{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T09:35:54Z","timestamp":1793352954049,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dental Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T11:16:15Z","timestamp":1757157375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Performance of large language models on image-based oral pathology questions from the Japanese National Dental Examination"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Uehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7907-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Suga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9498-3014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Toyofuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Abiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-023-01375-z","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in diagnostic pathology","volume":"18","author":"Shafi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-024-01464-7","article-title":"Challenges and barriers of using large language models (LLM) such as ChatGPT for diagnostic medicine with a focus on digital pathology\u2014a recent scoping review","volume":"19","author":"Ullah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib3","article-title":"Evaluating ChatGPT's diagnostic potential for pathology images","volume":"11","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07618-3","article-title":"A multimodal generative AI copilot for human pathology","volume":"634","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70050-4","article-title":"A possible new tool for clinical diagnosis of melanoma: the computer","volume":"16","author":"Cascinelli","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21056","article-title":"Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks","volume":"542","author":"Esteva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14143499","article-title":"Efficacy of artificial intelligence-assisted discrimination of oral cancerous lesions from normal mucosa based on the oral mucosal image: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5034","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001469","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence assisted clinical imaging in the detection of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89328-y","article-title":"Utilizing GPT-4 to interpret oral mucosal disease photographs for structured report generation","volume":"15","author":"Zhan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14750","article-title":"How ChatGPT performs in oral medicine: the case of oral potentially malignant disorders","volume":"30","author":"Diniz-Freitas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2024.11.087","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of ChatGPT-4o in histopathological description analysis of oral and maxillofacial lesions: a comparative study with pathologists","volume":"139","author":"Cuevas-Nunez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2024.11.006","article-title":"An exploratory assessment of GPT-4o and GPT-4 performance on the Japanese National Dental Examination","volume":"36","author":"Morishita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13766","article-title":"Performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4o in the Japanese national dental examination","volume":"89","author":"Uehara","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3721","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30040283","article-title":"Oral squamous cell carcinoma and concomitant primary tumors, what do we know? A review of the literature","volume":"30","author":"Badwelan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-025-8820-2","article-title":"AI in dentistry: a legal minefield?","volume":"238","author":"Mathew","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2002.02870.x","article-title":"Salivary gland tumours","volume":"8","author":"Speight","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037_bib17","first-page":"586","article-title":"Structured clinical reasoning prompt enhances LLM's diagnostic capabilities in diagnosis please quiz cases","volume":"43","author":"Sonoda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1991790225003113?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1991790225003113?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:16:08Z","timestamp":1774268168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1991790225003113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["S1991790225003113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037","relation":{},"ISSN":["1991-7902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1991-7902","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Performance of large language models on image-based oral pathology questions from the Japanese National Dental Examination","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Dental Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jds.2025.08.037","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Publishing services by Digital Commons.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}