{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:43:47Z","timestamp":1783525427311,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008974","name":"University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T11:42:52Z","timestamp":1581939772000},"page":"102404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Lower limb kinematics in individuals with chronic low back pain during walking"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Atefeh","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Masoud","family":"Arab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Nourbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayed Mohsen","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Forghany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E135","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000201325.89493.5f","article-title":"Effects of pelvic asymmetry and low back pain on trunk kinematics during sitting: a comparison with standing","volume":"31","author":"Al-Eisa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-5138(03)00081-3","article-title":"Fluctuating asymmetry and low back pain","volume":"25","author":"Al-Eisa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Evol. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"9178","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01312-4","article-title":"Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain","volume":"354","author":"Andersson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3467(07)60144-X","article-title":"Sagittal plane blockage of the foot, ankle and hallux and foot alignment-prevalence and association with low back pain","volume":"5","author":"Brantingham","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chiropractic Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4027-6","article-title":"Prevalence of gluteus medius weakness in people with chronic low back pain compared to healthy controls","volume":"25","author":"Cooper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0030","first-page":"11(3&4)","article-title":"Pelvic skeletal asymmetry, postural control, and the association with low back pain: a review of the evidence","author":"Egan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit. Rev.\u2122 Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)13441-3","article-title":"Extensive reorganization of primary somatosensory cortex in chronic back pain patients","volume":"224","author":"Flor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138397","article-title":"A joint coordinate system for the clinical description of three-dimensional motions: application to the knee","volume":"105","author":"Grood","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(01)00040-7","article-title":"Inter-segment foot motion and ground reaction forces over the stance phase of walking","volume":"16","author":"Hunt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0050","first-page":"663","article-title":"Effect of physiotherapy and hippotherapy on kinematics of lower limbs during walking in patients with chronic low back pain: A pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Janura","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Educ. Sport"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2013.07.004","article-title":"Comparison of erector spinae and hamstring muscle activities and lumbar motion during standing knee flexion in subjects with and without lumbar extension rotation syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1572-7","article-title":"Influences of lumbar disc herniation on the kinematics in multi-segmental spine, pelvis, and lower extremities during five activities of daily living","volume":"18","author":"Kuai","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(01)00146-1","article-title":"Pelvis\u2013thorax coordination in the transverse plane during gait","volume":"16","author":"Lamoth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2003.10.006","article-title":"Effects of experimentally induced pain and fear of pain on trunk coordination and back muscle activity during walking","volume":"19","author":"Lamoth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E92","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200202150-00016","article-title":"Pelvis-thorax coordination in the transverse plane during walking in persons with nonspecific low back pain","volume":"27","author":"Lamoth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(99)00008-X","article-title":"An anatomically based protocol for the description of foot segment kinematics during gait","volume":"14","author":"Leardini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2014.06.011","article-title":"The relationship between the piriformis muscle, low back pain, lower limb injuries and motor control training among elite football players","volume":"18","author":"Leung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.25.65","article-title":"The relationship between pelvic tilt angle and disability associated with low back pain","volume":"25","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Therapy Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.10.009","article-title":"Invasive in vivo measurement of rear-, mid- and forefoot motion during walking","volume":"28","author":"Lundgren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacRae, C.S., Critchley, D., 2018. Comparison of standing postural control and gait parameters in people with and without chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional case-control study. 4,1,e000286.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2017-000286"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2009.04.005","article-title":"The eccentric, concentric strength relationship of the hamstring muscles in chronic low back pain","volume":"20","author":"Marshall","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2010.08.017","article-title":"Gluteus medius strength, endurance, and co-activation in the development of low back pain during prolonged standing","volume":"30","author":"Marshall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-012-3008-9","article-title":"Corticomotor control of deep abdominal muscles in chronic low back pain and anticipatory postural adjustments","volume":"218","author":"Masse-Alarie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-2009-0239","article-title":"Lower limb involvement in spinal function and low back pain","volume":"22","author":"McGregor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Back Musculoskeletal Rehabil."