{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T22:03:18Z","timestamp":1793916198229,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFC2510700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2510700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022ZDZX0031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZDZX0031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:18:14Z","timestamp":1773245894000},"page":"106627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prediction of facial profiles following orthodontic treatment in adult Class III patients using deep neural networks with feature fusion"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Zhengzheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8320-2406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.02.024","article-title":"Psychosocial impact of dental esthetics regulates motivation to seek orthodontic treatment","volume":"150","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2023.05.021","article-title":"Psychological impact and perceptions of orthodontic treatment of adult patients with different motivations","volume":"164","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.11.021","article-title":"Accuracy of computer-aided prediction in soft tissue changes after orthodontic treatment","volume":"156","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05077-0","article-title":"Accuracy in predicting soft tissue changes of orthodontic class III cases using Dolphin\u00ae software","volume":"27","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging10060134","article-title":"Accuracy of digital imaging software to predict soft tissue changes during orthodontic treatment","volume":"10","author":"Nakornnoi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.02.003","article-title":"A comparison of current prediction imaging programs","volume":"125","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn025","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes after vertical ramus osteotomy","volume":"30","author":"Naoumova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2319\/050208-247.1","article-title":"Prediction of lip response to four first premolar extractions in white female adolescents and adults","volume":"79","author":"Hodges","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.2319\/072911-475.1","article-title":"Importance of the vertical incisor relationship in the prediction of the soft tissue profile after Class III bimaxillary surgery","volume":"82","author":"Jakobsone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90144-6","article-title":"A soft-tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning. Part I","volume":"84","author":"Holdaway","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2024.102004","article-title":"Dynasmile: video-based smile analysis software in orthodontics","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69314-6","article-title":"Clinical audit of an artificial intelligence (AI) empowered smile simulation system: a prospective clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Adel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2021.03.017","article-title":"Machine learning in orthodontics: automated facial analysis of vertical dimension for increased precision and efficiency","volume":"161","author":"Rousseau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105735","article-title":"Comparison of deep learning models for facial attractiveness assessment on 3D photos","volume":"157","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"issue":"7553","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"521","author":"LeCun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2022.102444","article-title":"Recent advances and clinical applications of deep learning in medical image analysis","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.2319\/111823-767.1","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment outcome predictive performance differences between artificial intelligence and conventional methods","volume":"94","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105570","article-title":"Research of orthodontic soft tissue profile prediction based on conditional generative adversarial networks","volume":"154","author":"Gong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345221106676","article-title":"Deep learning\u2013based prediction of the 3D postorthodontic facial changes","volume":"101","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-06060-z","article-title":"The impact of dentofacial characteristics and malocclusions on dissatisfaction with dentofacial appearance","volume":"28","author":"\u0130nce-Bing\u00f6l","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0021","article-title":"Effects of individuals\u2019 esthetic expectations and the classifications of dentofacial deformities on patients\u2019 depression: a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1996.tb00893.x","article-title":"Diagnosis and mode of treatment for \u2018pseudo\u2019-class III patients and its effects on masticatory movements","volume":"23","author":"Hochman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2319\/111517-787.1","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation method: a user's guide","volume":"88","author":"McNamara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0024","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"770","article-title":"Deep residual learning for image recognition","author":"He","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90492-4","article-title":"The influence of lip thickness and strain on upper lip response to incisor retraction","volume":"82","author":"Oliver","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90391-X","article-title":"Soft-tissue profile changes resulting from retraction of maxillary incisors","volume":"91","author":"Talass","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95002-w","article-title":"Development of novel artificial intelligence systems to predict facial morphology after orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment in Japanese patients","volume":"11","author":"Tanikawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(58)90178-7","article-title":"The integumental profile","volume":"44","author":"Burstone","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57669-x","article-title":"Predicting orthognathic surgery results as postoperative lateral cephalograms using graph neural networks and diffusion models","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.01.029","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of an adult with a skeletal Class III malocclusion combined with a functional anterior shift, severely overclosed vertical dimension, and a reverse smile","volume":"157","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2024.01.005","article-title":"Accuracy of Dolphin Imaging software in predicting soft tissue changes of Class II Division 1 incisor relationship treated by all first premolar extraction compared with post-treatment lateral cephalogram","volume":"13","author":"Maniyar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. World Fed. Orthod."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.12.012","article-title":"Accuracy of three-dimensional soft tissue simulation in bimaxillary osteotomies","volume":"43","author":"Liebregts","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.2319\/091312-730.1","article-title":"Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage","volume":"83","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.09.040","article-title":"Comparison of treatment effects after total mandibular arch distalization with miniscrews vs ramal plates in patients with Class III malocclusion","volume":"161","author":"Yeon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70172-6","article-title":"Cortical bone remodeling\/tooth movement ratio during maxillary incisor retraction with tip versus torque movements","volume":"114","author":"Vardimon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2319\/022920-146.1","article-title":"Alveolar bone response to maxillary incisor retraction using stable skeletal structures as a reference","volume":"91","author":"Eksriwong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12469","article-title":"Alveolar cortical plate changes associated with incisor retraction and its influence on the limits of orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"24","author":"Elnagar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(93)70010-L","article-title":"Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Part I","volume":"103","author":"Arnett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81791-3","article-title":"Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning\u2014part II","volume":"103","author":"Arnett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2021.04.001","article-title":"Three-dimensional virtual planning in mandibular advancement surgery: soft tissue prediction based on deep learning","volume":"49","author":"ter Horst","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2005.04.005","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics","volume":"11","author":"Baccetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin. Orthod."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627_bib0042","first-page":"177","article-title":"Growth changes in the soft tissue facial profile","volume":"60","author":"Nanda","year":"1990","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."}],"container-title":["Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030057122600299X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030057122600299X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T08:05:40Z","timestamp":1776153940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030057122600299X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S030057122600299X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prediction of facial profiles following orthodontic treatment in adult Class III patients using deep neural networks with feature fusion","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dentistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2026.106627","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106627"}}