{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T05:19:22Z","timestamp":1783660762006,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":292,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T02:16:33Z","timestamp":1732068993000},"page":"106113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Concurrent and predictive associations between executive function and numerical skills in early childhood"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"250","author":[{"given":"Jasmine R.","family":"Ernst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le M.M.","family":"Mazzocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2023.101388","article-title":"The longitudinal contributions of preschool executive functions and early math abilities to arithmetic skills in elementary school","volume":"68","author":"Akhavein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2013.11.012","article-title":"Home sweet home: Does where you live matter to working memory and other cognitive skills?","volume":"124","author":"Alloway","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B: Methodological"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2011.01.007","article-title":"Relations between executive function and academic achievement from ages 5 to 17 in a large, representative national sample","volume":"21","author":"Best","year":"2011","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-228X.2008.00036.x","article-title":"Is there a role for executive functions in the development of mathematics ability?","volume":"2","author":"Blair","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mind, Brain, and Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038813","article-title":"Multiple aspects of self-regulation uniquely predict mathematics but not letter\u2013word knowledge in the early elementary grades","volume":"51","author":"Blair","year":"2015","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdpys.2023.1279691","article-title":"General and math vocabulary contributions to early numeracy skills in a large population-representative sample","volume":"1","author":"Bleses","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2010.01012.x","article-title":"Using confirmatory factor analysis to understand executive control in preschool children: Sources of variation in emergent mathematic achievement","volume":"14","author":"Bull","year":"2011","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0060","unstructured":"Carlson, S. M. (2021). Minnesota Executive Function Scale [technical report]. Reflection Sciences Inc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0070","series-title":"The Oxford handbook of developmental psychology, Vol. 1: Body and mind","first-page":"706","article-title":"Executive function","author":"Carlson","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2023.101365","article-title":"Modelling executive function across early childhood: Longitudinal invariance, development from 3.5 to 7 years and later academic performance","volume":"68","author":"Castellanos-Ryan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2022.101154","article-title":"Numeracy skills mediate the relation between executive function and mathematics achievement in early childhood","volume":"62","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/016146811311500603","article-title":"How important is where you start? Early mathematics knowledge and later school success","volume":"115","author":"Claessens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Teachers College Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0095","series-title":"Learning and teaching early math: The learning trajectories approach","author":"Clements","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.5951\/jresemtheduc-2019-0069","article-title":"Effects on mathematics and executive function of a mathematics and play intervention versus mathematics alone","volume":"51","author":"Clements","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal for Research in Mathematics Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2021.104816","article-title":"Domain-general and domain-specific influences on emerging numerical cognition: Contrasting uni- and bidirectional prediction models","volume":"215","author":"Coolen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5334\/joc.309","article-title":"Now you see it, now you don\u2019t\u2014Cognitive skills and their contributions to mathematics across early development","volume":"6","author":"Coolen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2017.01.014","article-title":"Direct and indirect influences of executive functions on mathematics achievement","volume":"162","author":"Cragg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.2281","article-title":"It matters how you start: Early numeracy mastery predicts high school math course-taking and college attendance","volume":"31","author":"Davis-Kean","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infant and Child Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/00220973.2020.1777070","article-title":"Mathematics and executive function competencies in the context of interventions: A quantile regression analysis","volume":"90","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.5964\/jnc.7047","article-title":"Reciprocal associations between executive function and academic achievement: A conceptual replication of Schmitt et al. (2017)","volume":"7","author":"Ellis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Numerical Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.05.002","article-title":"Core systems of number","volume":"8","author":"Feigenson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000752","article-title":"Building word-problem solving and working memory capacity: A randomized controlled trial comparing three intervention approaches","volume":"114","author":"Fuchs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_bib441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2010.01489.x","article-title":"The contributions of numerosity and domain-general abilities to school readiness: Numerosity and domain-general abilities","volume":"81","author":"Fuchs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030127","article-title":"Effects of first-grade number knowledge tutoring with contrasting forms of practice","volume":"105","author":"Fuchs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036633","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between executive functioning and academic skills across content areas","volume":"50","author":"Fuhs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01069.x","article-title":"Cognitive mechanisms underlying achievement deficits in children with mathematical learning disability","volume":"78","author":"Geary","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2012.03.003","article-title":"Independent contributions of the central executive, intelligence, and in-class attentive behavior to developmental change in the strategies used to solve addition problems","volume":"113","author":"Geary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054651","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 functional numeracy is predicted by their school entry number system knowledge","volume":"8","author":"Geary","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000214","article-title":"Young children\u2019s core symbolic and nonsymbolic quantitative knowledge in the prediction of later mathematics achievement","volume":"52","author":"Geary","year":"2016","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1177\/17470218231175325","article-title":"Understanding the complexities of mathematical cognition: A multi-level framework","volume":"76","author":"Gilmore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0185","series-title":"Test of early mathematics ability","author":"Ginsburg","year":"2003"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12246","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and executive function: Developmental trajectories and mediation","volume":"18","author":"Hackman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"7213","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07246","article-title":"Individual differences in non-verbal number acuity correlate with maths achievement","volume":"455","author":"Halberda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/0731948719865476","article-title":"Expanding task instructions may increase fractions problem difficulty for students with mathematics learning disability","volume":"43","author":"Herold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Learning Disability Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014939","article-title":"Early math matters: Kindergarten number competence and later mathematics outcomes","volume":"45","author":"Jordan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.46","article-title":"Socioeconomic variation, number competence, and mathematics learning difficulties in young children","volume":"15","author":"Jordan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0215","series-title":"Boston naming test","author":"Kaplan","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0220","series-title":"Kaufman brief