{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:20:19Z","timestamp":1790601619823,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jem-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]],"date-time":"2018-09-26T02:02:29Z","timestamp":1537927349000},"page":"635-646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Management of Heart Failure in the Emergency Department Setting: An Evidence-Based Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4770-8869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brit","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Koyfman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3276-8375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Gottlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.300268","article-title":"Epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"113","author":"Roger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2010.165","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk profile of heart failure","volume":"8","author":"Bui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2008.08.010","article-title":"Acute heart failure risk stratification: can we define low risk?","volume":"5","author":"Collins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib4","first-page":"e28","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142014 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"129","author":"Go","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.01.006","article-title":"The burden of acute heart failure on U.S. emergency departments","volume":"2","author":"Storrow","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13151","article-title":"Acute heart failure in the emergency department: just a one night stand?","volume":"24","author":"Pang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib7","first-page":"421","article-title":"The role of the emergency department in the management of acute heart failure: an international perspective on education and research","volume":"6","author":"Pang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2006.10.024","article-title":"Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with acute heart failure syndromes","volume":"49","author":"Silvers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.019","article-title":"2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"62","author":"Yancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.025","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF\/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure","volume":"70","author":"Yancy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e154","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.553370","volume":"112","author":"Hunt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2010.04.004","article-title":"HFSA 2010 Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guidelines","volume":"16","author":"Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA)","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs104","volume":"33","author":"McMurray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.07.007","article-title":"Beyond pulmonary edema: diagnostic, risk stratification, and treatment challenges of acute heart failure management in the emergency department","volume":"51","author":"Collins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.18.2217","article-title":"Systolic blood pressure at admission, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure","volume":"296","author":"Gheorghiade","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.05.010","article-title":"Timing of immunoreactive B-type natriuretic peptide levels and treatment delay in acute decompensated heart failure: an ADHERE (Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry) analysis","volume":"52","author":"Maisel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7133.2009.00112.x","article-title":"Early vasoactive drugs improve heart failure outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Peacock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005419","article-title":"Diuretic strategies in patients with acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"364","author":"Felker","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.5152\/AnatolJCardiol.2015.6567","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of acute heart failure","volume":"15","author":"Ural","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anatol J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.11.009","article-title":"ACCF\/AHA guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"54","author":"Jessup","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.15.007","article-title":"Diagnosing and managing acute heart failure in the emergency department","volume":"2","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.08.008","article-title":"Approach to acute heart failure in the emergency department","volume":"60","author":"Hunter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2015.12.005","article-title":"Contemporary Treatment of Acute Heart Failure","volume":"58","author":"Hsiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.042","article-title":"Time-to-furosemide treatment and mortality in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure","volume":"69","author":"Matsue","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib25","first-page":"CD003178","article-title":"Continuous infusion versus bolus injection of loop diuretics in congestive heart failure","author":"Salvador","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2007.050419","article-title":"Morphine and outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure: an ADHERE analysis","volume":"25","author":"Peacock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib27","first-page":"63","article-title":"Kalp Yetmezli\u011finde \u0130leri Ultrafiltrasyon Se\u00e7ene\u011fi","volume":"24","author":"Kahveci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Klinik Geli\u015fim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib28","first-page":"1531","article-title":"Publication Committee for the VMAC Investigators (Vasodilation in the Management of Acute CHF). Intravenous nesiritide vs nitroglycerin for treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"287","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.073","article-title":"Ultrafiltration versus intravenous diuretics for patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"49","author":"Costanzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.05.098","article-title":"Ultrafiltration versus usual care for hospitalized patients with heart failure: the Relief for Acutely Fluid-Overloaded Patients With Decompensated Congestive Heart Failure (RAPID-CHF) trial","volume":"46","author":"Bart","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1210357","article-title":"Ultrafiltration in decompensated heart failure with cardiorenal syndrome","volume":"367","author":"Bart","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib32","first-page":"417","article-title":"Meta-analysis