{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:24:02Z","timestamp":1791908642807,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,18]],"date-time":"2008-10-18T09:00:59Z","timestamp":1224320459000},"page":"409-426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle: modern concepts and management review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Dane K.","family":"Wukich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjay","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2007.S63","article-title":"Preventive foot care in diabetes","volume":"27","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-S012","article-title":"Standards of medical care in diabetes\u20142008","volume":"31","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2004.07.005","article-title":"Bisphosphonates for the treatment of Charcot neuroarthropathy","volume":"43","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib4","first-page":"5","article-title":"Sitzung vom 17. November 1886","volume":"23","author":"Anonymous","year":"1886","journal-title":"Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199803000-00009","article-title":"Elevated peak plantar pressures in patients who have Charcot arthropathy","volume":"80","author":"Armstrong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-7-390","article-title":"Charcot's arthropathy of the foot","volume":"92","author":"Armstrong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-7-405","article-title":"Technique for fabrication of an \u201cinstant\u201d total contact cast for treatment of neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"92","author":"Armstrong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-87-6-272","article-title":"The natural history of acute Charcot's arthropathy in a diabetic foot specialty clinic","volume":"87","author":"Armstrong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-79-5-213","article-title":"Charcot foot","volume":"79","author":"Banks","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602701007","article-title":"Cytokine-induced osteoclastic bone resorption in Charcot arthropathy: An immunohistochemical study","volume":"27","author":"Baumhauer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199812000-00016","article-title":"Diabetic Charcot's arthropathy of the wrist. Case report and literature review","author":"Bayne","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0376","article-title":"Intranasal calcitonin in the treatment of acute Charcot neuroosteoarthropathy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Bem","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70198-X","article-title":"Complications of ankle fractures in diabetic patients","volume":"32","author":"Bibbo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Orthopedic Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067312","article-title":"Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"356","author":"Black","year":"2007","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.12.2968","article-title":"Clinical diabetic neuropathy","volume":"28","author":"Bloomgarden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib16","first-page":"14","article-title":"Surgical arthrodesis of the neuropathic foot. A salvage procedure","author":"Bono","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00253861","article-title":"Venous oxygenation in the diabetic neuropathic foot: Evidence of arteriovenous shunting?","volume":"22","author":"Boulton","year":"1982","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153040-00011","article-title":"Oxygen tension in zones of the epiphyseal plate, the metaphysis and diaphysis. An in vitro and in vivo study in rats and rabbits","volume":"53","author":"Brighton","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib19","first-page":"583","article-title":"Subtalar and talonavicular joint dislocation as a presentation of diabetic neuropathic arthropathy with salvage by triple arthrodesis","volume":"33","author":"Brink","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib20","series-title":"Surgery of the foot and ankle","first-page":"1281","article-title":"The diabetic foot","author":"Brodsky","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib21","first-page":"21","article-title":"Exostectomy for symptomatic bony prominences in diabetic Charcot feet","author":"Brodsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.139.2.7220879","article-title":"Pathogenesis of the neurotrophic joint: Neurotraumatic vs. neurovascular","volume":"139","author":"Brower","year":"1981","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2007.10.008","article-title":"Surgical reconstruction of the Charcot rearfoot and ankle","volume":"25","author":"Burns","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(00)80045-9","article-title":"Ostectomy for diabetic neuroarthropathy involving the midfoot","volume":"39","author":"Catanzariti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01677.x","article-title":"The perils of procrastination: Effects of early vs. delayed detection and treatment of incipient Charcot fracture","volume":"22","author":"Chantelau","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-944525","article-title":"Charcot foot in diabetes: Farewell to the neurotrophic theory","volume":"38","author":"Chantelau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hormone and Metabolic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924229","article-title":"Evaluation of the diabetic Charcot foot by MR imaging or plain radiography\u2014An observational study","volume":"114","author":"Chantelau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-006-0271-x","article-title":"\u201cSilent\u201d bone stress injuries in the feet of diabetic patients with polyneuropathy: A report on 12 cases","volume":"127","author":"Chantelau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924026","article-title":"The diabetic Charcot foot: MRI discloses bone stress injury as trigger mechanism of neuroarthropathy","volume":"114","author":"Chantelau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Experimental and Clinical Endocrinol & Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib30","first-page":"161","article-title":"Sur quelques arthropathies qui paraissent d\u00e9pendre d'une l\u00e9sion du cerveau ou