{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:57:03Z","timestamp":1777946223190,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T19:25:25Z","timestamp":1775330725000},"page":"106512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Strategic self-initiated encoding in object-location memory in 8\u201310-year-old children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"268","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Gorohovsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.R.","family":"Ben-Harosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Magen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0005","unstructured":"Anderson, R. C. (1984). Role of the reader\u2019s schema in comprehension, learning, and memory. In: R. Anderson, J. Osborn, & R. Tierney (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (4th ed.). Newark: International Reading Association."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.43.2.352","article-title":"Learning about tools in infancy","volume":"43","author":"Barrett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0015","unstructured":"Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_bib276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2017.1399981","article-title":"Self-initiated object-location memory in young and older adults","volume":"26","author":"Berger-Mandelbaum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2297(87)90007-4","article-title":"How age changes in knowledge base contribute to the development of children\u2019s memory: An interpretive review","volume":"7","author":"Bjorklund","year":"1987","journal-title":"Developmental Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0025","unstructured":"Bjorklund, D. F., Dukes, C., & Brown, R. D. (2009). The development of memory strategies. In M. L. Courage & N. Cowan (Eds.), The Development of Memory in Infancy and Childhood (pp. 145-175). Psychology Press."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(72)80006-9","article-title":"Contextual prerequisites for understanding: Some investigations of comprehension and recall","volume":"11","author":"Bransford","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2013.00139","article-title":"The influence of prior knowledge on memory: A developmental cognitive neuroscience perspective","volume":"7","author":"Brod","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2005.00438.x","article-title":"Young children\u2019s rapid learning about artifacts","volume":"8","author":"Casler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00021","article-title":"Scene complexity: Influence on perception, memory, and development in the medial temporal lobe","volume":"4","author":"Chai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2024.101340","article-title":"From vision to memory: How scene-sensitive regions support episodic memory formation during child development","volume":"65","author":"Chai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0055","unstructured":"Chi, M. T. H. (1978). Knowledge structures and memory development. In R. S. Siegler (Ed.), Children\u2019s thinking: What develops? (pp. 73-96). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0060","unstructured":"Craik, F. I. M. (1986). A functional account of age differences in memory. In F. Klix (Ed.), Human memory and cognitive capabilities (pp. 409-422). North-Holland."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12144","article-title":"The self-reference effect on memory in early childhood","volume":"85","author":"Cunningham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(03)00098-2","article-title":"Acquiring an understanding of design: Evidence from children\u2019s insight problem solving","volume":"89","author":"Defeyter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2014.04.001","article-title":"Early metacognitive abilities: The interplay of monitoring and control processes in 5- to 7-year-old children","volume":"126","author":"Destan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2021.11.002","article-title":"Three cortical scene systems and their development","volume":"26","author":"Dilks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.050","article-title":"Neural specificity of scene representations is related to memory performance in childhood","volume":"199","author":"Fandakova","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(71)90025-9","article-title":"Stage-Related properties of cognitive development","volume":"2","author":"Flavell","year":"1971","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000752","article-title":"The respective contribution of cognitive control and working memory to semantic and subjective organization in aging","volume":"38","author":"Frick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2017.09.002","article-title":"Development of item-space and item-time binding","volume":"17","author":"Ghetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2012.05.002","article-title":"Neural changes underlying the development of episodic memory during middle childhood","volume":"2","author":"Ghetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.010","article-title":"What is a memory schema? a historical perspective on current neuroscience literature","volume":"53","author":"Ghosh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2022.2055751","article-title":"A review of procedural and declarative metamemory development across childhood","volume":"29","author":"Godfrey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_bib277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106043","article-title":"The development of self-initiated visuo-spatial working memory","volume":"247","author":"Gorohovsky","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000129","article-title":"Visual scenes are categorized by function","volume":"145","author":"Greene","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"126","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0130","first-page":"1","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of associative memory from childhood to adulthood: A behavioral and neuroimaging study","volume":"7","author":"Guillery-Girard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haden, C. A. (2014). Interactions of knowledge and memory in the development of skilled remembering. In P. J. Bauer & R. Fivush (Eds.), The Wiley Handbook on the Development of Children\u2019s Memory (pp. 809-835). Wiley Blackwell.