{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:46:05Z","timestamp":1791099965022,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jdsjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dermatological Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,20]],"date-time":"2007-06-20T07:19:19Z","timestamp":1182323959000},"page":"21-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Staphylococcal exfoliative toxins: \u201cMolecular scissors\u201d of bacteria that attack the cutaneous defense barrier in mammals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Koji","family":"Nishifuji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoyuki","family":"Sugai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Amagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib1","series-title":"Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine","first-page":"878","article-title":"Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome","author":"Resnick","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197005142822002","article-title":"The staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: development of an experimental model","volume":"282","author":"Melish","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/81385","article-title":"Toxin in bullous impetigo and staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome targets desmoglein 1","volume":"6","author":"Amagai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01751.x","article-title":"Staphylococcal exfoliative toxin B specifically cleaves desmoglein 1","volume":"118","author":"Amagai","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5835","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5835-5845.2002","article-title":"Identification of the Staphylococcus aureus etd pathogenicity island which encodes a novel exfoliative toxin, ETD, and EDIN-B","volume":"70","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2005.08.003","article-title":"Staphylococcus hyicus exfoliative toxins selectively digest porcine desmoglein 1","volume":"39","author":"Fudaba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2005.00474.x","article-title":"Cloning of swine desmoglein 1 and its direct proteolysis by Staphylococcus hyicus exfoliative toxins isolated from pigs with exudative epidermitis","volume":"16","author":"Nishifuji","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.2.224","article-title":"Clinical, microbial, and biochemical aspects of the exfoliative toxins causing staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Ladhani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1890-1893.2005","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome depend on serotypes of exfoliative toxins","volume":"43","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7760","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7760-7771.2001","article-title":"Complete nucleotide sequence of a Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin B plasmid and identification of a novel ADP-ribosyltransferase, EDIN-C","volume":"69","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02169.x","article-title":"Phage conversion of exfoliative toxin A production in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"38","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02481.x","article-title":"An exfoliative toxin A-converting phage isolated from Staphylococcus aureus strain ZM","volume":"44","author":"Yoshizawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1021\/bi962614f","article-title":"The structure of the superantigen exfoliative toxin A suggests a novel regulation as a serine protease","volume":"36","author":"Vath","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12613668","article-title":"Adhesion molecules. I. Keratinocyte\u2013keratinocyte interactions; cadherins and pemphigus","volume":"104","author":"Amagai","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00085.x","article-title":"Lack of mucosal involvement in pemphigus foliaceus may be due to low expression of desmoglein 1","volume":"110","author":"Shirakata","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2006.00391.x","article-title":"Delineation of diversified desmoglein distribution in stratified squamous epithelia: implications in diseases","volume":"15","author":"Mahoney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2006.00061.x","article-title":"Desmoglein 4 is expressed in highly differentiated keratinocytes and trichocytes in human epidermis and hair follicle","volume":"74","author":"Bazzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.7","article-title":"Desmoglein as a target in autoimmunity and infection","volume":"48","author":"Amagai","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra061111","article-title":"Pemphigus, bullous impetigo, and the staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome","volume":"355","author":"Stanley","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20480","article-title":"Defining the pathogenic involvement of desmoglein 4 in pemphigus and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Nagasaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01410.x","article-title":"Distribution of the exfoliative toxin D gene in clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in France","volume":"12","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215766","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of blister formation in bullous impetigo and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome","volume":"110","author":"Hanakawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12362.x","article-title":"Calcium-dependent conformation of desmoglein 1 is required for its cleavage by exfoliative toxin","volume":"121","author":"Hanakawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5268","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311087200","article-title":"Enzymatic and molecular characteristics of the efficiency and specificity of exfoliative toxin cleavage of desmoglein 1","volume":"279","author":"Hanakawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00005-4.x","article-title":"Cloning of canine Dsg1 and evidence for alternative polyadenylation","volume":"114","author":"Muller","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4550","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.8.4550","article-title":"Unique superantigen activity