{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T18:10:56Z","timestamp":1769883056756,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T07:29:50Z","timestamp":1762068590000},"page":"106206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A novel measurement method to estimate the risk of transmitting airborne diseases during dental treatments"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"164","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7511-7498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Rese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1563-0967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florentina Sophie","family":"Melzow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0541-3763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabell","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1788-276X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Lommel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8440-7003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kira Sophia","family":"Martinus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1594-1295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Kertzscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1302-8761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Paris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211015948","article-title":"Sources of SARS-CoV-2 and other microorganisms in dental aerosols","volume":"100","author":"Meethil","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345221087880","article-title":"Particle size, mass concentration, and microbiota in dental aerosols","volume":"101","author":"Rafiee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02155-9","article-title":"Aerosol exposure of staff during dental treatments: a model study","volume":"22","author":"Melzow","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC. Oral Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.03.002","article-title":"Use of ATP bioluminescence to survey the spread of aerosol and splatter during dental treatments","volume":"99","author":"Watanabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hospital Inf."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0005","first-page":"203","article-title":"Dental bioaerosol as an occupational hazard in a dentist's workplace","volume":"14","author":"Szymanska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals Agric. Environ. Medic."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c01522","article-title":"Accurate representations of the microphysical processes occurring during the transport of exhaled aerosols and droplets","volume":"7","author":"Walker","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS. Cent. Sci."},{"issue":"6935","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6935.1015","article-title":"Salivary diagnosis of measles: a study of notified cases in the United Kingdom, 1991-3","volume":"308","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2006.00865.x","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus in oral diseases","volume":"41","author":"Slots","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Periodont. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2020.1762040","article-title":"Dental aerosols: microbial composition and spatial distribution","volume":"12","author":"Zemouri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-007-9770-7","article-title":"Measurement of particle concentrations in a dental office","volume":"137","author":"Sotiriou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.107388","article-title":"Exposure of staff to aerosols and bioaerosols in a dental office","volume":"187","author":"Polednik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2021.0049","article-title":"How did we get here: what are droplets and aerosols and how far do they go? A historical perspective on the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases","volume":"11","author":"Randall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interface Focus."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2008.11.002","article-title":"Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities","volume":"40","author":"Morawska","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Aerosol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0076572","article-title":"Evaporation flow characteristics of airborne sputum droplets with solid fraction: effects of humidity field evolutions","volume":"33","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2009.00626.x","article-title":"Some questions on dispersion of human exhaled droplets in ventilation room: answers from numerical investigation","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indoor. Air."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12297","article-title":"Evaporation and dispersion of respiratory droplets from coughing","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indoor. Air."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345690480012401","article-title":"Studies on dental aerobiology: I. Bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures","volume":"48","author":"Micik","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30196-1","article-title":"Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study","volume":"20","author":"To","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0019","series-title":"The Front Line: Visualizing the Occupations with the Highest COVID-19 Risk","first-page":"2025","author":"Lu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0020","series-title":"The Impact of COVID-19 On Access to Dental care: a Report from the 2021 Adult Oral Health Survey","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0021","unstructured":"D'Italia Governo: Indicazioni operative per L\u2019ATTIVIT\u00c0 Odontoiatrica Durante La Pandemia COVID-19 \u2013 REVISIONE 2022. Italy. July 2022. Available at: https:\/\/portale.fnomceo.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Allegato_1_-_indicaz_operative_rev_2022.pdf. Accessed July 20, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0022","unstructured":"CBC-News: Coronavirus COVID-19: march 23, Canada & World. Canda. March 23, 2020 Available at: https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/coronavirus-covid19-march23-canada-world-1.5506430. Accessed July 20, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0023","unstructured":"Premier ministre \u00c9douard Philippe de France: pr\u00e9sentation du projet de loi d'urgence pour faire face \u00e0 l'\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de Covid-19. Franz. March 21, 2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.info.gouv.fr\/discours\/11459-presentation-du-projet-de-loi-durgence-pour-faire-face-a-l-epidemie-de-covid-19. Accessed July 20, 2025."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12860","article-title":"Novel measurement system for respiratory aerosols and droplets in indoor environments","volume":"31","author":"Lommel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indoor. Air."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5601","DOI":"10.3390\/app14135601","article-title":"Experimental device to evaluate aerosol dispersion in venues","volume":"14","author":"Schulz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0026","article-title":"Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff","volume":"4","author":"Verbeek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database System. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520920580","article-title":"COVID-19 transmission in dental practice: brief review of preventive measures in Italy","volume":"99","author":"Izzetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.727","article-title":"Novel use of riboflavin as a fluorescent tracer in the dissemination of aerosol and splatter in an open operatory dental clinic","volume":"9","author":"Emery","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s21113928","article-title":"Methodology for addressing infectious aerosol persistence in real-time using sensor network","author":"Makhsous","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03725-1","article-title":"Visualization of airborne droplets generated with dental handpieces and verification of the efficacy of high-volume evacuators: an in vitro study","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC. Oral Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246543","article-title":"Aerosol generation and control in the dental operatory: an in vitro spectrometric study of typical clinical setups","volume":"16","author":"Kun-Szab\u00f3","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11461","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211032885","article-title":"Dental mitigation strategies to reduce aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"100","author":"Vernon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.107307","article-title":"Transmission risk of infectious droplets in physical spreading process at different times: a review","volume":"185","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520979644","article-title":"Mechanisms of atomization from rotary dental instruments and its mitigation","volume":"100","author":"Sergis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8455193","article-title":"Mucin biosynthesis and secretion in the respiratory tract","volume":"55","author":"Spicer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0036","first-page":"1","article-title":"A clinical study measuring dental aerosols with and without a high-volume extraction device","author":"Nulty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211056287","article-title":"Local exhaust ventilation to control dental aerosols and droplets","volume":"101","author":"Allison","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300571225006517?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300571225006517?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T04:04:45Z","timestamp":1769832285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300571225006517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0300571225006517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A novel measurement method to estimate the risk of transmitting airborne diseases during dental treatments","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dentistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106206","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106206"}}