de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re","volume":"1","author":"Charcot","year":"1868","journal-title":"Archive de Physiologie Normale Pathologique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib31","first-page":"305","article-title":"Affections osseuses et articulaires du pied chez les tab\u00e9tiques (Pied tab\u00e9tique)","volume":"6","author":"Charcot","year":"1883","journal-title":"Archives de Neurologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9584.2000.00225.x","article-title":"Is diabetic Charcot foot related to lower limb osteopaenia?","volume":"6","author":"Clasen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Foot and Ankle Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib33","first-page":"81","article-title":"Management of foot conditions of the diabetic patient","volume":"42","author":"Classen","year":"1976","journal-title":"American Surgeon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870080-00010","article-title":"Fractures associated with neuropathic arthropathy in adults who have juvenile-onset diabetes","volume":"70","author":"Clohisy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1985.tb00683.x","article-title":"Osteopenia and metatarsal fractures in diabetic neuropathy","volume":"2","author":"Cundy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000191148.48254.55","article-title":"Neuropathic osteoarthropathy of the shoulder","volume":"11","author":"Edison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib37","first-page":"843","article-title":"Increased uptake of bone radiopharmaceutical in diabetic neuropathy","volume":"57","author":"Edmonds","year":"1985","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.284.6320.928","article-title":"Medial arterial calcification and diabetic neuropathy","volume":"284","author":"Edmonds","year":"1982","journal-title":"British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib39","series-title":"Charcot joints","first-page":"3","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-191708000-00011","article-title":"On the nature of neuropathic affections of the joints","volume":"66","author":"Eloesser","year":"1917","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.6.796","article-title":"Long-term follow-up in diabetic Charcot feet with spontaneous onset","volume":"23","author":"Fabrin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2007.10.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of the Charcot foot","volume":"25","author":"Frykberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(07)60001-5","article-title":"Diabetic foot disorders: A clinical practice guideline (2006 revision)","volume":"45","author":"Frykberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4058","DOI":"10.1210\/en.137.9.4058","article-title":"The human osteoclast precursor circulates in the monocyte fraction","volume":"137","author":"Fujikawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01215.x","article-title":"Mortality in patients with diabetic neuropathic osteoarthropathy (Charcot foot)","volume":"21","author":"Gazis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00251822","article-title":"Monckeberg's sclerosis after sympathetic denervation in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects","volume":"24","author":"Goebel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-90-6-287","article-title":"Use of electrostimulation in the treatment of diabetic neuroarthropathy","volume":"90","author":"Grady","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib48","first-page":"43","article-title":"A short history of neuropathic arthropathy","author":"Gupta","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502601101","article-title":"An analysis of iatrogenic complications from the total contact cast","volume":"26","author":"Guyton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib50","first-page":"141","article-title":"The diabetic foot: Charcot arthropathy","volume":"42","author":"Harrelson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Instructional Course Lectures"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200609","article-title":"Pneumatic bracing and total contact casting have equivocal effects on plantar pressure relief","volume":"22","author":"Hartsell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2000.30.2.85","article-title":"Effects of a tendo-Achilles lengthening procedure on muscle function and gait characteristics in a patient with diabetes mellitus","volume":"30","author":"Hastings","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.86B3.14593","article-title":"Pattern of diabetic neuropathic arthropathy associated with the peripheral bone mineral density","volume":"86","author":"Herbst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, British Volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0971","article-title":"Use of implantable bone growth stimulation in Charcot ankle arthrodesis","volume":"28","author":"Hockenbury","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle International"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.452","article-title":"Achilles tendon lengthening, the panacea for plantar forefoot ulceration?","volume":"20","author":"Holstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-194830030-00006","article-title":"Bone and cartilage debris in the synovial membrane; its significance in the early diagnosis of neuro-arthropathy","volume":"30A","author":"Horwitz","year":"1948","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1477-5","article-title":"Vascular calcification and osteolysis in diabetic neuropathy\u2014Is RANK-L the missing link?","volume":"47","author":"Jeffcoate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2000.00233.x","article-title":"The Charcot foot","volume":"17","author":"Jeffcoate","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734605280447","article-title":"Abnormalities of vasomotor regulation in the pathogenesis of the acute Charcot foot of diabetes mellitus","volume":"4","author":"Jeffcoate","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-005-0050-z","article-title":"Theories concerning the pathogenesis of the acute Charcot foot suggest future therapy","volume":"5","author":"Jeffcoate","year":"2005","journal-title":"Current Diabetes Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67029-8","article-title":"The