{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:53:10Z","timestamp":1793332390449,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T21:10:45Z","timestamp":1602882645000},"page":"103497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":367,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Current uses of chlorhexidine for management of oral disease: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Zo\u00eb L.S.","family":"Brookes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Bescos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Belfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3122-6729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamran","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02664.x","article-title":"Cationic antiseptics: diversity of action under a common epithet","volume":"99","author":"Gilbert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-2812-1","article-title":"Effectiveness of herbal oral care products in reducing dental plaque and gingivitis - a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Janakiram","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0020","series-title":"The Good Practitioner\u2019s Guide to Periodontology","author":"British Periodontal Society","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0025","article-title":"Chlorhexidine mouth rinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health","volume":"3","author":"James","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0030","series-title":"Chlorhexidine","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) publication of British National Formulary (BNF)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s007840100114","article-title":"Clinical controlled study on plaque and gingivitis reduction under long-term use of low-dose chlorhexidine solutions in a population exhibiting good oral hygiene","volume":"5","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1981.tb02040.x","article-title":"Comparison of the in vivo and in vitro antibacterial properties of antiseptic mouthrinses containing chlorhexidine, alexidine, cetyl pyridinium chloride and hexetidine. Relevance to mode of action","volume":"8","author":"Roberts","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90479-9","article-title":"Prospective randomised trial of povidone-iodine, alcohol, and chlorhexidine for prevention of infection associated with central venous and arterial catheters","volume":"338","author":"Maki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.106909","article-title":"Effectiveness of a controlled release chlorhexidine chip (PerioCol\u2122-CG) as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing when compared to scaling and root planing alone in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A comparative study","volume":"16","author":"Kondreddy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050216","article-title":"A systematic review on the effects of the chlorhexidine chip when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planning in the treatment of chronic periodontitis","volume":"77","author":"Cosyn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0060","first-page":"E4","article-title":"Oral leukoedema with mucosal desquamation caused by toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulfate","volume":"97","author":"Macdonald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00587","article-title":"Resistance Toward Chlorhexidine in Oral Bacteria - Is There Cause for Concern?","volume":"10","author":"Cieplik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(98)90077-9","article-title":"The action of three antiseptics\/disinfectants against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses","volume":"38","author":"Wood","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.147","article-title":"Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance","volume":"12","author":"McDonnell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.01.022","article-title":"Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents","volume":"104","author":"Kampf","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0765-x","article-title":"Efficacy of removing Candida albicans from orthodontic acrylic bases: an in vitro study","volume":"19","author":"Ghazal","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.31245","article-title":"Antifungal Effects of Common Mouthwashes on Candida Strains Colonized in the Oral Cavities of Liver Transplant Recipients in South Iran in 2014","volume":"16","author":"Dehghani Nazhvani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepat Mon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-018-0548-1","article-title":"Oral microbiomes: more and more importance in oral cavity and whole body","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein & Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2016.865","article-title":"The oral microbiome\u2013an update for oral healthcare professionals","volume":"221","author":"Kilian","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Dental Journal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61912-4","article-title":"Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome","volume":"10","author":"Bescos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572010000500015","article-title":"Staining and calculus formation after 0.12% chlorhexidine rinses in plaque-free and plaque covered surfaces: a randomized trial","volume":"18","author":"Zanatta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098619854881","article-title":"Adverse events associated with home use of mouthrinses: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Tartaglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Adv Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2012.01883.x","article-title":"Effect of a chlorhexidine mouthrinse on plaque, gingival inflammation and staining in gingivitis patients: a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Van Strydonck","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374950090041601","article-title":"Mechanisms of Stain Formation on Teeth, in Particular Associated with Metal Ions and Antiseptics","volume":"9","author":"Addy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Advances in Dental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1985.tb00924.x","article-title":"Chemical plaque control and extrinsic tooth discoloration. A review of possible mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Eriksen","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12402","article-title":"Does chlorhexidine mouthwash, with an anti-discoloration system, reduce tooth surface discoloration without losing its efficacy? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Van Swaaij","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0140","series-title":"Report and findings of the Royal College of Anaesthetists\u2019 6th National Audit Project: Perioperative Anaphylaxis","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.01.033","article-title":"Chlorhexidine allergy in the perioperative setting: a narrative review","volume":"123","author":"Rose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2012.1086","article-title":"Chlorhexidine and hypersensitivity reactions in dentistry","volume":"213","author":"Pemberton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br Dent J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.249559","article-title":"Effects of menthol-flavored substances at the cellular level on oral mucosal sites","volume":"16","author":"Prasad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2016.08.018","article-title":"Acquired resistance to chlorhexidine - is it time to establish an\u2019 antiseptic stewardship\u2019 initiative?","volume":"94","author":"Kampf","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00587","article-title":"Resistance Toward chlorhexidine in Oral Bacteria - Is There Cause for