{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:21:03Z","timestamp":1788322863686,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,24]],"date-time":"2007-07-24T11:10:46Z","timestamp":1185275446000},"page":"955-964","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Quantification of abdominal and pelvic floor muscle synergies in response to voluntary pelvic floor muscle contractions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"St\u00e9phanie J.","family":"Madill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10052","article-title":"The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society","volume":"21","author":"Abrams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02570.x","article-title":"Pelvic floor damage and childbirth: a neurophysiological study","volume":"97","author":"Allen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00231718","article-title":"Directional specificity of postural muscles in feed-forward postural reactions during fast voluntary arm movements","volume":"103","author":"Aruin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02125-8","article-title":"Increase in pelvic floor muscle activity after 12 weeks\u2019 training: a randomized prospective pilot study","volume":"60","author":"Aukee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6777(1997)16:4<237::AID-NAU2>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"The pelvic floor muscles: muscle thickness in healthy and urinary-incontinent women measured by perineal ultrasonography with reference to the effect of pelvic floor training. Estrogen receptor studies","volume":"16","author":"Bernstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10153","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle strength and response to pelvic floor muscle training for stress urinary incontinence","volume":"22","author":"B\u00f8","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-004-1125-0","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training is effective in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, but how does it work?","volume":"15","author":"B\u00f8","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0412.2003.00240.x","article-title":"Is there any difference in measurement of pelvic floor muscle strength in supine and standing position?","volume":"82","author":"B\u00f8","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930090504","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle exercise for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: II. Validity of vaginal pressure measurements of pelvic floor muscle strength and the necessity of supplementary methods for control of correct contraction","volume":"9","author":"B\u00f8","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib10","first-page":"261","article-title":"Knowledge about and ability to correct pelvic floor muscle exercises in women with urinary stress incontinence","volume":"7","author":"B\u00f8","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930130106","article-title":"Needle EMG registration of striated urethral wall and pelvic floor muscle activity patterns during cough, valsalva, abdominal, hip adductor, and gluteal muscle contractions in nulliparous healthy females","volume":"13","author":"B\u00f8","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib12","first-page":"1028","article-title":"Clinical and urodynamic assessment of nulliparous young women with and without stress incontinence symptoms: a case-control study","volume":"84","author":"B\u00f8","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(99)00054-5","article-title":"Normalization of EMG amplitude: an evaluation and comparison of old and new methods","volume":"21","author":"Burden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38063-1","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and correlates of urinary incontinence in healthy, middle-aged women","volume":"146","author":"Burgio","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)54148-8","article-title":"Spatial distribution and timing of transmitted and reflexly generated urethral pressures in healthy women","volume":"127","author":"Constantinou","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1993.tb06455.x","article-title":"Activity patterns of pubococcygeal muscles in nulliparous continent women","volume":"72","author":"Deindl","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1994.tb07606.x","article-title":"Pelvic floor activity patterns: comparison of nulliparous continent and parous urinary stress incontinent women. A kinesiological EMG study","volume":"73","author":"Deindl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199006000-00014","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of urinary continence","volume":"33","author":"DeLancey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20018","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of pelvic floor muscle function in continent and incontinent women","volume":"23","author":"Devreese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10156","article-title":"Development of a dynamometer for measuring the isometric force of the pelvic floor musculature","volume":"22","author":"Dumoulin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880060622","article-title":"MR imaging of the female pelvic floor in the supine and upright positions","volume":"6","author":"Fielding","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Magnet Reson Imag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20201","article-title":"Reliability of pelvic floor muscle strength assessment using different test positions and tools","volume":"25","author":"Frawley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6777(1999)18:6<613::AID-NAU11>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Female stress, urge, and mixed urinary incontinence are associated with a chronic and progressive pelvic floor\/vaginal neuromuscular disorder: an investigation of 317 healthy and incontinent women using vaginal surface electromyography","volume":"18","author":"Gunnarsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1159\/000292282","article-title":"Comparative assessment of pelvic floor function using vaginal cones, vaginal digital palpation and vaginal pressure measurements","volume":"41","author":"Hahn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib25","series-title":"The pelvic floor","first-page":"81","article-title":"Low back pain and the pelvic floor","author":"Hodges","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib26","series-title":"Statistical methods for psychology","author":"Howell","year":"2002"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1951.03670100035008","article-title":"Physiologic therapy for urinary stress incontinence","volume":"146","author":"Kegel","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib28","series-title":"Incontinence 2nd international consultation on incontinence","first-page":"203","article-title":"Pathophysiology","author":"Koelbl","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1991.tb15219.x","article-title":"Urethral pressure and power generation during coughing and voluntary contraction of the pelvic floor in females with genuine stress incontinence","volume":"67","author":"Lose","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1991.tb15218.x","article-title":"Urethral pressure and power generation during coughing and voluntary contraction of the pelvic floor in healthy females","volume":"67","author":"Lose","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20285","article-title":"Relationship between abdominal and pelvic floor muscle activation and intravaginal pressure during pelvic floor muscle contractions in healthy continent women","volume":"25","author":"Madill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)01636-0","article-title":"Urodynamics of the female lower urinary tract","volume":"12","author":"Massey","year":"1985","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(02)00071-8","article-title":"Crosstalk in surface electromyography of the proximal forearm during gripping tasks","volume":"13","author":"Mogk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920200027","article-title":"Pelvic floor and abdominal muscle interaction: EMG activity and intra-abdominal pressure","volume":"13","author":"Neumann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib35","series-title":"The female pelvic floor: disorders of function and support","first-page":"3","article-title":"Anatomy of Female Pelvic Support","author":"Retzky","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.24297","article-title":"Contraction of the pelvic floor muscles during abdominal maneuvers","volume":"82","author":"Sapsford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6777(2001)20:1<31::AID-NAU5>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Co-activation of the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles during voluntary exercises","volume":"20","author":"Sapsford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1989.tb01571.x","article-title":"The role of partial denervation of the pelvic floor in the aetiology of genitourinary prolapse and stress incontinence of urine. A neurophysiological study","volume":"96","author":"Smith","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib39","series-title":"The pelvic floor","first-page":"35","article-title":"Musculoskeletal chronic pelvic pain","author":"Spitznagle","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6777(1997)16:6<553::AID-NAU5>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Relationship between urethral and vaginal pressures during pelvic muscle contraction","volume":"16","author":"Theofrastous","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20183","article-title":"Altered muscle activation patterns in symptomatic women during pelvic floor muscle contraction and Valsalva manouevre","volume":"25","author":"Thompson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2004.08.011","article-title":"Abdominal muscle recruitment during a range of voluntary exercises","volume":"10","author":"Urquhart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Manual therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1970.tb04483.x","article-title":"The electrical activity of the paraurethral and perineal muscles in normal and pathological conditions","volume":"42","author":"Vereecken","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001_bib44","series-title":"Essentials of human anatomy","author":"Woodburne","year":"1988"}],"container-title":["Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050641107000685?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050641107000685?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T09:13:14Z","timestamp":1629450794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1050641107000685"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1050641107000685"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.05.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-6411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-6411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}}}