{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:13:57Z","timestamp":1791530037031,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["48968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["48968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T16:38:01Z","timestamp":1581439081000},"page":"104288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A prospective case-control study on the association of Rhinovirus nasopharyngeal viral load and viremia in South African children hospitalized with severe pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1327-9090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicky L.","family":"Baillie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azwifarwi","family":"Mathunjwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palesa","family":"Morailane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.F.","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabir A.","family":"Madhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-0542(04)90036-X","article-title":"Do rhinoviruses cause pneumonia in children?","volume":"5","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31818ffc1b","article-title":"Rhinovirus associated with severe lower respiratory tract infections in children","volume":"28","author":"Louie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2012.00340.x","article-title":"Impact of viral infections in children with community\u2010acquired pneumonia: results of a study of 17 respiratory viruses","volume":"7","author":"Esposito","year":"2013","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181861da0","article-title":"Rhinoviruses are a major cause of wheezing and hospitalization in children less than 2 years of age","volume":"28","author":"Piotrowska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1086\/524312","article-title":"A recently identified rhinovirus genotype is associated with severe respiratory-tract infection in children in Germany","volume":"196","author":"Renwick","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3958","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00993-09","article-title":"Screening respiratory samples for detection of human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and enteroviruses: comprehensive VP4-VP2 typing reveals high incidence and genetic diversity of HRV species C","volume":"47","author":"Wisdom","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-65","article-title":"Human rhinovirus infection in young African children with acute wheezing","volume":"11","author":"Smuts","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31817e695d","article-title":"Identification of respiratory viruses in asymptomatic subjects: asymptomatic respiratory viral infections","volume":"27","author":"Jartti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.053686-0","article-title":"Proposals for the classification of human rhinovirus species A, B and C into genotypically assigned types","volume":"94","author":"McIntyre","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(02)00016-3","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of rhinovirus isolates collected during successive epidemic seasons","volume":"85","author":"Savolainen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.023994-0","article-title":"Proposals for the classification of human rhinovirus species C into genotypically assigned types","volume":"91","author":"Simmonds","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0060","first-page":"268","article-title":"Rhinovirus and the developing lung","volume":"15","author":"Cox","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1926-5","article-title":"Impact of rhinovirus nasopharyngeal viral load and viremia on severity of respiratory infections in children","volume":"33","author":"Esposito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200502-315OC","article-title":"Rhinovirus viremia in children with respiratory infections","volume":"172","author":"Xatzipsalti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1052","article-title":"The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health Project: a 21st century childhood pneumonia etiology study","volume":"54","author":"Levine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1066","article-title":"Identification and selection of cases and controls in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health project","volume":"54","author":"Deloria-Knoll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0085","series-title":"Acute Respiratory Infections in Children: Case Management in Small Hospitals in Developing Countries, a Manual for Doctors and Other Senior Health Workers","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0090","series-title":"Technical Bases for the WHO Recommendations on the Management of Pneumonia in Children at First-Level Health Facilities","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1991"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S146","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1073","article-title":"Laboratory methods for determining pneumonia etiology in children","volume":"54","author":"Murdoch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30721-4","article-title":"Causes of severe pneumonia requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection from Africa and Asia: the PERCH multi-country case-control study","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3736","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00674-08","article-title":"Assay for 5\u2032 noncoding region analysis of all human rhinovirus prototype strains","volume":"46","author":"Kiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027247","article-title":"Detection of human rhinovirus C viral genome in blood among children with severe respiratory infections in the Philippines","volume":"6","author":"Fuji","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts199","article-title":"Geneious basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data","volume":"28","author":"Kearse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01731581","article-title":"A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences","volume":"16","author":"Kimura","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","article-title":"MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0","volume":"30","author":"Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.03.014","article-title":"Pneumonia and pericarditis in a child with HRV-C infection: a case report","volume":"45","author":"Tapparel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.05.017","article-title":"Biodiversity and clinico-demographic characteristics of human rhinoviruses from hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections in Malaysia","volume":"58","author":"Etemadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201202-0330OC","article-title":"Human rhinovirus species and season of infection determine illness severity","volume":"186","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/v8010016","article-title":"Rhinoviruses and respiratory enteroviruses: not as simple as ABC","volume":"8","author":"Royston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20027","article-title":"Persistence of rhinovirus and enterovirus RNA after acute respiratory illness in children","volume":"72","author":"Jartti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386653220300305?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386653220300305?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T03:11:26Z","timestamp":1761361886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1386653220300305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S1386653220300305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-6532"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-6532","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A prospective case-control study on the association of Rhinovirus nasopharyngeal viral load and viremia in South African children hospitalized with severe pneumonia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104288","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104288"}}