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118597705.ch35"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2017.09.008","article-title":"Influence of semantic consistency and perceptual features on visual attention during scene viewing in toddlers","volume":"49","author":"Helo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infant Behavior & Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1348\/026151009X479042","article-title":"Self-paced study time as a cue for recall predictions across school age","volume":"28","author":"Hoffmann-Biencourt","year":"2010","journal-title":"The British Journal of Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.04.013","article-title":"Object Vision in a Structured World","volume":"23","author":"Kaiser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610385359","article-title":"Scene memory is more detailed than you think: The role of categories in visual long-term memory","volume":"21","author":"Konkle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/1165955","article-title":"An interview study of children\u2019s knowledge about memory","volume":"40","author":"Kreutzer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2019.100741","article-title":"Changes in anterior and posterior hippocampus differentially predict item-space, item-time, and item-item memory improvement","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12447","article-title":"A time and place for everything: Developmental differences in the building blocks of episodic memory","volume":"87","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0175","first-page":"529","article-title":"Some of the thousand words a picture is worth","volume":"2","author":"Mandler","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(78)90114-5","article-title":"Developmental changes in picture recognition","volume":"26","author":"Mandler","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(83)90043-7","article-title":"Developmental aspects of the generation effect","volume":"36","author":"McFarland","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.02.025","article-title":"Prolonged functional development of the parahippocampal place area and occipital place area","volume":"191","author":"Meissner","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelson, T., & Narens, I. (1990). Metamemory: A theoretical framework and new findings. In G. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 26, pp. 125-173). Academic Press. Doi: 10.1016\/S0079-7421(08)60053-5.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-7421(08)60053-5"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10012","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1082-11.2012","article-title":"The development of brain systems associated with successful memory retrieval of scenes","volume":"32","author":"Ofen","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1950","article-title":"Development of the declarative memory system in the human brain","volume":"10","author":"Ofen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2019.104782","article-title":"Development of scene knowledge: Evidence from explicit and implicit scene knowledge measures","volume":"194","author":"Ohlschlager","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2407(08)60390-0","article-title":"Effects of the knowledge base on children\u2019s memory strategies","volume":"19","author":"Ornstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2012.01736.x","article-title":"How do the different components of episodic memory develop? Role of executive functions and short-term feature-binding abilities","volume":"83","author":"Picard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02686766","article-title":"Recalling pictures and words: Reversing the generation effect","volume":"9","author":"Pring","year":"1990","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(84)90130-9","article-title":"The use of categorical organization: Not an all-or-none situation","volume":"38","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(81)90024-2","article-title":"Long-term memory and retrieval at ages 2, 3, 4","volume":"31","author":"Ratner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roebers, C. M. (2014). Children\u2019s deliberate memory development: The contribution of strategies and metacognitive processes. In P. J. Bauer & R. Fivush (Eds.), The Wiley handbook on the development of children\u2019s memory (pp. 865\u2013894). Wiley Blackwell.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118597705.ch37"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2019.01.010","article-title":"Memory enhancements from active control of learning emerge across development","volume":"186","author":"Ruggeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0250","first-page":"287","article-title":"Children\u2019s memory for Objects in Self-Generated Scenes","volume":"30","author":"Saarnio","year":"1984","journal-title":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acdb.2022.04.006","article-title":"The development of metacognitive knowledge from childhood to young adulthood: Major trends and educational implications","volume":"63","author":"Schneider","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0260","unstructured":"Sodian, B., & Schneider, W. (1999). Memory strategy development \u2013 Gradual increase, sudden insight or roller coaster? In F. E. Weinert, & W. Schneider (Eds.), Individual development from 3 to 12: Findings from the Munich longitudinal study (pp. 61-77). Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.11.003","article-title":"The meaning and structure of scenes","volume":"181","author":"Vo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029333","article-title":"A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. Perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization","volume":"138","author":"Wagemans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-021-01169-y","article-title":"The role of metacognition and schematic support in younger and older adults\u2019 episodic memory","volume":"50","author":"Whatley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022096526000640?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022096526000640?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:50:23Z","timestamp":1777737023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022096526000640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S0022096526000640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0965","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Strategic self-initiated encoding in object-location memory in 8\u201310-year-old children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106512","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106512"}}