{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:50:05Z","timestamp":1791348605971,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,9,21]],"date-time":"2027-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1821484800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":232,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DC014708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DC014708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DC018593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DC018593"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:36:57Z","timestamp":1790012217000},"page":"106669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Recovery from semantic prediction violations during sentence processing in preschoolers with and without developmental language disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"274","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Rose","family":"Yuile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Deevy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence B.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arielle","family":"Borovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2006\/068)","article-title":"Factors that influence lexical and semantic fast mapping of young children with specific language impairment","volume":"49","author":"Alt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(99)00059-1","article-title":"Incremental interpretation at verbs: Restricting the domain of subsequent reference","volume":"73","author":"Altmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2011.09.003","article-title":"Auditory word recognition of nouns and verbs in children with specific Language Impairment (SLI)","volume":"45","author":"Andreu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01917","article-title":"Do Children with SLI use verbs to predict arguments and adjuncts: Evidence from eye movements during listening","volume":"6","author":"Andreu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716411000592","article-title":"Anticipatory sentence processing in children with specific language impairment: Evidence from eye movements during listening","volume":"34","author":"Andreu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Applied Psycholinguistics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820500442602","article-title":"Short-term and working memory in specific language impairment","volume":"41","author":"Archibald","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9924(03)00019-4","article-title":"Working memory and language: An overview","volume":"36","author":"Baddeley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.09.002","article-title":"Analyzing \u2018visual world\u2019 eyetracking data using multilevel logistic regression","volume":"59","author":"Barr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_bib423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12335","article-title":"Why is it so hard to reach agreement on terminology? the case of developmental language disorder (DLD)","volume":"52","author":"Bishop","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop, D. V., Snowling, M. J., Thompson, P. A., Greenhalgh, T., & CATALISE-2 consortium. (2017). CATALISE: A multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development. Phase 2. Terminology. PeerJ Preprints. Doi: 10.7287\/peerj.preprints.2484v2.","DOI":"10.7287\/peerj.preprints.2484v2"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0055","first-page":"341","article-title":"Praat, a system for doing phonetics by computer","volume":"5","author":"Boersma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glot. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_bib424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2021.105349","article-title":"Developmental changes in how children generalize from their experience to support predictive linguistic processing","volume":"219","author":"Borovsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.09.001","article-title":"Lexical Activation during Sentence Comprehension in Adolescents with history of specific Language Impairment","volume":"46","author":"Borovsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035591","article-title":"Children and adults integrate talker and verb information in online processing","volume":"50","author":"Borovsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2012.01.005","article-title":"Knowing a lot for one\u2019s age: Vocabulary skill and not age is associated with anticipatory incremental sentence interpretation in children and adults","volume":"112","author":"Borovsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-015-0340-0","article-title":"Graded expectations: Predictive processing and the adjustment of expectations during spoken language comprehension","volume":"15","author":"Boudewyn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0080","unstructured":"Brooks, P. J. (2017). Modeling the semantic networks of school-age children with specific language impairment and their typical peers. 114\u2013127."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.113.2.234","article-title":"Becoming syntactic","volume":"113","author":"Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0090","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predictive use of grammatical gender during noun phrase decoding: An eye-tracking study with German children with developmental language disorder","author":"Cholewa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X1500031X","article-title":"The Now-or-never bottleneck: A fundamental constraint on language","volume":"39","author":"Christiansen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2020.106027","article-title":"Real time comprehension of spanish articles in children with developmental language disorder: Empirical evidence from eye movements","volume":"87","author":"Christou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00342.x","article-title":"Developmental language disorders \u2013 a follow\u2010up in later adult life. Cognitive, language and psychosocial outcomes","volume":"46","author":"Clegg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0110","series-title":"SPELT-P 2: Structured photographic Expressive Language Test","author":"Dawson","year":"2005"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2004\/060)","article-title":"The Comprehension of Wh -questions in Children with specific Language Impairment","volume":"47","author":"Deevy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-L-18-0038","article-title":"Sensitivity to morphosyntactic information in preschool children with and without developmental language disorder: A follow-up study","volume":"61","author":"Deevy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"1634","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0394","article-title":"The P-chain: Relating sentence production and its disorders to comprehension and acquisition","volume":"369","author":"Dell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0130","series-title":"Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test","author":"Dunn","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00725.x","article-title":"Schools