{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:57:34Z","timestamp":1785466654459,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jem-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T14:29:30Z","timestamp":1569508170000},"page":"554-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Black Scorpion (Tityus obscurus) Fatalities in Guyana and a Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Kenneth V.","family":"Iserson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sri Devi","family":"Jagit Ramcharran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib1","series-title":"Guyana. The World Fact Book","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.05.021","article-title":"Epidemiology of scorpionism: a global appraisal","volume":"107","author":"Chippaux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53490-3.00028-5","article-title":"Neurological effects of venomous bites and stings: snakes, spiders, and scorpions","volume":"114","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s13149-014-0331-8","article-title":"2013 update about arthropod envenomations in French Guyana","volume":"107","author":"Ganteaume","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014","article-title":"Scorpion envenoming in Morona Santiago, Amazonian Ecuador: molecular phylogenetics confirms involvement of the Tityus obscurus group","volume":"178","author":"Rom\u00e1n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.5216\/rpt.v46i1.46296","article-title":"Spatial distribution of envenomation by scorpions in Par\u00e1 state, Brazil","volume":"46","author":"de Oliveira Pardal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Patol Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib7","series-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","first-page":"411","article-title":"Scorpions (scorpiones)","author":"Mullen","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib8","first-page":"69","article-title":"Fauna attacks in French Guiana: retrospective 4-year analysis [in French]","volume":"66","author":"Mimeau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib9","series-title":"Aspects \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques, cliniques et biologiques de l\u2019envenimation scorpionique au centre hospitalier de Cayenne [thesis]","author":"Benmesbah","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib10","first-page":"17","article-title":"Die Arachniden. N\u00fcrnberg: C. H","volume":"5","author":"Koch","year":"1836","journal-title":"Zeh\u2019sche Buchhandlung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40409-015-0016-9","article-title":"What do we know about some of the most conspicuous scorpion species of the genus Tityus? A historical approach","volume":"1","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib12","author":"Cozijn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30478","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030478","article-title":"Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Tityus pachyurus and Tityus obscurus novel putative Na+-channel scorpion toxins","volume":"7","author":"Guerrero-Vargas","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib14","first-page":"287","article-title":"The distribution of noxious species of scorpions in Brazilian Amazonia: the genus Tityus CL Koch, 1836, subgenus Atreus Gervais, 1843 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)","volume":"15","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2011","journal-title":"Entomol Mitt Zool Mus Hamburg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib15","first-page":"439","article-title":"Envenimation. IV. Le scorpionisme en Afrique","volume":"67","author":"Goyffon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401108","article-title":"Scorpion envenomation","volume":"371","author":"Isbister","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90384-0","article-title":"The treatment of the scorpion envenoming syndrome: the Saudi experience with serotherapy","volume":"32","author":"Ismail","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.12.008","article-title":"Some pharmacological effects of Tityus obscurus venom in rats and mice","volume":"126","author":"de Paula Santos-da-Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40409-018-0139-x","article-title":"Effects of Brazilian scorpion venoms on the central nervous system","volume":"24","author":"Nencioni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1678-9199-20-3","article-title":"Clinical aspects of envenomation caused by Tityus obscurus (Gervais, 1843) in two distinct regions of Par\u00e1 state, Brazilian Amazon basin: a prospective case series","volume":"20","author":"Pardal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib21","series-title":"Les envenimations graves","first-page":"149","article-title":"\u0152d\u00e8me pulmonaire et scorpionisme: m\u00e9canisme cardiog\u00e9nique ou l\u00e9sionnel?","author":"Peytel","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.2174\/092986609788923329","article-title":"Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom and toxins: an overview","volume":"16","author":"Cologna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Protein Pept Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.03.007","article-title":"Classification of clinical consequences of scorpion stings: consensus development","volume":"105","author":"Khattabi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2010.06.008","article-title":"Envenomation by the scorpion Tityus breweri in the Guayana Shield, Venezuela: report of a case, efficacy and reactivity of antivenom, and proposal for a toxinological partitioning of the Venezuelan scorpion fauna","volume":"21","author":"Borges","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.09.001","article-title":"Is scorpion antivenom cost-effective as marketed in the United States?","volume":"76","author":"Armstrong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib26","series-title":"Clinical neurotoxicology syndromes, substances, environments","first-page":"463","article-title":"Neurotoxic animal poisons and venoms","author":"Postma","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1947-0","article-title":"A canine study of immunotherapy in scorpion envenomation","volume":"29","author":"Abroug","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c7136","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c7136","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of scorpion antivenom plus prazosin compared with prazosin alone for venomous scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) sting: randomised open label clinical trial","volume":"342","author":"Bawaskar","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0469-8","article-title":"Management of scorpion envenoming: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials","volume":"6","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S073646791930647X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S073646791930647X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:42:59Z","timestamp":1760028179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S073646791930647X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S073646791930647X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-4679"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-4679","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Black Scorpion (Tityus obscurus) Fatalities in Guyana and a Literature Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.07.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}