volume":"79","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abst.2025.12.001","article-title":"Exploring the potential of IP-10 and sCD14 as inflammatory biomarkers in HIV\u2013TB co-infection: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Oso","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv Biomarker Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2015.05.015","article-title":"The effect of HIV coinfection, HAART and TB treatment on cytokine\/chemokine responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens in active TB patients and latently Mtb infected individuals","volume":"96","author":"Kassa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152665","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1152665","article-title":"Evaluation of the IP-10 mRNA release assay for diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected individuals","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4466-5","article-title":"Accumulate evidence for IP-10 in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"19","author":"Qiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47923-w","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of interferon-gamma-induced protein 10 for differentiating active tuberculosis from latent tuberculosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Qiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0085","first-page":"49","article-title":"IP-10 is an additional marker for tuberculosis (TB) detection in HIV-infected persons in a low-TB endemic country","volume":"65","author":"Vanini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Inf Secur"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003901","article-title":"Is IP-10 a better biomarker for active and latent tuberculosis in children than IFNgamma?","volume":"3","author":"Whittaker","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0095","first-page":"381","article-title":"IP-10 differentiates between active and latent tuberculosis irrespective of HIV status and declines during therapy","volume":"70","author":"Wergeland","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Inf Secur"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30488-7","article-title":"Point-of-care C-reactive protein-based tuberculosis screening for people living with HIV: a diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"17","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00067604","article-title":"Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels in HIV-positive subjects with tuberculosis and pneumonia","volume":"25","author":"Schleicher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.13.0519","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy and clinical role of rapid C-reactive protein testing in HIV-infected individuals with presumed tuberculosis in South Africa","volume":"18","author":"Drain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0811","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum C-reactive protein for screening for HIV-associated tuberculosis","volume":"17","author":"Lawn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2010.009551","article-title":"Prognostic value of C-reactive protein in HIV-infected patients with pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia","volume":"21","author":"Sage","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2009.24.4.337","article-title":"Role of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in differentiation of tuberculosis from bacterial community acquired pneumonia","volume":"24","author":"Kang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-3015-9","article-title":"Elevated serum beta2-microglobulin in individuals coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus in a rural settings in Southwest Nigeria","volume":"10","author":"Okoror","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01341.x","article-title":"Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV infection are independently associated with elevated serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor receptor type 1 and beta2-microglobulin, respectively","volume":"122","author":"Lawn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1447-9","article-title":"C-reactive protein, Neopterin and Beta2 microglobulin levels pre and post TB treatment in the Gambia","volume":"16","author":"Mendy","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004446","article-title":"The ESAT-6 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis interacts with beta-2-microglobulin (beta2M) affecting antigen presentation function of macrophage","volume":"10","author":"Sreejit","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0150","first-page":"211","article-title":"Decline in beta-2 microglobulin levels after antitubercular therapy in tubercular patients with HIV infection","volume":"43","author":"Wanchu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buyukoglan H, Gulmez I, Kelestimur F, Kart L, Oymak FS, Demir R, Ozesmi M: Leptin levels in various manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis. Mediat Inflamm 2007, 2007(1):064859.","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/64859"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.01.70","article-title":"Association of serum leptin levels and pulmonary tuberculosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8228","article-title":"Decreased plasma leptin concentrations in tuberculosis patients are associated with wasting and inflammation","volume":"87","author":"van Crevel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0170","article-title":"The role of the Adipokine leptin in immune cell function in health and disease","volume":"11","author":"Kiernan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2019.100107","article-title":"Plasma levels of CRP, neopterin and IP-10 in HIV-infected individuals with and without pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"16","author":"Ciccacci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0180","first-page":"24","article-title":"Clinical utility of C-reactive protein-based triage for presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis in South African adults","volume":"86","author":"Calderwood","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Inf Secur"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01541-1","article-title":"Plasma interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) levels correlate with disease severity and paradoxical reactions in extrapulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"49","author":"Suarez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0190","first-page":"609","article-title":"Plasma levels of interferon-inducible protein 10 in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis with different affected areas","volume":"39","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01385.x","article-title":"T cell activation, apoptosis and cytokine dysregulation in the (co)pathogenesis of HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)","volume":"122","author":"Hertoghe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405579426000549?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405579426000549?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:54:59Z","timestamp":1785772499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405579426000549"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S2405579426000549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-5794"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-5794","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Serum tuberculosis biomarkers and their association with clinical characteristics among hospitalized adults living with HIV in Uganda","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jctube.2026.100632","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100632"}}