of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins","volume":"162","author":"Monday","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3048","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.5.3048-3052.2000","article-title":"Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins are not bacterial superantigens","volume":"68","author":"Plano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib28","first-page":"119","article-title":"Staphylococcus hyicus virulence in relation to exudative epidermitis in pigs","volume":"57","author":"Wegener","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(91)90153-7","article-title":"Isolation of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus and its exfoliative activity in the piglet","volume":"27","author":"Sato","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1993.1072","article-title":"Staphylococcus hyicus-skin reactions in piglets caused by crude extracellular products and by partially purified exfoliative toxin","volume":"15","author":"Andresen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.6.1833-1837.2004","article-title":"Cloning and sequence analysis of genes encoding Staphylococcus hyicus exfoliative toxin types A, B, C, and D","volume":"186","author":"Ahrens","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib32","series-title":"The staphylococci in human disease","first-page":"401","article-title":"Staphylococcal carriage and skin and soft tissue infection","author":"Noble","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12481412","article-title":"Staphylococcal toxic epidermal necrolysis: species and tissue susceptibility and resistance","volume":"66","author":"Elias","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199612000-00008","article-title":"Human skin flora as a potential source of epidural abscess","volume":"85","author":"Sato","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2004.07208009.x","article-title":"Differential structural properties and expression patterns suggest functional significance for multiple mouse desmoglein 1 isoforms","volume":"72","author":"Brennan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.50.5.728","article-title":"Site of action of exfoliative toxin in the staphylococcal scaled-skin syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Lillibridge","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1974.tb41501.x","article-title":"The staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin: its isolation, characterization, and site of action","volume":"236","author":"Melish","year":"1974","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12610196","article-title":"Staphylococcal toxic epidermal necrolysis: pathogenesis and studies on the subcellular site of action of exfoliatin","volume":"65","author":"Elias","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1977.tb07150.x","article-title":"The staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. An experimental histochemical and electron microscopic study","volume":"96","author":"Dimond","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3780","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.9.3780-3785.1994","article-title":"A new type of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin from a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a horse with phlegmon","volume":"62","author":"Sato","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4014","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.8.4014-4018.1999","article-title":"New exfoliative toxin produced by a plasmid-carrying strain of Staphylococcus hyicus","volume":"67","author":"Sato","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2004.00743.x","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a novel Staphylococcus chromogenes exfoliative toxin","volume":"51","author":"Sato","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vet Med B: Infect Dis Vet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.12.006","article-title":"Exudative epidermitis in pigs caused by toxigenic Staphylococcus chromogenes","volume":"105","author":"Andresen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(03)00047-6","article-title":"Cloning of the gene coding for Staphylococcus intermedius exfoliative toxin and its expression in Escherichia coli","volume":"94","author":"Terauchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4101","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.14.4101-4103.2000","article-title":"Cloning of the gene coding for Staphylococcus hyicus exfoliative toxin B and its expression in Escherichia coli","volume":"182","author":"Watanabe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80234-3","article-title":"Purification of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin by high pressure liquid chromatography","volume":"273","author":"Sugai","year":"1990","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(05)81026-5","article-title":"A novel epidermal cell differentiation inhibitor (EDIN): purification and characterization from Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"173","author":"Sugai","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)45923-6","article-title":"Epidermal cell differentiation inhibitor ADP-ribosylates small GTP-binding proteins and induces hyperplasia of epidermis","volume":"267","author":"Sugai","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1086\/340212","article-title":"Clonal association of Staphylococcus aureus causing bullous impetigo and the emergence of new methicillin-resistant clonal groups in Kansai district in Japan","volume":"185","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071559","article-title":"C-cadherin ectodomain structure and implications for cell adhesion mechanisms","volume":"296","author":"Boggon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dermatological Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923181107001958?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923181107001958?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T04:46:29Z","timestamp":1760330789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0923181107001958"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0923181107001958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0923-1811"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0923-1811","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Staphylococcal exfoliative toxins: \u201cMolecular scissors\u201d of bacteria that attack the cutaneous defense barrier in mammals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dermatological Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}