{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T22:11:37Z","timestamp":1774995097449,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T05:08:38Z","timestamp":1652418518000},"page":"108209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of early-onset Type 2 diabetes with cognitive impairment is partially mediated by increased pulse pressure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Su Fen","family":"Ang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serena K.M.","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tze Pin","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keven","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip L.K.","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin Yee","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziliang","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wern Ee","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela M.C.","family":"Moh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tavintharan","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chee Fang","family":"Sum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su Chi","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0048-7","article-title":"Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes mellitus: mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"14","author":"Biessels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109045","article-title":"Long-term dysglycemia as a risk factor for faster cognitive decline during aging: a 12-year follow-up study","volume":"180","author":"Rotonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-020-01648-9","article-title":"The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"You","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104642","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated cognitive dysfunction: advances in potential mechanisms and therapies","volume":"137","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14412","article-title":"Cognitive performance in midlife type 2 diabetes: results from the ENBIND study","volume":"38","author":"Dyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066397","article-title":"Long-term effect of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function","volume":"356","author":"Jacobson","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2132","article-title":"Cognitive function in children with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Gaudieri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161250","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairments: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0041","article-title":"Clinically relevant cognitive impairment in middle-aged adults with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Nunley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0506","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction is associated with poor diabetes control in older adults","volume":"29","author":"Munshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1112","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Reijmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33843-8","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment in an older population with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome: baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-plus study","volume":"8","author":"Mallorqui-Bague","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70088-3","article-title":"Dementia and cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes and prediabetic stages: towards targeted interventions","volume":"2","author":"Biessels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.726","article-title":"Diabetes in Asia: epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology","volume":"301","author":"Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70137-8","article-title":"Metabolic profiles and treatment gaps in young-onset type 2 diabetes in Asia (the JADE programme): a cross-sectional study of a prospective cohort","volume":"2","author":"Yeung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0334-z","article-title":"Young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus \u2014 implications for morbidity and mortality","volume":"16","author":"Magliano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150516","article-title":"Vascular health indices and cognitive domain function: Singapore longitudinal ageing studies","volume":"50","author":"Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12609","article-title":"Role of endothelium-independent vasodilation in the relationship between visceral adiposity and reduced cognitive performance in older adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Moh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.716638","article-title":"Arterial stiffening moderates the relationship between type-2 diabetes mellitus and white matter hyperintensity burden in older adults with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"13","author":"Werhane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0100","article-title":"Cardiometabolic and vascular disease factors and mild cognitive impairment and dementia","volume":"1\u20139","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0348","article-title":"Brain changes underlying cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: what can we learn from MRI?","volume":"63","author":"Biessels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.07.008","article-title":"Brain imaging correlates of mild cognitive impairment and early dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"28","author":"Groeneveld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.093674","article-title":"Pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity are related to cognitive decline in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging","volume":"51","author":"Waldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e328357ba78","article-title":"Pulse pressure and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"13","author":"Yaneva-Sirakova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000436935.47657.78","article-title":"Pulse pressure is associated with Alzheimer biomarkers in cognitively normal older adults","volume":"81","author":"Nation","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00669","article-title":"Pulse pressure: an emerging therapeutic target for dementia","volume":"14","author":"Levin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164119848093","article-title":"Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are associated with reduced cognition in type 2 diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Groeneveld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2956","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59914-3","article-title":"Association between lower extremity skeletal muscle mass and impaired cognitive function in type 2 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Low","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0150","series-title":"Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. 5","first-page":"165","author":"Sheikh","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.12.041","article-title":"Pulse pressure index (pulse pressure\/systolic pressure) may be better than pulse pressure for assessment of cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"1532\u20132777","author":"Peng-Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.20.3.310.823","article-title":"The repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS): preliminary clinical validity","volume":"20","author":"Randolph","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2010.490789","article-title":"Cross-cultural application of the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS): performances of elderly Chinese Singaporeans","volume":"24","author":"Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acu023","article-title":"Normative data for the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status in elderly Chinese","volume":"29","author":"Collinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1159\/000480080","article-title":"The neighborhood built environment and cognitive function of older persons: results from the Singapore longitudinal ageing study","volume":"64","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0185","first-page":"458","article-title":"The modified mini-mental state examination test: normative data for Singapore Chinese older adults and its performance in detecting early cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Feng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730442","article-title":"The probability function of the product of two normally distributed variables","volume":"18","author":"Aroian","year":"1947","journal-title":"Ann Math Statist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X9301700202","article-title":"Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies","volume":"17","author":"Mackinnon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eval Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr3001_3","article-title":"A simulation study of mediated effect measures","volume":"30","author":"Mackinnon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206553","article-title":"SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models","volume":"36","author":"Preacher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163792","article-title":"The validity and reliability of the mini-mental state Examination-2 for detecting mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in a korean population","volume":"11","author":"Baek","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12279","article-title":"Arterial stiffness in adolescents and young adults with and without type 1 diabetes: the SEARCH CVD study","volume":"16","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2018.05.013","article-title":"Prevalence of arterial stiffness in adolescents with type 2 diabetes in the TODAY cohort: relationships to glycemic control and other risk factors","volume":"32","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.502534","article-title":"Regional white matter pathology in mild cognitive impairment: differential influence of lesion type on neuropsychological functioning","volume":"39","author":"Delano-Wood","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.129700","article-title":"Blood pressure components and changes in relation to white matter lesions: a 32-year prospective population study","volume":"54","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617712000677","article-title":"Deep versus periventricular white matter lesions and cognitive function in a community sample of middle-aged participants","volume":"18","author":"Soriano-Raya","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2019.1628916","article-title":"Domain-specific cognitive effects of white matter pathology in old age, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Kaskikallio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Neuropsychol Cogn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1801","article-title":"Diabetes in older adults","volume":"35","author":"Kirkman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46534","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46534","article-title":"The characteristics of newly diagnosed adult early-onset diabetes: a population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Zou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056872722001118?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056872722001118?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:15:33Z","timestamp":1761005733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1056872722001118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1056872722001118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-8727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-8727","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association of early-onset Type 2 diabetes with cognitive impairment is partially mediated by increased pulse pressure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Diabetes and its Complications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2022.108209","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108209"}}