intelligence test","author":"Kaufman","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2024.101131","article-title":"Measuring the acuity of the approximate number system in young children","volume":"72","author":"Krajcsi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Developmental Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2013.02.001","article-title":"Is approximate number precision a stable predictor of math ability?","volume":"25","author":"Libertus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2020.104846","article-title":"When do preschoolers learn specific mathematics skills? Mapping the development of early numeracy knowledge","volume":"195","author":"Litkowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0240","series-title":"Woodcock Johnson tests of achievement\u2014Technical manual","author":"Mather","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040600611346","article-title":"A longitudinal assessment of executive function skills and their association with math performance","volume":"13","author":"Mazzocco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00486","article-title":"Persistent consequences of atypical early number concepts","volume":"4","author":"Mazzocco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00599","article-title":"Predictors of early growth in academic achievement: The Head\u2013Toes\u2013Knees\u2013Shoulders task","volume":"5","author":"McClelland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000395","article-title":"What\u2019s the best way to characterize the relationship between working memory and achievement? An initial examination of competing theories","volume":"112","author":"Miller-Cotto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10212-021-00596-4","article-title":"Patterns of symbolic numerical magnitude processing and working memory as predictors of early mathematics performance","volume":"38","author":"Mononen","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychology of Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1177\/23727322211033005","article-title":"Supporting young children\u2019s development of executive function through early mathematics","volume":"8","author":"Mulcahy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194070400050901","article-title":"Cognitive characteristics of children with mathematics learning disability (MLD) vary as a function of the cutoff criterion used to define MLD","volume":"40","author":"Murphy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0290","unstructured":"National Center for Education Statistics at IES. (2020). Adult numeracy in the United States [Data Point. NCES 2020\u2013025]. U.S. Department of Education. https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/pubs2020\/2020025\/index.asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2016.02.003","article-title":"Which preschool mathematics competencies are most predictive of fifth grade achievement?","volume":"36","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Early Childhood Research Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12352","article-title":"The development of academic achievement and cognitive abilities: A bidirectional perspective","volume":"14","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Development Perspectives"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2936-12.2013","article-title":"Why mental arithmetic counts: Brain activation during single digit arithmetic predicts high school math scores","volume":"33","author":"Price","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2013.12.009","article-title":"Working memory and language: Skill-specific or domain-general relations to mathematics?","volume":"122","author":"Purpura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3102\/0002831212465332","article-title":"Informal numeracy skills: The structure and relations among numbering, relations, and arithmetic operations in preschool","volume":"50","author":"Purpura","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Educational Research Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2016.08.010","article-title":"Foundations of mathematics and literacy: The role of executive functioning components","volume":"153","author":"Purpura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2019.101251","article-title":"Executive function facilitates learning from math instruction in kindergarten: Evidence from the ECLS-K","volume":"65","author":"Ribner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00869","article-title":"Executive function buffers the association between early math and later academic skills","volume":"8","author":"Ribner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0350","unstructured":"Robitzsch, A., & Grund, S. (2024). miceadds: Some additional multiple imputation functions, especially for \u201cmice.\u201d R package Version 3.17-44. Retrieved from https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=miceadds."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000227","article-title":"Self-regulation in childhood as a predictor of future outcomes: A meta-analytic review","volume":"146","author":"Robson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2021.1933187","article-title":"Removing the noose item from the Boston Naming Test: A step toward antiracist neuropsychological assessment","volume":"36","author":"Salo","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Clinical Neuropsychologist"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/15248372.2021.1888732","article-title":"Symbolic magnitude understanding predicts preschoolers\u2019 later addition skills","volume":"22","author":"Scalise","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition and Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-023-09824-3","article-title":"Making the executive \u201cfunction\u201d for the foundations of mathematics: The need for explicit theories of change for early interventions","volume":"35","author":"Scerif","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000193","article-title":"Examining the relations between executive function, math, and literacy during the transition to kindergarten: A multi-analytic approach","volume":"109","author":"Schmitt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000322","article-title":"Relations between executive functions and academic outcomes in elementary school children: A meta-analysis","volume":"147","author":"Spiegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0385","series-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0390","first-page":"1","article-title":"mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R","volume":"45","author":"van Buuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12713","article-title":"What is the long-run impact of learning mathematics during preschool?","volume":"89","author":"Watts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X14553660","article-title":"What\u2019s past is prologue: Relations between early mathematics knowledge and high school achievement","volume":"43","author":"Watts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2010.08.008","article-title":"The structure of executive function in 3-year-old children","volume":"108","author":"Wiebe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2010.549980","article-title":"Contributions of hot and cool self-regulation to preschool disruptive behavior and academic achievement","volume":"36","author":"Willoughby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0415","series-title":"Woodcock Johnson tests of achievement","author":"Woodcock","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(96)90027-1","article-title":"An age-related dissociation between knowing rules and using them","volume":"11","author":"Zelazo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2022.102126","article-title":"Estimating the co-development of executive functions and math achievement throughout the elementary grades using a cross-lagged panel model with fixed effects","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13123","article-title":"Early cognitive precursors of children\u2019s mathematics learning disability and persistent low achievement: A 5-year longitudinal study","volume":"91","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e328","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13962","article-title":"Co-development among reading, math, science, and verbal working memory in the elementary stage","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Development"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022096524002534?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022096524002534?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T23:47:01Z","timestamp":1733356021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022096524002534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S0022096524002534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0965","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Concurrent and predictive associations between executive function and numerical skills in early childhood","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106113","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106113"}}