Concern?","volume":"10","author":"Cieplik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.02.012","article-title":"Chlorhexidine exposure of clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae strains leads to acquired resistance to this disinfectant and to colistin","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2008.00064.x","article-title":"Dental caries: a dynamic disease process","volume":"53","author":"Featherstone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Australian Dental Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1998.tb00266.x","article-title":"Plaque formation and gingivitis after supervised mouth rinsing with 0.2% delmopinol hydrochloride, 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate and placebo for 6 months","volume":"4","author":"Lang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0185","article-title":"Chlorhexidine treatment for the prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents","volume":"4","author":"Walsh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0190","first-page":"215","article-title":"The effects of chlorhexidine gel on Streptococcus mutans infection in 10-month-old infants: a longitudinal, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial","volume":"25","author":"Wan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0195","article-title":"Effect of non-fluoride agents on the prevention of dental caries in primary dentition: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0200","series-title":"Drug Prescribing for-Dentistry","author":"Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP)","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0205","series-title":"Delivering better oral health: an evidence-based toolkit for prevention","author":"Public Health England (PHE)","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0210","series-title":"Mouthwashes and other preparations for oropharyngeal use","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) publication of British National Formulary (BNF)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0215","first-page":"605","article-title":"Rinsing with chlorhexidine gluconate solution after brushing and flossing teeth: a systematic review of effectiveness","volume":"37","author":"Kolahi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2017-0499","article-title":"Caries lesion remineralization with fluoride toothpastes and chlorhexidine - effects of application timing and toothpaste surfactant","volume":"26","author":"Almohefer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.10.006","article-title":"Low-abundance biofilm species orchestrates inflammatory periodontal disease through the commensal microbiota and complement","volume":"10","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13046","article-title":"An appraisal of the role of specific bacteria in the initial pathogenesis of periodontitis","volume":"46","author":"Bartold","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0235","series-title":"Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases in Primary Care Dental Clinical Guidance","author":"Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP)","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0240","article-title":"Treatment of Stage I-III Periodontitis -The EFP S3 Level Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"10","author":"Sanz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12616","article-title":"Efficacy of adjunctive anti-plaque chemical agents: a systematic review and network meta-analyses of the Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index","volume":"43","author":"Escribano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13127","article-title":"Efficacy of adjunctive anti\u2010plaque chemical agents in managing gingivitis: A systematic review and network meta\u2010analyses","volume":"46","author":"Figuero","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01260.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial therapy in periodontitis: the use of systemic antimicrobials against the subgingival biofilm","volume":"35","author":"Herrera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13230","article-title":"Adjunctive effect of locally delivered antimicrobials in periodontitis therapy. A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","author":"Herrera","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-1021-0","article-title":"Adjunctive subgingival application of chlorhexidine gel in nonsurgical periodontal treatment for chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070308","article-title":"Clinical and Microbiologic Effects of Subgingival Controlled\u2010Release Delivery of Chlorhexidine Chip in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Multicenter Study","volume":"79","author":"Paolantonio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12026","article-title":"A systematic review on the effects of local antimicrobials as adjuncts to subgingival debridement, compared with subgingival debridement alone, in the treatment of chronic periodontitis","volume":"40","author":"Matesanz-P\u00e9rez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004622.pub2","article-title":"Full-mouth disinfection for the treatment of adult chronic periodontitis","author":"Eberhard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050216","article-title":"A systematic review on the effects of the chlorhexidine chip when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis","volume":"77","author":"Cosyn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2003.8.1.99","article-title":"Local anti-infective therapy: mechanical and physical approaches. A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Hallmon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/163.5.337","article-title":"Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis-Periodontitis: A Literature Review","volume":"163","author":"Douglas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Military Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2010.01203.x","article-title":"The mouth in HIV\/AIDS: markers of disease status and management challenges for the dental profession","volume":"55","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australian Dental Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1986.57.3.141","article-title":"Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. A review of diagnosis, etiology and treatment","volume":"57","author":"Johnson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242004000300012","article-title":"Susceptibility of some oral microorganisms to chlorhexidine and paramonochlorophenol","volume":"18","author":"do Amorim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-020-0124-3","article-title":"Boon. Oral biofilms exposure to chlorhexidine results in altered microbial composition and metabolic profile","volume":"6","author":"Chatzigiannidou","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1991.62.11.649","article-title":"Reduction of Salivary Bacteria by Pre\u2010Procedural Rinses With Chlorhexidine 0.12%","volume":"62","author":"Veksler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2014.702","article-title":"Pre- and post-operative management of dental implant placement. Part 2: management of early-presenting complications","volume":"217","author":"Bryce","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br Dent J."