of ultrafiltration versus diuretics treatment option for overload volume reduction in patients with acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"104","author":"Barkoudah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-013-0365-3","article-title":"The role of the emergency department in the patient with acute heart failure","volume":"15","author":"Horton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.08.005","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United States: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE)","volume":"149","author":"Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1159\/000093612","article-title":"ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and Investigators; Adhere Study Group. Impact of early initiation of intravenous therapy for acute decompensated heart failure on outcomes in ADHERE","volume":"107","author":"Peacock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib36","first-page":"510","article-title":"Acute decompensated heart failure. Contemporary medical management","volume":"36","author":"Joseph","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tex Hearst Inst J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)08417-1","article-title":"Randomised trial of high-dose isosorbide dinitrate plus low-dose furosemide versus high-dose furosemide plus low-dose isosorbide dinitrate in severe pulmonary oedema","volume":"351","author":"Cotter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000819","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation and survival in acute care settings: a comprehensive systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"43","author":"Cabrini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.08.015","article-title":"Randomized trial of bilevel versus continuous positive airway pressure for acute pulmonary edema","volume":"46","author":"Liesching","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707992","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"359","author":"Gray","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03492-9","article-title":"Noninvasive pressure support ventilation versus conventional oxygen therapy in acute cardiogenic oedema: a randomised trial","volume":"356","author":"Masip","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib42","first-page":"CD005351","article-title":"Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema","author":"Vital","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-006-0012-z","article-title":"Management of acute pulmonary edema in the emergency department","volume":"3","author":"Bellone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Heart Fail Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.05.043","article-title":"A comparison of bilevel and continuous positive airway pressure noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.961789","article-title":"Sympathetically mediated changes in capacitance: redistribution of the venous reservoir as a cause of decompensation","volume":"4","author":"Fallick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.783910","article-title":"Transition from chronic compensated to acute decompensated heart failure: pathophysiological insights obtained from continuous monitoring of intracardiac pressures","volume":"118","author":"Zile","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2008.12.013","article-title":"The rationale for an acute heart failure syndromes clinical trials network","volume":"15","author":"Collins","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-5299.2003.03203.x","article-title":"Management of acute decompensated heart failure in the emergency department","volume":"9","author":"Peacock","year":"2003","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2005.07.005","article-title":"Modern management of cardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"23","author":"Mattu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00785-3","article-title":"High-dose intravenous isosorbide-dinitrate is safer and better than Bi-PAP ventilation combined with conventional treatment for severe pulmonary edema","volume":"36","author":"Sharon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.02.022","article-title":"Treatment of severe decompensated heart failure with high-dose intravenous nitroglycerin: a feasibility and outcome analysis","volume":"50","author":"Levy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.10.038","article-title":"Use of nitroglycerin by bolus prevents intensive care unit admission in patients with acute hypertensive heart failure","volume":"35","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000297161.41559.93","article-title":"Vasodilators in the management of acute heart failure","volume":"36","author":"Elkayam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000159340.93220.E4","article-title":"Risk of worsening renal function with nesiritide in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure","volume":"111","author":"Sackner-Bernstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.15.1900","article-title":"Short-term risk of death after treatment with nesiritide for decompensated heart failure","volume":"293","author":"Sackner-Bernstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.15.1877","article-title":"Use of nesiritide before and after publications suggesting drug-related risks in patients with acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"296","author":"Hauptman","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20793","article-title":"Nesiritide in acute decompensated heart failure: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Abraham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1100171","article-title":"Effect of nesiritide in patients with acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"365","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.07.002","article-title":"Short and long-term mortality with nesiritide","volume":"152","author":"Arora","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.23.8.1081.32882","article-title":"Science or fiction: use of nesiritide as a first-line agent?","volume":"23","author":"Noviasky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib61","author":"Cowie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706043162301","article-title":"Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS)","volume":"316","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250501","article-title":"Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure","volume":"325","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200326120-00004","article-title":"Adverse effects of ACE inhibitors in patients with chronic heart failure and\/or ventricular dysfunction: meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials","volume":"26","author":"Agusti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1185\/0300799019117016","article-title":"Comparative haemodynamic responses to the first dose of short- and longacting ACE inhibitors