{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:39:24Z","timestamp":1786991964158,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["celltherapyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T23:35:50Z","timestamp":1778283350000},"page":"102906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Curative treatment for severe sickle cell disease: allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant or gene therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mary","family":"Eapen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.10","article-title":"Sickle cell disease","volume":"4","author":"Kato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24235","article-title":"Evolution of sickle cell disease from a life-threatening disease of children to a chronic disease of adults: the last 40 years","volume":"91","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.153791","article-title":"Risk factors for mortality in adult patients with sickle cell disease: a meta-analysis of studies in North America and Europe","volume":"102","author":"Maitra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0004","article-title":"Estimated life expectancy and income of patients with sickle cell disease compared with those without sickle cell disease","volume":"2","author":"Lubeck","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Net Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3276","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022009202","article-title":"Long term survival with sickle cell disease: a nationwide cohort study of Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries","volume":"7","author":"Jiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0006","series-title":"United States Life Tables, 2016","author":"Arias","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-10-745711","article-title":"Sickle cell disease: an international survey of results of HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"192","author":"Gluckman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.213207","article-title":"Long-term event-free survival, chimerism and fertility outcomes in 234 patients with sickle cell anemia younger than 30 years after myeloablative conditioning and matched-sibling transplantation in France","volume":"105","author":"Bernaudin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.7192","article-title":"Nonmyeloablative HLA-matched sibling allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for severe sickle cell phenotype","volume":"312","author":"Hsieh","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e585","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30154-1","article-title":"Effect of donor type and conditioning regimen intensity on allogeneic transplantation outcomes in patients with sickle cell disease: a retrospective multicenter, cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Eapen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-05-715870","article-title":"A trial of unrelated donor marrow transplantation for children with severe sickle cell disease","volume":"128","author":"Shenoy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2012.01.019","article-title":"Unrelated cord blood transplantation for children with severe sickle cell disease: results from one cohort from the phase II study from the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMTCTN)","volume":"18","author":"Kamani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2400192","article-title":"Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation for sickle cell disease","volume":"4","author":"Kassim","year":"2025","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164a","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2025-164","article-title":"Reduced intensity haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in children with severe sickle cell disease (SCD): BMT CTN 1507","volume":"146","author":"Walters","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2029392","article-title":"Post-transcriptional genetic silencing of BCL11A to treat sickle cell disease","volume":"384","author":"Esrick","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2117175","article-title":"Biologic and clinical efficacy of lentiglobin for sickle cell disease","volume":"386","author":"Kanter","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309676","article-title":"Exagamglogene autotemcel for severe sickle cell disease","volume":"390","author":"Frangoul","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2504835","article-title":"Base editing of HBG1 and HBG2 promoters for sickle cell disease","volume":"394","author":"Gupta","year":"2026","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3668","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004394C","article-title":"American Society of Hematology 2021 guidelines for sickle cell disease: stem cell transplantation","volume":"5","author":"Kanter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0020","first-page":"27","article-title":"Availability of related donors for bone marrow transplantation in sickle cell anemia","volume":"16","author":"Mentzer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016618","article-title":"Normalization of cerebral hemodynamics after hematopoietic stem cell transplant in children with sickle cell disease","volume":"141","author":"Hubert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2013.60","article-title":"Sirolimus and post-transplant CY synergistically maintain mixed chimerism in a mismatched murine model","volume":"48","author":"Fitzhugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-344853","article-title":"Alternative donor transplantation after reduced intensity conditioning: results of parallel phase 2 trials using partially HLA-mismatched related bone marrow or unrelated double umbilical cord blood grafts","volume":"118","author":"Brunstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4285","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-438408","article-title":"HLA-haploidentical bone marrow transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide expands the donor pool for patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"120","author":"Bolanos-Meade","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e183","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30031-6","article-title":"Effect of increased dose of total body irradiation on graft failure associated with HLA-haploidentical transplantation in patients with severe hemoglobinopathies","volume":"4","author":"Bolanos-Meade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2025017413","article-title":"Bone marrow transplantation for sickle cell disease using post transplantation cyclophosphamide and 400 cGy TBI","volume":"10","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2026","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.08.014","article-title":"Post-transplant cyclophosphamide for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease","volume":"21","author":"Al-Homsi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023023301","article-title":"An