role of proinflammatory cytokines in the cause of neuropathic osteoarthropathy (acute Charcot foot) in diabetes","volume":"366","author":"Jeffcoate","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196749010-00001","article-title":"Neuropathic fractures and joint injuries. Pathogenesis and rationale of prevention and treatment","volume":"49","author":"Johnson","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib63","first-page":"358","article-title":"Comment to Williams et al","volume":"9","author":"Johnson","year":"1966","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1936.00170060069004","article-title":"Neuritic manifestations in diabetes mellitus","volume":"57","author":"Jordan","year":"1936","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250100008","article-title":"Bisphosphonates in the treatment of Charcot neuroarthropathy: A double-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Jude","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib66","first-page":"372","article-title":"De arthritide symptomatica of William Musgrave (1657\u20131721): His description of neuropathic arthritis","volume":"37","author":"Kelly","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-970578","article-title":"Weight-bearing intensity produces Charcot deformity in injured neuropathic feet in diabetes","volume":"115","author":"Kimmerle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Experimental and Clinical Endocrinol & Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00704.x","article-title":"Charcot neuroarthropathy of the knee in Type 1 diabetes: Treatment with total knee arthroplasty","volume":"19","author":"Lambert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laurinaviciene R., Kirketerp-Moeller K., Holstein P.E. (2008). Exostectomy for chronic midfoot plantar ulcer in Charcot deformity. Journal of Wound Care, 17, 53\u201355, 57\u201358.","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2008.17.2.28178"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.5.1435","article-title":"Diabetic foot syndrome: Evaluating the prevalence and incidence of foot pathology in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites from a diabetes disease management cohort","volume":"26","author":"Lavery","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.11.2642","article-title":"Home monitoring of foot skin temperatures to prevent ulceration","volume":"27","author":"Lavery","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769040-00024","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of repair of bone","volume":"69","author":"Lavine","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib73","series-title":"Health and numbers: Basic biostatistics methods","first-page":"5","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2233011279","article-title":"MR image analysis of pedal osteomyelitis: Distribution, patterns of spread, and frequency of associated ulceration and septic arthritis","volume":"223","author":"Ledermann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10016-003-0039-5","article-title":"Charcot joint disease in diabetes mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of Vascular Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-192705000-00002","article-title":"Experimental researches upon vasomotricity","volume":"85","author":"Leriche","year":"1927","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib77","first-page":"226","article-title":"Talonavicular dislocations and midfoot arthropathy in neuropathic diabetic feet. Natural course and principles of treatment","author":"Lesko","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-0992-1","article-title":"Increased osteoclastic activity in acute Charcot's osteoarthropathy: The role of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand","volume":"51","author":"Mabilleau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib79","series-title":"Transactions of the international medical congress: Seventh session held in London, August 2\u20139, 1881","first-page":"26","year":"1881"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2003.10.009","article-title":"Tendon Achilles lengthening for the treatment of neuropathic ulcers causes a temporary reduction in forefoot pressure associated with changes in plantar flexor power rather than ankle motion during gait","volume":"37","author":"Maluf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.16.6.8946539","article-title":"MR imaging of osteomyelitis and neuropathic osteoarthropathy in the feet of diabetics","volume":"16","author":"Marcus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000244730.95416.c6","article-title":"High rate of Charcot foot attacks early after simultaneous pancreas\u2013kidney transplantation","volume":"83","author":"Matricali","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051332","article-title":"Response of Charcot's arthropathy to contact casting: Assessment by quantitative techniques","volume":"43","author":"McGill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1955.01270100039007","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathic arthropathy of feet; summary report of seventeen cases","volume":"70","author":"Miller","year":"1955","journal-title":"AMA Archives of Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-183108150-00004","article-title":"On a new practice in acute and chronic rheumatism","volume":"8","author":"Mitchell","year":"1831","journal-title":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib86","series-title":"Gunshot wounds and other injuries of nerves","first-page":"119","year":"1864"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.207.3.9609883","article-title":"Osteomyelitis of the foot: Relative importance of primary and secondary MR imaging signs","volume":"207","author":"Morrison","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.7.1559","article-title":"Impact of Achilles tendon lengthening on functional limitations and perceived disability in people with a neuropathic plantar ulcer","volume":"27","author":"Mueller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200308000-00003","article-title":"Effect of Achilles tendon lengthening on neuropathic plantar ulcers. A randomized clinical trial","volume":"85-A","author":"Mueller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274020-00012","article-title":"The total contact cast for management of neuropathic plantar ulceration of the foot","volume":"74A","author":"Myerson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500502","article-title":"Management of midfoot diabetic neuroarthropathy","volume":"15","author":"Myerson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567040-00010","article-title":"Neurogenic acceleration of degenerative joint lesions","volume":"67","author":"O'Connor","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199307000-00012","article-title":"Salvage, with arthrodesis, in intractable diabetic neuropathic arthropathy of the foot and ankle","volume":"75","author":"Papa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrisor B., & Lau J. T. (2005). Electrical bone stimulation: An overview and its use in high risk and Charcot foot and ankle reconstructions. Foot and Ankle Clinics, 10, 609\u2013620, vii\u2013viii.