{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:27:33Z","timestamp":1793935653033,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008713","name":"Diabetes Australia Research Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["513781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["513781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1042231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1042231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T09:50:29Z","timestamp":1789120229000},"page":"109412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lipidomic profiles and their relationship to incident diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Timothy M.E.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn J.","family":"Drinkwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alanah Grant-St","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5","article-title":"Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990\u20132020: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Flaxman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S252","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S012","article-title":"12. Retinopathy, neuropathy, and foot care: standards of care in diabetes-2025","volume":"48","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice C","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909","article-title":"Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"35","author":"Yau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30250-8","article-title":"Predicting the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy using deep learning","volume":"3","author":"Bora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30411-5","article-title":"Screening for diabetic retinopathy: new perspectives and challenges","volume":"8","author":"Vujosevic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.08.006","article-title":"Analytical lipidomics in metabolic and clinical research","volume":"26","author":"Hyotylainen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4973","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-015-8633-2","article-title":"Optimizing the lipidomics workflow for clinical studies--practical considerations","volume":"407","author":"Hyotylainen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/ansa.202300011","article-title":"Blood microsampling technologies: innovations and applications in 2022","volume":"4","author":"Thangavelu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05274-9","article-title":"Lipidomic studies revealing serological markers associated with the occurrence of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0050","article-title":"Multiplatform metabolomics reveals novel serum metabolite biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy subjects","volume":"7","author":"Xuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66157-z","article-title":"Clinical serum lipidomic profiling revealed potential lipid biomarkers for early diabetic retinopathy","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2021.42.6.20210016","article-title":"Prevalence of retinopathy and associated risk factors among high- and low-risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"42","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122751","article-title":"Integrated analysis of metabolomics and lipidomics in plasma of T2DM patients with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad452","article-title":"Metabolites as risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-year follow-up study","volume":"109","author":"Fernandes Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0075","article-title":"Causal association of circulating metabolites with diabetic retinopathy: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1436203","article-title":"Causal relationships between blood metabolites and diabetic retinopathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58954","article-title":"Genetic and environmental determinants of variation in the plasma lipidome of older Australian twins","volume":"9","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0090","article-title":"Insulin resistance in relation to lipids and inflammation in type-2 diabetic patients and non-diabetic people","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys065","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Fremantle Diabetes Study","volume":"42","author":"Davis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01018-3","article-title":"Retinopathy predicts stroke but not myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II","volume":"19","author":"Drinkwater","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.15090","article-title":"Differences in retinopathy prevalence and progression between Anglo-Celt and Aboriginal Australians: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II","volume":"52","author":"Drinkwater","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v4.i6.290","article-title":"Classification of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15032","article-title":"Retinopathy prevalence, incidence and trajectories in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II","volume":"40","author":"Drinkwater","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.2c00682","article-title":"Comprehensive lipidomic workflow for multicohort population phenotyping using stable isotope dilution targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"22","author":"Ryan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471250953.bi1324s46","article-title":"Employing ProteoWizard to convert raw mass spectrometry data","volume":"46","author":"Holman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Bioinform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0130","author":"The R Core Team"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.21540","article-title":"The skyline ecosystem: informatics for quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics","volume":"39","author":"Pino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mass Spectrom Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5648","article-title":"Comparing ROC curves derived from regression models","volume":"32","author":"Seshan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s12561-014-9118-0","article-title":"The net reclassification index (NRI): a misleading measure of prediction improvement even with independent test data sets","volume":"7","author":"Pepe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat Biosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04192","article-title":"Predicting vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review, meta-analysis, and prospective validation study","volume":"14","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17755.x","article-title":"Oxygenation of lipoproteins by mammalian lipoxygenases","volume":"213","author":"Belkner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13221886","article-title":"Possible role of endothelial-derived cellular and exosomal-miRNAs in lipid-mediated diabetic retinopathy: microarray studies","volume":"13","author":"Elmasry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M056069","article-title":"A lipidomic screen of hyperglycemia-treated HRECs links 12\/15-Lipoxygenase to microvascular dysfunction during diabetic retinopathy via NADPH oxidase","volume":"56","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0008","article-title":"Increased expression and activity of 12-lipoxygenase in oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy: implications in retinal neovascularization","volume":"60","author":"Al-Shabrawey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0175","article-title":"Eicosanoids and oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-20-0370","article-title":"Association of n-6 PUFAs with the risk of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ20-0564","article-title":"Low circulating dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid is associated with diabetic retinopathy: a cross sectional study of KAMOGAWA-DM cohort study","volume":"68","author":"Okamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.0816-18","article-title":"Increased serum dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid levels are associated with obesity, body fat accumulation, and insulin resistance in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Tsurutani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-013-3874-3","article-title":"Plasma levels of 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n-7, and 20:3n-6 are positively associated, but 18:0 and 18:2n-6 are inversely associated with markers of inflammation in young healthy adults","volume":"49","author":"Perreault","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3730-5","article-title":"Plasma fatty acids as predictors of glycaemia and type 2 diabetes","volume":"58","author":"Lankinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.08.194","article-title":"Lysophosphatidylglycerol stimulates chemotactic migration and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"363","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01752-2023","article-title":"LPG 18:0 is a general biomarker of asthma and inhibits the differentiation and function of regulatory T-cells","volume":"64","author":"Aili","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.05.073","article-title":"Could diabetic retinopathy be an autoimmune disease?","volume":"68","author":"Kastelan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2021.024","article-title":"Regulatory T cells and diabetes mellitus","volume":"32","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01679-1","article-title":"Lipid profile alterations and biomarker identification in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients under glycemic control","volume":"24","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27155","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M704408200","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of phosphatidylcholine","volume":"282","author":"Treede","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/lipd.12263","article-title":"A review of efforts to improve lipid stability during sample preparation and standardization efforts to ensure accuracy in the reporting of lipid measurements","volume":"56","author":"Ulmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.05.006","article-title":"A systematic literature review of attrition between waves in longitudinal studies in the elderly shows a consistent pattern of dropout between differing studies","volume":"58","author":"Chatfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.107057","article-title":"Dropout risk and effectiveness of retention strategies in the memory advancement by intranasal insulin in type 2 diabetes (MemAID) clinical trial","volume":"125","author":"Isaza-Pierrotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-918","article-title":"Attrition and generalizability in longitudinal studies: findings from a 15-year population-based study and a Monte Carlo simulation study","volume":"12","author":"Gustavson","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056872726001571?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1056872726001571?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:05:01Z","timestamp":1793934301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1056872726001571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1056872726001571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-8727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-8727","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lipidomic profiles and their relationship to incident diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Diabetes and its Complications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2026.109412","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109412"}}