},{"issue":"1375","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1996.0202","article-title":"Euler buckling as a model for the curvature and flexion of the human lumbar spine","volume":"263","author":"Meakin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. B: Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.01.042","article-title":"Low back pain affects trunk as well as lower limb movements during walking and running","volume":"48","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.05.016","article-title":"Automatic detection of gait events using kinematic data","volume":"25","author":"O'Connor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2006.11.011","article-title":"Spine stability: The six blind men and the elephant","volume":"22","author":"Peter Reeves","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0145","first-page":"13","article-title":"Passive hip range of motion is reduced in active subjects with chronic low back pain compared to controls","volume":"10","author":"Roach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(00)00070-9","article-title":"Symmetry and limb dominance in able-bodied gait: a review","volume":"12","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.5604\/15093492.1186813","article-title":"Correlation between hip rotation range-of-motion impairment and low back pain. A literature review","volume":"17","author":"Sadeghisani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.11.012","article-title":"Low back pain status affects pelvis-trunk coordination and variability during walking and running","volume":"26","author":"Seay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0165","unstructured":"Seay Jr, J.F., 2008. Lumbo-sacral loads and pelvis-trunk coordination in runners with chronic and resolved acute low back pain, ProQuest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0170","article-title":"Altered lower limb kinematics during jumping among athletes with persistent low back pain","author":"Sheikhhoseini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Appl. Sport Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002161","article-title":"A kinematic symmetry index of gait pattern between older adults with and without low back pain","author":"Sung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.08.006","article-title":"Comparison of the different kinematic patterns during lateral bending between subjects with and without recurrent low back pain","volume":"38","author":"Sung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0185","article-title":"Postural restoration: a tri-planar asymmetrical framework for understanding, assessing, and treatingscoliosis and other spinal dysfunctions","author":"Susan Henning","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Phys. Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(00)00079-6","article-title":"Symmetry and linearity of trunk function in subjects with non-specific low back pain","volume":"16","author":"Tawfik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31821c4267","article-title":"ISSLS prize winner: Smudging the motor brain in young adults with recurrent low back pain","volume":"36","author":"Tsao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn154","article-title":"Reorganization of the motor cortex is associated with postural control deficits in recurrent low back pain","volume":"131","author":"Tsao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-43","article-title":"Applications of functional data analysis: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Ullah","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Method."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20172020","article-title":"Comparison of active calf muscle stretching versus ankle mobilisation on low back pain and lumbar flexibility in pronated foot subjects","volume":"4","author":"Vadivelan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Community Med. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2008.01.002","article-title":"Hip rotation range of motion in people with and without low back pain who participate in rotation-related sports","volume":"9","author":"Van Dillen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Therapy Sport"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.12.021","article-title":"Symmetry of timing of hip and lumbopelvic rotation motion in 2 different subgroups of people with low back pain","volume":"88","author":"Van Dillen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1054\/math.2002.0476","article-title":"Neuromuscular control of walking with chronic low-back pain","volume":"8","author":"Vogt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Manual Therapy"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00019","article-title":"Influences of nonspecific low back pain on three-dimensional lumbar spine kinematics in locomotion","volume":"26","author":"Vogt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/289491","article-title":"Analysis of asymmetry of the forces applied on the lower limb in subjects with nonspecific chronic low back pain","volume":"2014","author":"Zahraee","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2007.906963","article-title":"Dynamic stability of spine using stability-based optimization and muscle spindle reflex","volume":"16","author":"Zeinali-Davarani","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."}],"container-title":["Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050641120300195?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1050641120300195?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T05:57:46Z","timestamp":1760939866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1050641120300195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S1050641120300195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-6411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-6411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lower limb kinematics in individuals with chronic low back pain during walking","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102404","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102404"}}