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01510.x","article-title":"Calcaneal bone mineral density in patients with Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy: Differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Petrova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2168","article-title":"Is there a systemic inflammatory response in the acute Charcot foot?","volume":"30","author":"Petrova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib97","article-title":"Levels of evidence","author":"Phillips","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902000905","article-title":"Benchmark analysis of diabetic patients with neuropathic (Charcot) foot deformity","volume":"20","author":"Pinzur","year":"1999","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500806","article-title":"Surgical versus accommodative treatment for Charcot arthropathy of the midfoot","volume":"25","author":"Pinzur","year":"2004","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0952","article-title":"Current concepts review: Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle","volume":"28","author":"Pinzur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700503","article-title":"Treatment of Eichenholtz Stage I Charcot foot arthropathy with a weight-bearing total contact cast","volume":"27","author":"Pinzur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079301400403","article-title":"A treatment algorithm for neuropathic (Charcot) midfoot deformity","volume":"14","author":"Pinzur","year":"1993","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1214","article-title":"Six-month treatment with alendronate in acute Charcot neuroarthropathy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Pitocco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-002-0885-7","article-title":"Charcot neuroarthropathy in diabetes mellitus","volume":"45","author":"Rajbhandari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.5.827","article-title":"Impact of peripheral neuropathy on bone density in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Rix","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogers, L. C., Bevilacqua, N. J. (2008a). Imaging of the Charcot foot. Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, 25, 263\u2013274, vii.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2008.01.002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2007.10.006","article-title":"The diagnosis of Charcot foot","volume":"25","author":"Rogers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612033453640","article-title":"New insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates","volume":"9","author":"Rogers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Design"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(97)80037-3","article-title":"Neuropathic ulcerations plantar to the lateral column in patients with Charcot foot deformity: A flexible approach to limb salvage","volume":"36","author":"Rosenblum","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib110","first-page":"101","article-title":"Generating human osteoclasts from peripheral blood","volume":"80","author":"Sabokbar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Methods in Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7023.71","article-title":"Evidence based medicine: What it is and what it isn't","volume":"312","author":"Sackett","year":"1996","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.1.34","article-title":"Effect of Achilles tendon lengthening on ankle muscle performance in people with diabetes mellitus and a neuropathic plantar ulcer","volume":"85","author":"Salsich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200506000-00026","article-title":"How effective is intensive nonoperative initial treatment of patients with diabetes and Charcot arthropathy of the feet?","volume":"0","author":"Saltzman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079201300103","article-title":"The patellar tendon-bearing brace as treatment for neurotrophic arthropathy: A dynamic force monitoring study","volume":"13","author":"Saltzman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-84-7-322","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus. Prevention of amputation","volume":"84","author":"Sanders","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.451","article-title":"The Charcot foot: Historical perspective 1827\u20132003","volume":"20","author":"Sanders","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib115","series-title":"Levin and O'Neal's the diabetic foot","first-page":"257","article-title":"The Charcot foot (Pied de Charcot)","author":"Sanders","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib118","series-title":"The high risk foot in diabetes mellitus","first-page":"297","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathic osteoarthropathy: The Charcot foot","author":"Sanders","year":"1991"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib119","article-title":"Anatomical patterns of bone and joint destruction in neuropathic diabetics","volume":"40","author":"Sanders","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2005.07.018","article-title":"Implantable electrical bone stimulation for arthrodeses of the foot and ankle in high-risk patients: A multicenter study","volume":"44","author":"Saxena","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib121","first-page":"1651","article-title":"Combined