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.2014suppl.g5.3","article-title":"The therapy of peri-implantitis: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Heitz-Mayfield","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00566.x","article-title":"Chlorhexidine spray versus mouthwash in the control of dental plaque after implant surgery","volume":"31","author":"Francetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2761-y","article-title":"Efficacy of chlorhexidine rinses after periodontal or implant surgery: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Solderer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.10.1118","article-title":"Clinical response to 2 different therapeutic regimens to treat peri-implant mucositis","volume":"73","author":"Porras","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12006","article-title":"Treatment of peri-implantitis using multiple applications of chlorhexidine chips: a double-blind, randomized multi-centre clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Machtei","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-015-0023-1","article-title":"Efficacy of alternative or adjunctive measures to conventional treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Schwarz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Implant Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12419","article-title":"Implant decontamination with 2% chlorhexidine during surgical peri-implantitis treatment: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"de Waal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0365","first-page":"e6944","article-title":"Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Review","volume":"12","author":"Aldhalaan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0370","series-title":"Oral Health Management of Patients at Risk of Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Dental Clinical Guidance","author":"Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP)","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0375","series-title":"Dental Management of Patients Prescribed Bisphosphonates - Clinical Guidance","author":"NHS England","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0380","first-page":"2684924","article-title":"The Dental Management of Patients at Risk of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: New Paradigm of Primary Prevention","author":"Di Fede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.04.031","article-title":"American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw-2014 update","volume":"72","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0390","article-title":"Interventions for treating bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ)","volume":"2","author":"Rollason","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0215-0","article-title":"Infective endocarditis: innovations in the management of an old disease","volume":"16","author":"Lung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0400","series-title":"NICE Guideline 64. Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis: Antimicrobial prophylaxis against infective endocarditis in adults and children undergoing interventional procedures","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2012-049","article-title":"A comparative study of amoxicillin, clindamycin and chlorhexidine in the prevention of post-extraction bacteraemia","volume":"23","author":"Maharaj","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440050059007","article-title":"An analysis of bacteremias during dental extractions. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of chlorhexidine","volume":"156","author":"Lockhart","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195592","article-title":"Does chlorhexidine reduce bacteremia following tooth extraction? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Arteagoitia","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0420","series-title":"Antibiotic Prophylaxis Against Infective Endocarditis Implementation Advice","author":"Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP)","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.06.035","article-title":"Effectiveness of endodontic disinfecting solutions against young and old Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in dentin canals","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Endod."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0430","article-title":"Irrigants for non-surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth","author":"Fedorowicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.12.021","article-title":"The Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine as Irrigant Solutions for Root Canal Disinfection: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials","volume":"42","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.4103\/JCD.JCD_43_19","article-title":"Evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of 20% Punica granatum, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite used alone or in combinations against Enterococcus faecalis: An in-vitro study","volume":"22","author":"Mallya","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2006.01121.x","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of microbial reduction after chemo-mechanical preparation of human root canals containing necrotic pulp tissue","volume":"39","author":"Vianna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Endod J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402006000400009","article-title":"Influence of sodium hypochlorite-based irrigants on the susceptibility of intracanal microbiota to biomechanical preparation","volume":"17","author":"Soares","year":"2006","journal-title":"Braz Dent J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2014.204","article-title":"Irrigation in endodontics","volume":"216","author":"Haapasalo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0460","first-page":"585","article-title":"Dental abscess: A microbiological review","volume":"10","author":"Shweta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0465","series-title":"Post\u2013operative Mouth Care following Oral Surgery","author":"British Association oral surgeons","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0470","author":"Faculty of General Dental practice (FGDP)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0475","first-page":"e750","article-title":"Efficacy of different methods used for dry socket prevention and risk factor analysis: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Taberner-Vallverd\u00fa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir Bucal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0480","article-title":"Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket)","volume":"12","author":"Daly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.05.009","article-title":"Prevention of alveolar osteitis with chlorhexidine: a meta-analytic review","volume":"99","author":"Caso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2018.44.2.52","article-title":"Dry Socket Etiology, Diagnosis, and Clinical Treatment Techniques","volume":"44","author":"Mamoun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2010.01968.x","article-title":"Effectiveness of chlorhexidine on the disinfection of complete dentures colonised with fluconazole\u2010resistant Candida albicans, in vitro study","volume":"54","author":"Mima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0500","series-title":"Candida - oral. Management","author":"National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0505","series-title":"Antifungal Therapy","author":"Faculty of general Dental practice","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0510","first-page":"271","article-title":"Antifungal activity of chlorhexidine on Candida spp. biofilm","volume":"39","author":"Machado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista de Odontologia da UNESP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0515","first-page":"153","article-title":"Use of chlorhexidine gel (0.2%) to control gingivitis and candida species colonization in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Machado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0520","series-title":"Antiviral Therapy","author":"Faculty of general Dental practice","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345900690030901","article-title":"In vitro virucidal effectiveness of a 0.12%- chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse","volume":"69","author":"Bernstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Dent Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2009.56","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of HM-242, a novel antiseptic compound","volume":"62","author":"Okunishi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antibiot (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2004.0207","article-title":"Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: a brief review of the literature and infection control implications","volume":"135","author":"Harrel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10026-1056","article-title":"Evaluation of minimum required safe distance between two consecutive dental chairs for optimal asepsis","volume":"1","author":"Chiramana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Orofacial Research."