as developmental contexts during adolescence","volume":"21","author":"Eccles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0140","series-title":"PTONI: Primary test of nonverbal intelligence","author":"Ehrler","year":"2008"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.180877","article-title":"Do children learn from their prediction mistakes? A registered report evaluating error-based theories of language acquisition","volume":"7","author":"Fazekas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00531.x","article-title":"Thinking ahead: The role and roots of prediction in language comprehension","volume":"44","author":"Federmeier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1006\/jmla.1999.2660","article-title":"A Rose by any other name: Long-Term memory Structure and Sentence processing","volume":"41","author":"Federmeier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00335","article-title":"The role of domain-general cognitive control in language comprehension","volume":"5","author":"Fedorenko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, F., & Lowder, M. W. (2016). Prediction, Information Structure, and Good-Enough Language Processing. In Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 65, pp. 217\u2013247). Elsevier. Doi: 10.1016\/bs.plm.2016.04.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.plm.2016.04.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13465","article-title":"The relation between preschoolers\u2019 vocabulary development and their ability to predict and recognize words","volume":"92","author":"Gambi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1080\/17549507.2018.1559883","article-title":"Cognitive predictors of sentence comprehension in children with and without developmental language disorder: Implications for assessment and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Gillam","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"1803","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0502","article-title":"Childhood as a solution to explore\u2013exploit tensions","volume":"375","author":"Gopnik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.3002.196","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of four vocabulary tests administered to preschool-age children","volume":"30","author":"Gray","year":"1999","journal-title":"Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenslade, K. J., Plante, E., & Vance, R. (2009). The Diagnostic Accuracy and Construct Validity of the Structured Photographic Expressive Language Test\u2014Preschool: Second Edition. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 40(2), 150\u2013160. Doi: 10.1044\/0161-1461(2008\/07-0049).","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2008\/07-0049)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01273.x","article-title":"Mass univariate analysis of event-related brain potentials\/fields I: A critical tutorial review","volume":"48","author":"Groppe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/15475441.2017.1340842","article-title":"Regularizing Unpredictable Variation: Evidence from a Natural Language setting","volume":"14","author":"Hendricks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Language Learning and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomm.2021.637585","article-title":"Developmental Language Disorder as Syntactic Prediction Impairment","volume":"6","author":"Hestvik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Communication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.02.014","article-title":"Four central questions about prediction in language processing","volume":"1626","author":"Huettig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2008.00768.x","article-title":"Does input influence uptake? Links between maternal talk, processing speed and vocabulary size in Spanish-learning children","volume":"11","author":"Hurtado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3461","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-022-01969-3","article-title":"Analysing data from the psycholinguistic visual-world paradigm: Comparison of different analysis methods","volume":"55","author":"Ito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kail, R. (1991). Developmental change in speed of processing during childhood and adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 109(3), 490\u2013501. (1991-20909-001). Doi: 10.1037\/0033-2909.109.3.490.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-2909.109.3.490"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3702.418","article-title":"A method for studying the generalized slowing hypothesis in children with specific language impairment","volume":"37","author":"Kail","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-596X(03)00023-8","article-title":"The time-course of prediction in incremental sentence processing: Evidence from anticipatory eye movements","volume":"49","author":"Kamide","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_bib421","series-title":"KABC-II NU: Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Normative Update","author":"Kaufman","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kray, J., Sommerfeld, L., Borovsky, A., & H\u00e4user, K. (2024). The role of prediction error in the development of language learning and memory. Child Development Perspectives, cdep.12515. Doi: 10.1111\/cdep.12515.","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12515"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1044\/2024_JSLHR-23-00600","article-title":"Verb Vocabulary Supports Event Probability Use in Developmental Language Disorder","volume":"67","author":"Kueser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1044\/2026_JSLHR-25-00121","article-title":"Sentence Prediction Deficits in Developmental Language Disorder are a product of Vocabulary Knowledge and Processing Abilities","volume":"69","author":"Kueser","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2010.12.002","article-title":"The time course of anticipatory constraint integration","volume":"119","author":"Kukona","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2015.1102299","article-title":"What do we mean by prediction in language comprehension?","volume":"31","author":"Kuperberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Language, Cognition and Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.131123","article-title":"Thirty years and counting: Finding meaning in the N400 component of the event related brain potential (ERP)","volume":"62","author":"Kutas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0275","unstructured":"Lenth, R. V., & Piaskowski, J. (2025). emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means. https:\/\/rvlenth.github.io\/emmeans\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_bib422","first-page":"1","article-title":"LmerTest package: tests in linear mixed effects models","volume":"82","author":"Kuznestsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of statistical software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0280","series-title":"Children with specific language