{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T07:16:11Z","timestamp":1778915771478,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalofclinicalvirology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,28]],"date-time":"2014-09-28T12:05:37Z","timestamp":1411905937000},"page":"315-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Seronegative occult hepatitis C virus infection: Clinical implications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Vicente","family":"Carre\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1086\/380202","article-title":"Occult hepatitis C virus infection in patients in whom the etiology of persistently abnormal results of liver-function tests is unknown","volume":"189","author":"Castillo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7710","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02750-06","article-title":"Ultracentrifugation of serum samples allows detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in patients with occult hepatitis C","volume":"81","author":"Bartolom\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.08.021","article-title":"Identification of serologically silent occult hepatitis C virus infection by detecting immunoglobulin G antibody to a dominant HCV core peptide epitope","volume":"50","author":"Quiroga","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10972","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00852-06","article-title":"Cellular immune responses associated with occult hepatitis C virus infection of the liver","volume":"80","author":"Quiroga","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21866","article-title":"Diagnosis of occult hepatitis C without the need for a liver biopsy","volume":"82","author":"Castillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5867","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.11.5867-5874.2004","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus persistence after spontaneous or treatment induced resolution of hepatitis C","volume":"78","author":"Pham","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20518","article-title":"Persistence of hepatitis C virus in patients successfully treated for chronic hepatitis C","volume":"41","author":"Radkowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1086\/429834","article-title":"Evidence for viral persistence in patients who test positive for anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies and have normal alanine aminotransferase levels","volume":"191","author":"Radkowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22802","article-title":"virus persisting after clinically apparent sustained virological response to antiviral therapy retains infectivity in vitro","volume":"49","author":"MacParland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.05.044","article-title":"Eradication of hepatitis C virus in patients successfully treated for chronic hepatitis C","volume":"135","author":"Maylin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22184","article-title":"Clearance of hepatitis C virus RNA from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of blood donors who spontaneously or therapeutically control their plasma viremia","volume":"47","author":"Bernardin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2009.01025.x","article-title":"No evidence of occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in serum of HCV antibody-positive HCV RNA-negative kidney-transplant patients","volume":"23","author":"Nicot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25921","article-title":"Investigation of residual hepatitis C virus in presumed recovered subjects","volume":"57","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.43.279","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with liver cirrhosis associated with negative serum HCV test but positive liver tissue HCV-RNA","volume":"43","author":"Esaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.033050","article-title":"HBV, HCV and TTV detection by in situ polymerase chain reaction could reveal occult infection in hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison with blood markers","volume":"59","author":"Comar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0080","first-page":"105","article-title":"Viral genomes and antigen detection of hepatitis B and C viruses in involved lymph nodes of Egyptian non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients","volume":"13","author":"El-Sayed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Egypt J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8128","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008128","article-title":"Occult HCV infection: an unexpected finding in a population unselected for hepatic disease","volume":"4","author":"De Marco","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0090","first-page":"72","article-title":"Occult hepatitis C virus infection in a re-transplanted patients with liver failure of unknown etiology","volume":"25","author":"Cort\u00e9s-Mancera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Col Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3109\/08820131003605820","article-title":"Detection of occult hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infections from peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"39","author":"Zaghloul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4236\/ojim.2011.12009","article-title":"Prevalence of occult hepatitis C in Egyptian patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"1","author":"Saad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22044","article-title":"Occult hepatitis C virus infection in Iranian patients with cryptogenic liver disease","volume":"83","author":"Bokharaei-Salim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(11)60083-2","article-title":"High prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus infection in non alcoholic steatohepatitis and cryptogenetic liver diseases","volume":"43","author":"Granieri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.12.004","article-title":"Occult hepatitis C virus infection and associated predictive factors: the Pakistan experience","volume":"11","author":"Idrees","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2011.01464.x","article-title":"Cellular immune responses and occult infection in seronegative heterosexual partners of chronic hepatitis C patients","volume":"18","author":"Roque-Cu\u00e9llar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0125","first-page":"429784","article-title":"Prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus in Egyptian patients with chronic lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"2012","author":"Youssef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepat Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6247.95046","article-title":"Distinct immunoregulatory cytokine pattern in Egyptian patients with occult Hepatitis C infection and unexplained persistently elevated liver transaminases","volume":"6","author":"Gad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian J Transfus Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43541","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043541","article-title":"Prevalence and follow-up of occult HCV infection in an Italian population free of clinically detectable infectious liver disease","volume":"7","author":"De Marco","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23460","article-title":"Prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus infection in Iranian patients with lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"85","author":"Farahani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12098","article-title":"Rare occurrence of occult hepatitis C virus in apparently uninfected injecting drug users: a two-centre, masked, case\u2013control study","volume":"20","author":"Sugden","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11290","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.11290","article-title":"Occult hepatitis C virus infection in candidates for liver transplant with cryptogenic cirrhosis","volume":"13","author":"Keyvani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-0397","article-title":"Viral hepatitis markers in liver tissue in relation to serostatus in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Hernandez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0160","first-page":"37","article-title":"Occurrence of occult HCV infection among HIV infected patients in Georgia","volume":"226","author":"Gatserelia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Georgian Med News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.012","article-title":"Prevalence of occult hepatitis C infection in chronic hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients","volume":"60","author":"Baid-Agrawal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00345-08","article-title":"Occult hepatitis C virus infection revisited with ultrasensitive real-time PCR assay","volume":"46","author":"Halfon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0175","first-page":"296","article-title":"Absence of occult HCV infection in patients experiencing an immunodepression condition","volume":"21","author":"Pisaturo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24436","article-title":"Absence of occult hepatitis C virus infection in patients under immunosupressive therapy for oncohematological diseases","volume":"54","author":"Coppola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.058297-0","article-title":"High prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"62","author":"Castillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008030293","article-title":"Occult hepatitis C virus infection among hemodialysis patients","volume":"19","author":"Barril","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68","article-title":"High prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus infection in patients with primary and secondary glomerular nephropathies","author":"Castillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21483","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in the family setting of patients with occult hepatitis C","volume":"81","author":"Castillo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02886.x","article-title":"Effect of anti-viral therapy for occult hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"23","author":"Pardo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02613.x","article-title":"Long-term virological follow up of patients with occult hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"31","author":"Castillo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2697","article-title":"The need for transparency and good practices in the qPCR literature","volume":"10","author":"Bustin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1086\/380203","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) occult infection or occult HCV RNA detection?","volume":"189","author":"Lerat","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0225","first-page":"113","article-title":"virus proteins: from structure to function","volume":"369","author":"Moradpour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20374","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M210785200","article-title":"An NS3 serine protease inhibitor abrogates replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNA","volume":"278","author":"Pause","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6383","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02612-08","article-title":"Modeling subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNA kinetics during treatment with alpha interferon","volume":"83","author":"Dahari","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386653214003527?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386653214003527?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T22:56:33Z","timestamp":1538175393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1386653214003527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1386653214003527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-6532"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-6532","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Seronegative occult hepatitis C virus infection: Clinical implications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}