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2019.06.024","article-title":"Efficacy of preprocedural mouthrinses in the reduction of microorganisms in aerosol: A systematic review","volume":"150","author":"Marui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/60694","volume":"53","author":"Mohan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dental and Medical Problems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.120616","article-title":"Efficacy of preprocedural mouth rinsing in reducing aerosol contamination produced by ultrasonic scaler: a pilot study","volume":"85","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.99264","article-title":"Efficacy of 0.2% tempered chlorhexidine as a pre-procedural mouth rinse: A clinical study","volume":"16","author":"Reddy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0565","series-title":"Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings. Recommendations and Reports 2003\/52(RR17) 1-61","author":"Kohn","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0570","first-page":"e2","article-title":"Common Mouthwashes for Pre-procedural Rinsing in Dental Practice: Which One is Appropriate for Eliminating Coronaviruses? A Mini Literature Review","volume":"5","author":"Farzan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Regeneration, Reconstruction and Restoration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-020-0074-x","article-title":"High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0580","series-title":"Saliva as a non-invasive sample for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review","author":"Khurshid","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2020","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03248-x","article-title":"Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis","volume":"24","author":"Sabino-Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Oral Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e195","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e195","article-title":"Clinical Significance of a High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva","volume":"35","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-020-0075-9","article-title":"Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/function\/zqaa002","article-title":"Potential role of oral rinses targeting the viral lipid envelope in SARS-CoV-2 infection","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1308\/204268513X13776914744952","article-title":"The oral management of oncology patients requiring radiotherapy, chemotherapy and\/or bone marrow transplantation","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Faculty Dental Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17008","DOI":"10.1038\/bdjteam.2017.8","article-title":"Dental care of cancer patients before, during and after treatment","volume":"4","author":"Harding","year":"2017","journal-title":"BDJ Team"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12549","article-title":"Efficacy of chlorhexidine for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients: a systematic review with meta-analyses","volume":"46","author":"Cardona","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0620","first-page":"3949","article-title":"Systematic review of basic oral care for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients and clinical practice guidelines","volume":"27","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1391","article-title":"Do cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced leukopenia benefit from an antiseptic chlorhexidine-based oral rinse? A double-blind, block-randomized, controlled study","volume":"53","author":"Pitten","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-117X(79)80059-1","article-title":"The use of chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinses in patients with inter-maxillary fixation","volume":"17","author":"Nash","year":"1979","journal-title":"British Journal of Oral Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/6.2.137","article-title":"Chlorhexidine and traumatic ulcers in orthodontic patients","volume":"6","author":"Shaw","year":"1984","journal-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01300355","article-title":"The influence of a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse on plaque regrowth in orthodontic patients. A randomized prospective study. Part II: Bacteriological parameters","volume":"61","author":"Gehlen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0645","first-page":"247","article-title":"The influence of different types of brackets and efficacy of two chlorhexidine mouthwashes on oral hygiene and the incidence of white spot lesions in adolescents during the orthodontic therapy","volume":"28","author":"Juri\u0161i\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12163","article-title":"The antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine varnish on mutans streptococci in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances: a systematic review of clinical efficacy","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1179\/1465313313Y.0000000088","article-title":"An assessment of the effectiveness of mechanical and chemical cleaning of Essix orthodontic retainer","volume":"41","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0660","series-title":"Fixed Appliances","author":"British Orthodontic Society Patient Leaflet","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12553","article-title":"A cross sectional study to evaluate the oral health status of children with intellectual disabilities in the National Capital Region of India (Delhi\u2010NCR)","volume":"63","author":"Makkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2016.v106i6.11006","article-title":"Dental needs of intellectualy disabled children attending six special educational facilities in Cape Town","volume":"106","author":"Roberts","year":"2016","journal-title":"S Afr Med J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0675","series-title":"Clinical Guidelines and Integrated Care Pathways for the Oral Health Care of People with Learning Disabilities","author":"The Royal College of Surgeons of England","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12576","article-title":"Efficacy of caries and gingivitis prevention strategies among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"63","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030057122030244X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030057122030244X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:33:08Z","timestamp":1759537988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030057122030244X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":136,"alternative-id":["S030057122030244X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current uses of chlorhexidine for management of oral disease: a narrative review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dentistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103497"}}