impairment","author":"Leonard","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0285","first-page":"843","article-title":"Prediction during language processing is a piece of cake\u2014But only for skilled producers","volume":"38","author":"Mani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024","article-title":"Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data","volume":"164","author":"Maris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6069","DOI":"10.1044\/2025_JSLHR-25-00089","article-title":"Developmental Language Disorder as a Multidimensional Neurodevelopmental Spectrum: Implications for Diagnosis","volume":"68","author":"McGregor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/034)","article-title":"Speed of processing in children with specific language impairment","volume":"44","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/07-0116)","article-title":"Complex sentence comprehension and working memory in children with specific language impairment","volume":"52","author":"Montgomery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-L-17-0421","article-title":"Structural relationship between cognitive processing and syntactic sentence comprehension in children with and without developmental language disorder","volume":"61","author":"Montgomery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716418000383","article-title":"Vocabulary size and Native Speaker self-identification influence flexibility in linguistic prediction among adult bilinguals","volume":"39","author":"Peters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Applied Psycholinguistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pickering, M. J., & Gambi, C. (2018). Predicting while comprehending language: A theory and review. Psychological Bulletin, 144(10), 1002\u20131044. (2018-31464-001). Doi: 10.1037\/bul0000158.","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000158"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porretta, V., Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen, A.-J., Rij, J. van, & J\u00e4rvikivi, J. (2016). VWPre: Tools for Preprocessing Visual World Data. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=VWPre.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.VWPre"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0330","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2023). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000754","article-title":"Predict and redirect: Prediction errors support children\u2019s word learning","volume":"55","author":"Reuter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12534","article-title":"Infants\u2019 lexical comprehension and lexical anticipation abilities are closely linked in early language development","volume":"28","author":"Reuter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infancy"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000044","article-title":"The slow developmental time course of real-time spoken word recognition","volume":"51","author":"Rigler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lingua.2019.06.009","article-title":"Eye tracking reveals subtle spoken sentence comprehension problems in children with dyslexia","volume":"228","author":"Robertson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lingua"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2023.08.003","article-title":"Prediction during language comprehension: What is next?","volume":"27","author":"Ryskin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0360","unstructured":"Schroeder, M. L., Yuille, A. R., Outzen, C., Brown, B., Christ, S. L., Adams, M., Patterson, C., Stiegler, R., & Borovsky, A. (2026). What Predicts Predictive Processing? [Conference presentation]. Symposium on Research in Child Language Disorders (SRCLD), Madison, WI, United States."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4096","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-20-00265","article-title":"Sustained attention in developmental language disorder and its relation to working memory and language","volume":"63","author":"Smolak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2023.105690","article-title":"Even young children make multiple predictions in the complex visual world","volume":"235","author":"Sommerfeld","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2017.02.008","article-title":"Expectancy violations promote learning in young children","volume":"163","author":"Stahl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/lnc3.12151","article-title":"The effect of lexical predictability on eye movements in reading: Critical review and theoretical interpretation","volume":"9","author":"Staub","year":"2015","journal-title":"Language and Linguistics Compass"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105821","article-title":"Insights from visual world paradigm studies on language prediction in children: A systematic review","volume":"261","author":"Theimann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4006.1245","article-title":"Prevalence of specific Language Impairment in Kindergarten Children","volume":"40","author":"Tomblin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR"},{"issue":"S6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12488","article-title":"Maternal socioeconomic status influences the range of expectations during language comprehension in adulthood","volume":"41","author":"Troyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1044\/2021_JSLHR-20-00227","article-title":"Word recognition and word prediction in preschoolers with (a suspicion of) a developmental language disorder: Evidence from eye tracking","volume":"64","author":"Van Alphen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.015","article-title":"Prediction during language comprehension: Benefits, costs, and ERP components","volume":"83","author":"Van Petten","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10849-019-09282-7","article-title":"Boon or Burden? the Role of Compositional Meaning in Figurative Language Processing and Acquisition","volume":"28","author":"Vulchanova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Logic, Language and Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0415","series-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2015.08.005","article-title":"Taking your own path: Individual differences in executive function and language processing skills in child learners","volume":"141","author":"Woodard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022096526002213?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022096526002213?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:54:06Z","timestamp":1791345246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022096526002213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["S0022096526002213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0965","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Recovery from semantic prediction violations during sentence processing in preschoolers with and without developmental language disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106669","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106669"}}