{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:49:58Z","timestamp":1791578998161,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/33\/B\/HS6\/02700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/33\/B\/HS6\/02700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:06:49Z","timestamp":1791302809000},"page":"106675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Do smiling faces change children\u2019s minds? Testing evaluative conditioning in 3\u20136\u2011year\u2011olds"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"275","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1906-216X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Balas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Uram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"W\u0105sowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939008406760","article-title":"Contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning: A case for unaware affective-evaluative learning","volume":"4","author":"Baeyens","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0010","unstructured":"Balas, R., Hanusz, K., Uram, P., & Wasowicz, J.. (accepted) Associative and Propositional Processes in Evaluative Conditioning Across the Lifespan: A Scoping Review. Topics in Cognitive Psychology \/ L\u2019Ann\u00e9e Psychologique, 0(0), 1\u201327."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001","article-title":"Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal","volume":"68","author":"Barr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0025","article-title":"Children\u2019s implicit attitude acquisition: Evaluative statements succeed, repeated pairings fail","volume":"0\u20131","author":"Charlesworth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1017\/S1138741600006491","article-title":"A conceptual and theoretical analysis of evaluative conditioning","volume":"10","author":"De Houwer","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Spanish Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3758\/LB.37.1.1","article-title":"The propositional approach to associative learning as an alternative for association formation models","volume":"37","author":"De Houwer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Learning & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Houwer, J. (2018). Propositional models of evaluative conditioning. Social Psychological Bulletin, 13(3), Article e28046. Doi: 10.5964\/spb.v13i3.28046.","DOI":"10.5964\/spb.v13i3.28046"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.127.6.853","article-title":"Association learning of likes and dislikes: A review of 25 years of research on human evaluative conditioning","volume":"127","author":"De Houwer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750","article-title":"Executive functions","volume":"64","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22244","article-title":"Learning to like triangles: A longitudinal investigation of evaluative conditioning in infancy","volume":"64","author":"Doyle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Developmental Psychobiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929042304787","article-title":"Mechanisms of eye gaze perception during infancy","volume":"16","author":"Farroni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.03.006","article-title":"I don\u2019t like it because it eats sprouts: Conditioning preferences in children","volume":"44","author":"Field","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5964\/spb.v13i3.28024","article-title":"Evaluative conditioning from the perspective of the associative-propositional evaluation model","volume":"13","author":"Gawronski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Social Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00476","article-title":"Variability and detection of invariant structure","volume":"13","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2020.1854187","article-title":"Liked for their looks: Evaluative conditioning and the generalisation of conditioned attitudes in early childhood","volume":"35","author":"Halbeisen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2021.105472","article-title":"How to promote healthy eating in preschool children: Evidence from an associative conditioning procedure with non-food stimuli","volume":"166","author":"Halbeisen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12657","article-title":"Evaluative conditioning and the development of attitudes in early childhood","volume":"88","author":"Halbeisen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2010.09.001","article-title":"Young infants prefer prosocial to antisocial others","volume":"26","author":"Hamlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19931","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110306108","article-title":"How infants and toddlers react to antisocial others","volume":"108","author":"Hamlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02895029","article-title":"Comparison of five teacher actions to encourage children\u2019s new food acceptance","volume":"21","author":"Hendy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018916","article-title":"Evaluative conditioning in humans: A meta-analysis","volume":"136","author":"Hofmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026477","article-title":"Dissociating contingency awareness and conditioned attitudes: Evidence of contingency-unaware evaluative conditioning","volume":"141","author":"H\u00fctter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014747","article-title":"Implicit misattribution as a mechanism underlying evaluative conditioning","volume":"96","author":"Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X09000855","article-title":"The propositional nature of human associative learning","volume":"32","author":"Mitchell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1068\/p220463","article-title":"Evidence for representations of perceptually similar natural categories by 3-month-old and 4-month-old infants","volume":"22","author":"Quinn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2017.03.015","article-title":"I like it by mere association: Conditioning preferences in infants","volume":"161","author":"Richmond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"5294","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5294.1926","article-title":"Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants","volume":"274","author":"Saffran","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/25152459231178728","article-title":"How many participants do I need to test an interaction?","author":"Sommet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868314527832","article-title":"The role of awareness in attitude formation through evaluative conditioning","volume":"18","author":"Sweldens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1086\/653656","article-title":"Evaluative conditioning procedures and the resilience of conditioned brand attitudes","volume":"37","author":"Sweldens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0001296","article-title":"Age-related changes in controllable and uncontrollable processes underlying evaluative conditioning: A comparison between children ages 7 to 11 and young adults","volume":"58","author":"Waroquier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.2307\/1130476","article-title":"The segregation of items into categories by ten-month-old infants","volume":"56","author":"Younger","year":"1985","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"2, Pt.2","key":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0025848","article-title":"Attitudinal effects of mere exposure","volume":"9","author":"Zajonc","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022096526002274?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022096526002274?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:05:34Z","timestamp":1791576334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022096526002274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,3]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0022096526002274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0965","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Do smiling faces change children\u2019s minds? Testing evaluative conditioning in 3\u20136\u2011year\u2011olds","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2026.106675","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106675"}}