international learning collaborative phase 2 trial for haploidentical bone marrow transplant in sickle cell disease","volume":"143","author":"Kassim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6055","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024014078","article-title":"Incremental eligibility criteria for the BMTCTN 1507 haploidentical trial for children with sickle cell disease","volume":"8","author":"John","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.95.2.314","article-title":"Informed consent, parental permission, and assent in pediatric practice. Committee on Bioethics, American Academy of Pediatrics","volume":"95","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1311707","article-title":"HLA match likelihoods for hematopoietic stem-cell grafts in the U.S. registry","volume":"371","author":"Gragert","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e325","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(17)30104-7","article-title":"Allele-level HLA matching for umbilical cord blood transplantation for non-malignant diseases in children: a retrospective analysis","volume":"7","author":"Eapen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2009.07.004","article-title":"Defining the intensity of conditioning regimens: working definitions","volume":"15","author":"Bacigalupo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023020035","article-title":"Higher abatacept exposure after transplant decreases acute GVHD risk without increasing adverse events","volume":"42","author":"Takahashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2020.04.027","article-title":"Hematopoietic cell transplantation with cryopreserved grafts for severe aplastic anemia","volume":"26","author":"Eapen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-03-081596","article-title":"Worse outcome and more chronic GVHD with peripheral blood progenitor cells than bone marrow in HLA-matched sibling donor transplants for young patients with severe acquired aplastic anemia","volume":"110","author":"Schrezenmeier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-05-354001","article-title":"Effect of stem cell source on outcomes after unrelated donor transplantation in severe aplastic anemia","volume":"118","author":"Eapen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.058","article-title":"Ex vivo modification of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for gene therapy","volume":"33","author":"Williams","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2405541","article-title":"Hematologic cancer after gene therapy for cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy","volume":"391","author":"Duncan","year":"2025","journal-title":"N J Engl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-025-01236-y","article-title":"CRISPR-based therapeutic genome editing for inherited blood diseases","volume":"24","author":"Levesque","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V65.1.183.183","article-title":"Hemoglobin S polymerization: primary determinant of the hemolytic and clinical severity of the sickling symptoms","volume":"65","author":"Brittenham","year":"1985","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199107043250103","article-title":"Pain in sickle cell disease. Rates and risk factors","volume":"325","author":"Platt","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406093302303","article-title":"Mortality in sickle cell disease. Life expectancy and risk factors for early death","volume":"330","author":"Platt","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.2.643.643","article-title":"The acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease: incidence and risk factors. The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease","volume":"84","author":"Castro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0045","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2026\/02\/05\/vertex-crispr-sickle-cell-treatment-casgevy-faces-rollout-bottleneck\/. [Accessed April 15, 2026]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6094a","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2025-6094","article-title":"Highly efficient collection and manufacture of autologous HSC gene therapy cell product for patients with sickle cell disease using a lentiviral vector containing a shmir targeting BCL11A","volume":"146","author":"Manis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27251","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after unrelated donor transplantation for severe sickle cell disease on the BMT CTN 0601 trial","volume":"99","author":"Eapen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0048","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Long-term survival after hematopoietic cell transplant for sickle cell disease compared to the United States population","volume":"325","author":"St Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019001330","article-title":"Myelodysplastic syndrome unrelated to lentiviral vector in a patient with treated with gene therapy for sickle cell disease","volume":"4","author":"Hsieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2109167","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia case after gene therapy for sickle cell disease","volume":"386","author":"Goyal","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01203","article-title":"Secondary neoplasms after hematopoietic cell transplant for sickle cell disease","volume":"41","author":"Eapen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006281","article-title":"Lifetime medical costs attributable to sickle cell disease among nonelderly individuals with commercial insurance","volume":"7","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-1520","article-title":"Gene therapy versus common care for eligible individuals with sickle cell disease in the United States","volume":"177","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.169581","article-title":"Clinical risks and health care utilization of hematopoietic cell transplantation for sickle cell disease in the USA using merged databases","volume":"102","author":"Arnold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haematologica"}],"container-title":["Cytotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1465324926008674?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1465324926008674?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:26:47Z","timestamp":1783337207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1465324926008674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1465324926008674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-3249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-3249","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Curative treatment for severe sickle cell disease: allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant or gene therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cytotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102906","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 International Society for Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102906"}}