bone scintigraphy and indium-111 leukocyte scans in neuropathic foot disease","volume":"29","author":"Schauwecker","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199804000-00015","article-title":"Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle","volume":"349","author":"Schon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31999-4","article-title":"The management of neuroarthropathic fracture\u2014Dislocations in the diabetic patient","volume":"26","author":"Schon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Orthopedic Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801900610","article-title":"Radiographic and clinical classification of acquired midtarsus deformities","volume":"19","author":"Schon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1994.tb00225.x","article-title":"Bisphosphonates: A new treatment for diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy?","volume":"11","author":"Selby","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(99)80086-6","article-title":"Staging of Charcot neuroarthropathy along the medial column of the foot in the diabetic patient","volume":"38","author":"Sella","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(97)00080-9","article-title":"Normal blood flow response and vasomotion in the diabetic Charcot foot","volume":"12","author":"Shapiro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072050-00016","article-title":"The results of arthrodesis of the ankle for leprotic neuroarthropathy","volume":"72","author":"Shibata","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200007000-00005","article-title":"Arthrodesis as an early alternative to nonoperative management of Charcot arthropathy of the diabetic foot","volume":"82-A","author":"Simon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(98)00006-3","article-title":"Acute Charcot arthropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: Healing times by foot location","volume":"12","author":"Sinacore","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.2.217","article-title":"Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes","volume":"293","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197205000-00006","article-title":"Neuro-arthropathy (Charcot joints) in diabetes mellitus (clinical study of 101 cases)","volume":"51","author":"Sinha","year":"1972","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199804000-00016","article-title":"Adjunct low intensity ultrasound in Charcot neuroarthropathy","author":"Strauss","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.12.2962","article-title":"Acute neuropathic joint disease: A medical emergency?","volume":"28","author":"Tan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/30036666","article-title":"MRI of the diabetic foot: Differentiation of infection from neuropathic change","volume":"80","author":"Tan","year":"2007","journal-title":"British Journal of Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501600604","article-title":"Triple arthrodesis for diabetic peritalar neuroarthropathy","volume":"16","author":"Tisdel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10121","article-title":"Adrenergic regulation of bone metabolism: Possible involvement of sympathetic innervation of osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells","volume":"58","author":"Togari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microscopy Research and Technique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502600109","article-title":"Current topics review: Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle","volume":"26","author":"Trepman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib139","series-title":"Bisphosphonates (marketed as Actonel, Actonel+Ca, Aredia, Boniva, Didronel, Fosamax, Fosamax+D, Reclast, Skelid, and Zometa) 2008 safety alerts for drugs, biologics, medical devices, and dietary supplements","author":"US Food and Drug Administration","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00250890","article-title":"Sympathetic nerve failure in diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Watkins","year":"1983","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1047","article-title":"Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030","volume":"27","author":"Wild","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/156.10.563","article-title":"Charcot foot osteoarthropathy in diabetes mellitus","volume":"156","author":"Wilson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Military Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.8709.edit","article-title":"Grades of recommendation","volume":"87","author":"Wright","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500808","article-title":"Safety of total contact casting in high-risk patients with neuropathic foot ulcers","volume":"25","author":"Wukich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.1.34","article-title":"Osteopenia, neurological dysfunction, and the development of Charcot neuroarthropathy","volume":"18","author":"Young","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.35.2.192","article-title":"Variable relationship between peripheral somatic and autonomic neuropathy in patients with different syndromes of diabetic polyneuropathy","volume":"35","author":"Young","year":"1986","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-4-210","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of Stage 0 Charcot's neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle","volume":"92","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2007.03.004","article-title":"Charcot foot and ankle reconstruction: Current thinking and surgical approaches","volume":"24","author":"Zgonis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056872708000937?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056872708000937?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T16:22:50Z","timestamp":1684599770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1056872708000937"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"references-count":148,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1056872708000937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-8727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-8727","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}}}