{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T20:59:11Z","timestamp":1793739551971,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T12:20:47Z","timestamp":1711714847000},"page":"104973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Remineralizing effect of the association of nano-hydroxyapatite and fluoride in the treatment of initial lesions of the enamel: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Mari\u00e1ngela","family":"Ivette Guanipa Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Gomes de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane","family":"de Melo Alencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1vio Henrique","family":"Baggio Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5457-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Alves Nunes Leite Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148676","article-title":"Home oral care with biomimetic hydroxyapatite vs. conventional fluoridated toothpaste for the remineralization and desensitizing of white spot lesions: randomized clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Butera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0002","first-page":"696","article-title":"Improving oral health: a short-term split-mouth randomized clinical trial revealing the superiority of resin infiltration over remineralization of white spot lesions","volume":"51","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12787","article-title":"Remineralization and fluoride uptake of white spot lesions under dental varnishes","volume":"65","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0004","article-title":"Systematic review on white spot lesions treatments","author":"Puleio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1159\/000510180","article-title":"Effects of additional use of bioactive glasses or a hydroxyapatite toothpaste on remineralization of artificial lesions in vitro","volume":"54","author":"K\u00f6rner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0006","first-page":"21","article-title":"Artificial methods for the remineralization of hydroxyapatite in enamel","author":"Clift","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Today Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12391","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12391","article-title":"Effectiveness of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate-containing products in the prevention and treatment of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Pithon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Investig. Clin. Dent."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03076-x","article-title":"Comparison of therapies of white spot lesions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"January","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2019.03.006","article-title":"Chitosan-bioglass complexes promote subsurface remineralisation of incipient human carious enamel lesions","volume":"84","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1159\/000493031","article-title":"State of the art enamel remineralization systems: the next frontier in caries management","volume":"53","author":"Philip","year":"2019","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5629","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095629","article-title":"Nano-Hydroxyapatite (nHAp) in the remineralization of early dental caries: a scoping review","volume":"19","author":"Anil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Heal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10010140","article-title":"Nanoparticles as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and remineralizing agents in oral care cosmetics: a review of the current situation","volume":"10","author":"Carrouel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst11060674","article-title":"Dental Applications of systems based on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles-an evidence-based update","volume":"11","author":"Balhuc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-021-00381-5","article-title":"Bionic effects of nano hydroxyapatite dentifrice on demineralised surface of enamel post orthodontic debonding: in-vivo split mouth study","volume":"22","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Orthod."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1159\/000438466","article-title":"Effect of an experimental paste with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and fluoride on dental demineralisation and remineralisation in situ","volume":"49","author":"Souza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0016","first-page":"292","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of the remineralizing potential of different calcium and fluoride-based delivery systems on artificially demineralized enamel surface; an in vitro study","volume":"25","author":"Gore","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Conserv. Dent."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2022.101746","article-title":"Effectiveness-of Calcium Phosphate derivative agents on the prevention and remineralization of caries among children- A systematic review & meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"22","author":"Singal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Evid. Based. Dent. Pract."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.24.6.048-055.oar","article-title":"Efficacy of fluoride associated with nano-hydroxyapatite in reducing enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets: in situ study","volume":"24","author":"Demito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dental. Press. J. Orthod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0019","first-page":"33","article-title":"Remineralizing effect of commercial fluoride varnishes on artificial enamel lesions","author":"de Godoi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04390-4","article-title":"Efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite on caries prevention\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Wierichs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0021","article-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.4 (updated August 2023)","author":"Higgins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2021.101542","article-title":"Compliance of randomized clinical trials on dental caries prevention methods with the consort statement: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Ortiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Evid. Based. Dent. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ciresp.2013.08.002","article-title":"Sistema GRADE: clasificaci\u00f3n de la calidad de la evidencia y graduaci\u00f3n de la fuerza de la recomendaci\u00f3n [GRADE system: classification of quality of evidence and strength of recommendation]","volume":"92","author":"Aguayo-Albasini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cir. Esp."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0024","first-page":"e641","article-title":"The effects of three remineralizing agents on regression of white spot lesions in children: a two-week, single-blind, randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.226532","article-title":"Effectiveness of MI Paste Plus and Remin Pro on remineralization and color improvement of postorthodontic white spot lesions","volume":"15","author":"Heravi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent. Res. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3335","article-title":"Evaluation of remineralization potential of remin pro forte vs remin pro on white spot lesions: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Aboulnaga","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Dent. Pract."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03610-z","article-title":"Effectiveness of remineralizing agents in the prevention and reversal of orthodontically induced white spot lesions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03931-7","article-title":"Efficacy of resin infiltration to mask post-orthodontic or non-post-orthodontic white spot lesions or fluorosis \u2014 A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Bourouni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2020.101405","article-title":"Effect of resin infiltration technique on improving surface hardness of enamel lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Zakizade","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Evid. Based. Dent. Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13040254","article-title":"Crystallographic and physicochemical analysis of bovine and human teeth using X-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance","volume":"13","author":"Hiraishi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0031","first-page":"e425","article-title":"The effect of combining laser and nanohydroxy-apatite on the surface properties of enamel with initial defects","volume":"10","author":"El Assal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.266096","article-title":"Remineralization potential of dentifrice containing nanohydroxyapatite on artificial carious lesions of enamel: a comparative in vitro study","volume":"16","author":"Manchery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent. Res. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14299","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of different remineralisation agents on initial enamel lesions by scanning electron microscope and energy-distributed X-ray analysis","volume":"75","author":"Kilic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-021-00675-4","article-title":"The use of hydroxyapatite toothpaste to prevent dental caries","volume":"110","author":"O'Hagan-Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Odontology."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1159\/000331207","article-title":"Remineralization potential of nano-hydroxyapatite on initial enamel lesions: an in vitro study","volume":"45","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21545-1","article-title":"Influence of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the formation of calcium fluoride surface layer on enamel and dentine in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Rodemer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernando J.R., Walker G.D., Kwan T., et al. Comparison of calcium \u2011 based technologies to remineralise enamel subsurface lesions using microradiography and microhardness. 2022:1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13905-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.39.2.yn2r54nw24l03741","article-title":"Effect of three different pastes on remineralization of initial enamel lesion: an in vitro study","volume":"39","author":"Vyavhare","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.15171\/joddd.2017.003","article-title":"Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste on microhardness ofartificial carious lesions created on extracted teeth","volume":"11","author":"Ebadifar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res. Dent. Clin. Dent. Prospect."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0040","first-page":"85","article-title":"In vitro effects of nano-hydroxyapatite paste on initial enamel carious lesions - PubMed","volume":"36","author":"De Carvalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dent."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2258","article-title":"Comparison between fluoride and nano-hydroxyapatite in remineralizing initial enamel lesion: an in vitro study","volume":"19","author":"Daas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Dent. Pr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2011.03.008","article-title":"Enamel and dentine remineralization by nano-hydroxyapatite toothpastes","volume":"39","author":"Tschoppe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dent."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030057122400143X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030057122400143X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:51:27Z","timestamp":1777546287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030057122400143X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S030057122400143X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Remineralizing effect of the association of nano-hydroxyapatite and fluoride in the treatment of initial lesions of the enamel: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dentistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.104973","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104973"}}