{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T06:30:36Z","timestamp":1793255436375,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001734","name":"K\u00f8benhavns Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T01:36:10Z","timestamp":1761356170000},"page":"109206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Glycemia, management and outcomes of pregnant women with maturity-onset diabetes of the young \u2013 a single-center case series"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Isabella Lindegaard","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Cathrine Baun","family":"Thuesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine Dalsgaard","family":"Clausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lene","family":"Ringholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth R.","family":"Mathiesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torben","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Damm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d6044","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)","volume":"343","author":"Thanabalasingham","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1799-4","article-title":"Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY): how many cases are we missing?","volume":"53","author":"Shields","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2017-00040","article-title":"High prevalence of diabetes-predisposing variants in MODY genes among Danish women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"1","author":"Gjesing","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117064","article-title":"Insulin secretory abnormalities in subjects with hyperglycemia due to glucokinase mutations","volume":"93","author":"Byrne","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.283980","article-title":"Prevalence of vascular complications among patients with glucokinase mutations and prolonged, mild hyperglycemia","volume":"311","author":"Steele","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02622.x","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome in patients with raised blood glucose due to a heterozygous glucokinase gene mutation","volume":"26","author":"Spyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-018-0982-8","article-title":"Clinical management of women with monogenic diabetes during pregnancy","volume":"18","author":"Dickens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109081","article-title":"A novel mutation in GCK gene: beware of SGA child with diabetic mother","volume":"181","author":"Tagliaferri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.113127","article-title":"Influence of maternal and fetal glucokinase mutations in gestational diabetes","volume":"185","author":"Spyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0050","series-title":"Diabetes and Pregnancy: Blood Sugar of Newborn Infants","volume":"Vol. 230","author":"Pedersen","year":"1952"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0151","article-title":"Antenatal diagnosis of fetal genotype determines if maternal hyperglycemia due to a glucokinase mutation requires treatment","volume":"35","author":"Chakera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.297","article-title":"A randomized trial evaluating a predominantly fetal growth-based strategy to guide management of gestational diabetes in Caucasian women","volume":"27","author":"Schaefer-Graf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.11.1904","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial using glycemic plus fetal ultrasound parameters versus glycemic parameters to determine insulin therapy in gestational diabetes with fasting hyperglycemia","volume":"24","author":"Kjos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05982-9","article-title":"Bringing precision medicine to the management of pregnancy in women with glucokinase-MODY: a study of diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of non-invasive prenatal testing","volume":"66","author":"Hughes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.802423","article-title":"Pregnancy in women with monogenic diabetes due to pathogenic variants of the glucokinase gene: lessons and challenges","volume":"12","author":"Timsit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-3075-x","article-title":"Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies suggest pharmacological treatment used in patients with glucokinase mutations does not alter glycaemia","volume":"57","author":"Stride","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4728-6","article-title":"A UK nationwide prospective study of treatment change in MODY: genetic subtype and clinical characteristics predict optimal glycaemic control after discontinuing insulin and metformin","volume":"61","author":"Shepherd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-001-0770-9","article-title":"The genetic abnormality in the beta cell determines the response to an oral glucose load","volume":"45","author":"Stride","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.19.9.915","article-title":"Diabetes complications in NIDDM kindreds linked to the MODY3 locus on chromosome 12q","volume":"19","author":"Velho","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563213483458","article-title":"Maturity onset diabetes of the young: identification and diagnosis","volume":"50","author":"McDonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050931","article-title":"Chronic diabetic complications in patients with MODY3 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Isomaa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.04.037","article-title":"The clinical management of hyperglycemia in pregnancy complicated by maturity-onset diabetes of the young","volume":"213","author":"Bacon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040118","article-title":"Macrosomia and hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in patients with heterozygous mutations in the HNF4A gene","volume":"4","author":"Pearson","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0120","unstructured":"Dansk Selskab For Obstetrik og Gyn\u00e6kologi. Pr\u00e6eksisterende diabetes og graviditet. Accessed September 3, 2024. https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/5467abcce4b056d72594db79\/t\/642140a587382f41bdfaefcb\/1679900837758\/Faelles+NBV+Diabetes+og+gravidit+et+Korrektur+Marts+2023+LR.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1182","article-title":"Unchanged prevalence of preeclampsia after implementation of prophylactic aspirin for all pregnant women with preexisting diabetes: a prospective cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Do","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-05002-9","article-title":"White coat hypertension in early pregnancy in women with pre-existing diabetes: prevalence and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"62","author":"Vestgaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S013","article-title":"13. Management of diabetes in pregnancy: standards of medical care in diabetes-2018","volume":"41","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90298-4","article-title":"Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements--a prospective study","volume":"151","author":"Hadlock","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00236-X","article-title":"Faster-acting insulin aspart versus insulin aspart in the treatment of type 1 or type 2 diabetes during pregnancy and post-delivery (CopenFast): an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"N\u00f8rgaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14164.x","article-title":"Intrauterine growth curves based on ultrasonically estimated foetal weights","volume":"85","author":"Mar\u0161\u00e1l","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010-w1","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration","volume":"147","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0165","article-title":"School performance in Danish children exposed to maternal type 1 diabetes in utero: a nationwide retrospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Spangmose","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.2011.397","article-title":"Trimester-specific reference intervals for haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in pregnancy","volume":"50","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0175","first-page":"256","article-title":"HbAIC in healthy, pregnant women","volume":"63","author":"Radder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30833-8","article-title":"HbA1c measured in the first trimester of pregnancy and the association with gestational diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Hinkle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14488","article-title":"Evaluation of pregnancy outcomes in women with GCK-MODY","volume":"38","author":"L\u00f3pez Tinoco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1267-z","article-title":"Management and pregnancy outcomes of women with GCK-MODY enrolled in the US Monogenic Diabetes Registry","volume":"56","author":"Dickens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.08.001","article-title":"Molecular reductions in glucokinase activity increase counter-regulatory responses to hypoglycemia in mice and humans with diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Chakera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-025-06363-0","article-title":"Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women with GCK-MODY: an observational study based on standardised insulin modalities","author":"Ciangura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa104","article-title":"Noninvasive fetal genotyping by droplet digital PCR to identify maternally inherited monogenic diabetes variants","volume":"66","author":"Caswell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0225","article-title":"Enhancing fetal outcomes in GCK-MODY pregnancies: a precision medicine approach via non-invasive prenatal GCK mutation detection","volume":"11","author":"Schwitzgebel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2024.1362977","article-title":"Management of pregnancy in women with monogenic diabetes due to mutations in GCK, HNF1A and HNF4A genes","volume":"15","author":"Crowley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Genet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056872725002594?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056872725002594?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T12:02:21Z","timestamp":1766232141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1056872725002594"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1056872725002594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-8727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-8727","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Glycemia, management and outcomes of pregnant women with maturity-onset diabetes of the young \u2013 a single-center case series","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Diabetes and its Complications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109206","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109206"}}