{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T19:07:53Z","timestamp":1776712073233,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T23:10:03Z","timestamp":1664665803000},"page":"104317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Three-dimensional characterization of naturally developed early caries lesions using high-resolution micro-computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3626-6866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athbi","family":"Alqareer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7915-1164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam","family":"Baghdady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Alyahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2005.05.010","article-title":"Utility of radiology, laser fluorescence, and transillumination","volume":"49","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0002","series-title":"Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation","first-page":"270","article-title":"Dental Caries","author":"Wenzel","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000260568","article-title":"Radiographic diagnosis and clinical tissue changes in relation to treatment of approximal carious lesions","volume":"16","author":"Bille","year":"1982","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0004","first-page":"19","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic appearance of proximal carious lesions at the time of operative treatment in young permanent teeth","volume":"94","author":"Mejare","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scand. J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0005","first-page":"245","article-title":"Diagnosis of approximal caries: radiographic versus clinical examination using tooth separation","volume":"5","author":"De Araujo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Dent."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000261500","article-title":"An in vivo comparison of radiographic and directly assessed clinical caries status of posterior approximal surfaces in primary and permanent teeth","volume":"26","author":"Pitts","year":"1992","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1159\/000262336","article-title":"Cavitation at radiolucent areas on proximal surfaces of posterior teeth","volume":"30","author":"Akpata","year":"1996","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000016454","article-title":"Reliability of visual examination, fibre-optic transillumination, and bite-wing radiography, and reproducibility of direct visual examination following tooth separation for the identification of cavitated carious lesions in contacting approximal surfaces","volume":"32","author":"Hintze","year":"1998","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0009","first-page":"157","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic yields of clinical and radiographic caries examinations in children of different age","volume":"5","author":"Machiulskiene","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000224213","article-title":"Lesion activity assessment","volume":"21","author":"Ekstrand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Monogr. Oral Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(00)00074-1","article-title":"Distribution and volumetric assessment of initial approximal caries lesions in human premolars and permanent molars using computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction","volume":"45","author":"Arnold","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Oral. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2007.06.001","article-title":"Characterisation of enamel white spot lesions using X-ray micro-tomography","volume":"35","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2011.09.002","article-title":"Validity of MicroCT for in vitro detection of proximal carious lesions in primary molars","volume":"40","author":"Soviero","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512444127","article-title":"Enamel lesion parameter correlations between polychromatic micro-CT and TMR","volume":"91","author":"Hamba","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1159\/000070865","article-title":"Longitudinal study of the three-dimensional development of subsurface enamel lesions during in vitro demineralisation","volume":"37","author":"Dowker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1159\/000080580","article-title":"Synchrotron x-ray microtomographic investigation of mineral concentrations at micrometre scale in sound and carious enamel","volume":"38","author":"Dowker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1159\/000499186","article-title":"Microcomputed tomography calibration using polymers and minerals for enamel mineral content quantitation","volume":"28","author":"Alyahya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2004.05.011","article-title":"X-ray microtomographic study of mineral concentration distribution in deciduous enamel","volume":"49","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Oral. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.25.113","article-title":"Mineral concentration of natural human teeth by a commercial micro-CT","volume":"25","author":"Clementino-Luedemann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dent. Mater. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510378429","article-title":"Application of polychromatic microCT for mineral density determination","volume":"90","author":"Zou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511429570","article-title":"An X-ray microtomographic study of natural white-spot enamel lesions","volume":"91","author":"Cochrane","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2016.01.012","article-title":"Quantitative characterization and micro-CT mineral mapping of natural fissural enamel lesions","volume":"46","author":"Shahmoradi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1159\/000099323","article-title":"Surface layer erosion of natural caries lesions with phosphoric and hydrochloric acid gels in preparation for resin infiltration","volume":"41","author":"Meyer-Lueckel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10091889","article-title":"Characterization of enamel and dentine about a white spot lesion: mechanical properties, mineral density, microstructure and molecular composition","volume":"10","author":"Sadyrin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2016.11.007","article-title":"Micro-CT analysis of naturally arrested brown spot enamel lesions","volume":"56","author":"Shahmoradi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345860650010201","article-title":"The nature of early caries lesions in enamel","volume":"65","author":"Arends","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000260140","article-title":"Influence of pH and demineralization time on mineral content, thickness of surface layer and depth of artifical caries lesions","volume":"9","author":"Groeneveld","year":"1975","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2010.07.005","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of the visual caries classification system ICDAS II versus radiography and micro-computed tomography for proximal caries detection: an in vitro study","volume":"38","author":"Mitropoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0029","unstructured":"H. Hintze, Lussi, F, Cuisinier, F., Nyvad, B., Additional Caries Detection Methods, in: O. Fejerskov, Nyvad, B., Kidd, E. (Ed.), Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Clinical Management, Wiley-Blackwell2015, p. 215."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510376046","article-title":"New approaches to enhanced remineralization of tooth enamel","volume":"89","author":"Cochrane","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1159\/000275917","article-title":"Inhibition of caries progression by resin infiltration in situ","volume":"44","author":"Paris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000224225","article-title":"Glossary of key terms","volume":"21","author":"Longbottom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Monogr. Oral Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0033","first-page":"663","article-title":"Closing the gap between oral hygiene and minimally invasive dentistry: a review on the resin infiltration technique of incipient (proximal) enamel lesions","volume":"40","author":"Kielbassa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0034","first-page":"285","article-title":"Chemical and structural challenges in remineralization of dental enamel lesions","volume":"97","author":"Larsen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand. J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374940080020401","article-title":"In vivo caries models\u2013mechanisms for caries initiation and arrestment","volume":"8","author":"Thylstrup","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2019.08.020","article-title":"Evidence-based clinical practice guideline on antibiotic use for the urgent management of pulpal- and periapical-related dental pain and intraoral swelling: a report from the American Dental Association","volume":"150","author":"Lockhart","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000275573","article-title":"Treatment of proximal superficial caries lesions on primary molar teeth with resin infiltration and fluoride varnish versus fluoride varnish only: efficacy after 1 year","volume":"44","author":"Ekstrand","year":"2010","journal-title":"Caries Res."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104444","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300571222003724?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300571222003724?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T02:57:17Z","timestamp":1704250637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300571222003724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0300571222003724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104444","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0300-5712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Three-dimensional characterization of naturally developed early caries lesions using high-resolution micro-computed tomography","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dentistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104317","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104317"}}