{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:35:04Z","timestamp":1791200104669,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dermatological Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,27]],"date-time":"2008-07-27T08:19:03Z","timestamp":1217146743000},"page":"151-159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome: Soluble Fas ligand involvement in the pathomechanisms of these diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Riichiro","family":"Abe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11369-1","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"351","author":"Becker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.08.039","article-title":"Effects of treatments on the mortality of Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a retrospective study on patients included in the prospective EuroSCAR Study","volume":"58","author":"Schneck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.129.4.466","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell recruitment in toxic epidermal necrolysis. Further evidence of CD8+ lymphocyte involvement","volume":"129","author":"Correia","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.131.5.544","article-title":"Metabolic predisposition to cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Role in toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by sulfonamides and anticonvulsants","volume":"131","author":"Wolkenstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06721.x","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: current evidence, practical management and future directions","volume":"153","author":"Chave","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5388.490","article-title":"Inhibition of toxic epidermal necrolysis by blockade of CD95 with human intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"282","author":"Viard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81874-7","article-title":"Apoptosis by death factor","volume":"88","author":"Nagata","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)02197-7","article-title":"Randomised comparison of thalidomide versus placebo in toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"352","author":"Wolkenstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07211.x","article-title":"Elevated circulating CD40 ligand in patients with erythema multiforme and Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis spectrum","volume":"154","author":"Caproni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.06.012","article-title":"Life-threatening acute adverse cutaneous drug reactions","volume":"23","author":"Wolf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)31573-5","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"64","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Med Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90273-R","article-title":"Intestinal involvement in drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"337","author":"Chosidow","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01706425","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary distress associated with toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"18","author":"Timsit","year":"1992","journal-title":"Intens Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08222.x","article-title":"Respiratory involvement in toxic epidermal necrolysis portends a poor prognosis that may not be reflected in SCORTEN","volume":"157","author":"Hague","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.127.5.739","article-title":"Severe hypothermia occurring during the course of toxic epidermal necrolysis in patients treated with air-fluidized beds","volume":"127","author":"Timsit","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01690779","article-title":"Hypothermia and air-fluidized beds during toxic epidermal necrolysis management","volume":"17","author":"Timsit","year":"1991","journal-title":"Intens Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200209010-00008","article-title":"Outcome of patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome revisited","volume":"110","author":"Ducic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00061.x","article-title":"SCORTEN: a severity-of-illness score for toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"115","author":"Bastuji-Garin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512143332404","article-title":"Medication use and the risk of Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"333","author":"Roujeau","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.136.3.323","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome: does early withdrawal of causative drugs decrease the risk of death?","volume":"136","author":"Garcia-Doval","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)80012-8","article-title":"Phenytoin hypersensitivity reaction presenting with toxic epidermal necrolysis and severe hepatitis. Report of a patient treated with corticosteroid \u2018pulse therapy\u2019","volume":"12","author":"Sherertz","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198611000-00001","article-title":"Improved burn center survival of patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis managed without corticosteroids","volume":"204","author":"Halebian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib23","first-page":"273","article-title":"Burn center care for patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"180","author":"Kelemen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1159\/000051702","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis treated with intravenous high-dose immunoglobulins: our experience","volume":"203","author":"Stella","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.127249","article-title":"Treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis with intravenous immunoglobulin in children","volume":"47","author":"Tristani-Firouzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.1.26","article-title":"Treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins: multicenter retrospective analysis of 48 consecutive cases","volume":"139","author":"Prins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.1.39","article-title":"Analysis of intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis using SCORTEN: the University of Miami experience","volume":"139","author":"Trent","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.1.33","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a prospective noncomparative study showing no benefit on mortality or progression","volume":"139","author":"Bachot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-0968.2002.00409.x","article-title":"Plasma exchange in patients with toxic epidermal and necrolysis","volume":"6","author":"Bamichas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Therap Apher Dial"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.00192.x","article-title":"Plasmapheresis in toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"36","author":"Chaidemenos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340051063","article-title":"Lack of significant treatment effect of plasma exchange in the treatment of drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis?","volume":"25","author":"Furubacke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Intens Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib32","first-page":"2446","article-title":"Plasma exchange: a promising treatment for toxic epidermal necrolysis with AIDS","volume":"18","author":"Nomura","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.46833.x","article-title":"Antitumour necrosis factor-alfa; antibodies (infliximab) in the treatment of a patient with toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"146","author":"Fischer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00816.x","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase in toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Lerner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.120563","article-title":"Delayed reactions to drugs show levels of perforin, granzyme B, and Fas-L to be related to disease severity","volume":"109","author":"Posadas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01622.x","article-title":"Drug specific cytotoxic T-cells in the skin lesions of a patient with toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"118","author":"Nassif","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.130.5.605","article-title":"Macrophages and tumor necrosis factor alpha in toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"130","author":"Paquet","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.4.1201.1201","article-title":"Differential expression of bcl-2 and susceptibility to anti-Fas-mediated cell death in peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils","volume":"84","author":"Iwai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00037.x","article-title":"Death receptors in cutaneous biology and disease","volume":"115","author":"Wehrli","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.6.1777","article-title":"Metalloproteinase-mediated release of human Fas ligand","volume":"182","author":"Kayagaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0396-317","article-title":"Fas ligand in human serum","volume":"2","author":"Tanaka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64284-8","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome are induced by soluble Fas ligand","volume":"162","author":"Abe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib43","article-title":"Soluble FAS ligand: a discriminating feature between drug-induced skin eruptions and viral exanthemas","author":"Stur","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1159\/000100880","article-title":"Serum levels of the Th1 promoter IL-12 and the Th2 chemokine TARC are elevated in erythema multiforme and Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis and correlate with soluble Fas ligand expression","volume":"214","author":"Quaglino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib45","unstructured":"Murata J, Abe R, Shimizu H, Elevated soluble Fas ligand in Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis preceding skin detachment, J Allergy Clin Immunol (in press)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/428486a","article-title":"Medical genetics A marker for Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome","volume":"428","author":"Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.1.132","article-title":"A novel polymorphic CAAT\/enhancer-binding protein beta element in the FasL gene promoter alters Fas ligand expression: a candidate background gene in African\u2013American systemic lupus erythematosus patients","volume":"170","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050707","article-title":"FASL-844C polymorphism is associated with increased activation-induced T cell death and risk of cervical cancer","volume":"202","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003_bib49","first-page":"3","article-title":"Clinical significance of serum soluble Fas ligand in patients with acute self-limited and fulminant hepatitis","volume":"101","author":"Shiota","year":"1998","journal-title":"Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dermatological Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923181108001953?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923181108001953?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T08:09:25Z","timestamp":1588838965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0923181108001953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0923181108001953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0923-1811"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0923-1811","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}}}