in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Anthopoulos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00195933","article-title":"A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of buffered sublingual captopril in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"49","author":"McElnay","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000006875","article-title":"Bolus versus continuous low dose of enalaprilat in congestive heart failure with acute refractory decompensation","volume":"91","author":"Podbregar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(00)00095-7","article-title":"First dose hypotension after angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in chronic heart failure: a comparison of enalapril and perindopril","volume":"2","author":"Vitovec","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000525","volume":"136","author":"Van Diepen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001778","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of intravenous inotropic therapy in advanced heart failure","volume":"8","author":"Hashim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S62549","article-title":"Inotropes do not increase mortality in advanced heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Guglin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70250-4","article-title":"Continuous intravenous dobutamine is associated with an increased risk of death in patients with advanced heart failure: insights from the Flolan International Randomized Survival Trial (FIRST)","volume":"138","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.24","article-title":"Care processes and clinical outcomes of continuous outpatient support with inotropes (COSI) in patients with refractory endstage heart failure","volume":"9","author":"Hershberger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.839076","article-title":"Prognosis on chronic dobutamine or milrinone infusions for stage D heart failure","volume":"2","author":"Gorodeski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.613596","article-title":"Cardiogenic shock: current concepts and improving outcomes","volume":"117","author":"Reynolds","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.09.017","volume":"64","author":"Amsterdam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2014.06.017","volume":"7","author":"Kunadian","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00508-2","article-title":"Predictors of cardiogenic shock after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"35","author":"Hasdai","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1336","article-title":"Hemodynamic parameters are prognostically important in cardiogenic shock but similar following early revascularization or initial medical stabilization: a report from the SHOCK Trial","volume":"132","author":"Jeger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl193","article-title":"EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: description of population","volume":"27","author":"Nieminen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R291","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10584","article-title":"Baseline characteristics and hospital mortality in the Acute Heart Failure Database (AHEAD) main registry","volume":"15","author":"Spinar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2435-6","article-title":"Dobutamine for patients with severe heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"38","author":"Tacon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.282190","article-title":"Low-dose dopamine or low-dose nesiritide in acute heart failure with renal dysfunction: the ROSE acute heart failure randomized trial","volume":"310","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2010.07.246","article-title":"Impact of dopamine infusion on renal function in hospitalized heart failure patients: results of the Dopamine in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (DAD-HF) Trial","volume":"16","author":"Giamouzis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02968-6","article-title":"Heart failure etiology and response to milrinone in decompensated heart failure: results from the OPTIME-CHF study","volume":"41","author":"Felker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47G","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.07.021","article-title":"Reassessment of dobutamine, dopamine, and milrinone in the management of acute heart failure syndromes","volume":"96","author":"Bayram","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-2073-4","article-title":"Short-term survival by treatment among patients hospitalized with acute heart failure: the global ALARM-HF registry using propensity scoring methods","volume":"37","author":"Mebazaa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.04.051","article-title":"Epinephrine versus norepinephrine for cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"72","author":"Levy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8402","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008402","article-title":"Dopamine versus norepinephrine in the treatment of cardiogenic shock: a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Rui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907118","article-title":"SOAP II Investigators. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock","volume":"362","author":"De Backer","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208410","article-title":"Intraaortic balloon support for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock","volume":"367","author":"Thiele","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-001-0070-1","article-title":"High output cardiac failure","volume":"3","author":"Anand","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcn147","article-title":"High output heart failure","volume":"102","author":"Mehta","year":"2009","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.05.043","article-title":"High-output heart failure: a 15-year experience","volume":"68","author":"Reddy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2012.10.014","article-title":"Patients with acute heart failure in the emergency department: do they all need to be admitted?","volume":"18","author":"Pang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.03.003","article-title":"Emergency departments, acute heart failure, and admissions: one size does not fit all","volume":"2","author":"Pang","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12147","article-title":"Favorable bed utilization and readmission rates for emergency department observation unit heart failure patients","volume":"20","author":"Schrager","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-5299.2005.03844.x","article-title":"Emergency department observation of heart failure: preliminary analysis of safety and cost","volume":"11","author":"Storrow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.5.572","article-title":"ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee Study Group and Investigators. Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure: classification and regression tree analysis","volume":"293","author":"Fonarow","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2015.05.007","article-title":"Identification of emergency department patients with acute heart failure at low risk for 30-day adverse events: the STRATIFY decision tool","volume":"3","author":"Collins","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12056","article-title":"A risk scoring system to identify emergency department patients with heart failure at high risk for serious adverse events","volume":"20","author":"Stiell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13141","article-title":"Prospective and explicit clinical validation of the Ottawa Heart Failure Risk Scale, with and without use of quantitative NT-proBNP","volume":"24","author":"Stiell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-11-201206050-00003","article-title":"Prediction of heart failure mortality in emergent care: a cohort study","volume":"156","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000422","article-title":"Emergency heart failure mortality risk grade score performance for 7-day mortality prediction in patients with heart failure attended at the emergency department: validation in a Spanish cohort","volume":"25","author":"Gil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.03.066","article-title":"Hospital strategies to reduce heart failure readmissions: where is the evidence?","volume":"60","author":"Butler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000411","article-title":"Disposition of emergency department patients diagnosed with acute heart failure: an international emergency medicine perspective","volume":"24","author":"Mir\u00f3","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.19.2581","article-title":"Predicting mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure: derivation and validation of a clinical model","volume":"290","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03845.x","volume":"60","author":"Mart\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-303632","article-title":"A novel discharge risk model for patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure incorporating N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels: a European Collaboration on Acute decompensated heart failure: \u00c9LAN-HF score","volume":"100","author":"Salah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440150068007","article-title":"Correlates of major complications or death in patients admitted to the hospital with congestive heart failure","volume":"156","author":"Chin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2004.11.026","article-title":"A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with heart failure","volume":"12","author":"Auble","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2006.06.475","article-title":"A simple clinically based predictive rule for heart failure in-hospital mortality","volume":"12","author":"Rohde","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.854877","article-title":"A validated risk score for in-hospital mortality in patients with heart failure from the American Heart Association get with the guidelines program","volume":"3","author":"Peterson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.885285","article-title":"Early deaths in patients with heart failure discharged from the emergency department: a population-based analysis","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/HPC.0b013e31825def28","article-title":"State of the art: emergency department observation units","volume":"11","author":"Ross","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Pathw Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/02652040802688690","article-title":"Society of Chest Pain Centers recommendations for the evaluation and management of the observation stay acute heart failure patient-parts 1\u20136","volume":"11","author":"Peacock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acute Card Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.1022","article-title":"Is hospital admission for heart failure really necessary? The role of the emergency department and observation unit in preventing hospitalization and rehospitalization","volume":"61","author":"Collins","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1304493","article-title":"Observation care\u2013high-value care or a cost-shifting loophole?","volume":"369","author":"Baugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0926","article-title":"Making greater use of dedicated hospital observation units for many short-stay patients could save $3.1 billion a year","volume":"31","author":"Baugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.01.066","article-title":"Emergency medicine considerations in atrial fibrillation","volume":"36","author":"Long","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.06.005","article-title":"A population-based description of atrial fibrillation in the emergency department, 2002 to 2010","volume":"62","author":"Atzema","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.010","article-title":"Managing atrial fibrillation","volume":"65","author":"Atzema","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.09.012","article-title":"Emergency department patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter and an acute underlying medical illness may not benefit from attempts to control rate or rhythm","volume":"65","author":"Scheuermeyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026054","article-title":"Treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"135","author":"Verma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib125","first-page":"2071","article-title":"2014 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary","volume":"130","author":"January","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq278","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"31","author":"European Heart Rhythm Association","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs253","article-title":"2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation","volume":"33","author":"Camm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw210","article-title":"2016 guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS","volume":"37","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0736467918308291?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0736467918308291?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:40:49Z","timestamp":1760028049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0736467918308291"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":128,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0736467918308291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-4679"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-4679","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Management of Heart Failure in the Emergency Department Setting: An Evidence-Based Review of the Literature","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.08.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}