{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T12:04:04Z","timestamp":1777118644923,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jem-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T11:56:59Z","timestamp":1604145419000},"page":"165-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prophylactic Administration of Diphenhydramine to Reduce Neuroleptic Side Effects in the Acute Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0844-4058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akram","family":"Mokhtari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Alain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Berthelot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib1","series-title":"Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide","author":"Tintinalli","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2010.10.002","article-title":"Movement disorders induced by antipsychotic drugs: implications of the CATIE schizophrenia trial","volume":"29","author":"Caroff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp116","article-title":"The 2009 schizophrenia PORT psychopharmacological treatment recommendations and summary statements","volume":"36","author":"Buchanan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(99)80048-1","article-title":"Prochlorperazine induces akathisia in emergency patients","volume":"34","author":"Drotts","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4103\/2279-042X.137063","article-title":"Identification and management of adverse effects of antipsychotics in a tertiary care teaching hospital","volume":"3","author":"Lucca","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Res Pharm Pract"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, second edition","volume":"161","author":"Lehman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.20.4.339","article-title":"Pharmacological management of agitation in emergency settings","volume":"20","author":"Yildiz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.11.004","article-title":"Side effect burden of antipsychotic drugs in real life\u2014impact of gender and polypharmacy","volume":"82","author":"Iversen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2007.00781.x","article-title":"ED treatment of migraine headache: factors influencing pharmacotherapeutic choices","volume":"47","author":"Hurtado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib11","first-page":"283","article-title":"A controlled comparison of the effects of propranolol, benztropine, and placebo on akathisia: an interim analysis","volume":"29","author":"Adler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"issue":"Database issue","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D668","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj067","article-title":"DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration","volume":"34","author":"Wishart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20567","article-title":"Management of common adverse effects of antipsychotic medications","volume":"17","author":"Stroup","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1017074","article-title":"Treatment of akathisia with lorazepam. An open clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Bartels","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib15","first-page":"CD001950","article-title":"Benzodiazepines for neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia","author":"Lima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.17.2091","article-title":"Cognitive and other adverse effects of diphenhydramine use in hospitalized older patients","volume":"161","author":"Agostini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"6","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib18","first-page":"41","article-title":"Developing optimal search strategies for detecting clinically sound treatment studies in EMBASE","volume":"94","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib19","first-page":"130","article-title":"How to identify randomized controlled trials in MEDLINE: ten years on","volume":"94","author":"Glanville","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib21","series-title":"Disorders of the Nervous System: A Primer","article-title":"Disorders of basal ganglia function","author":"Swenson","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.08.003","article-title":"A randomized trial of diphenhydramine as prophylaxis against metoclopramide-induced akathisia in nauseated emergency department patients","volume":"53","author":"Friedman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5389","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5389","article-title":"Effect of systemic steroids on post-tonsillectomy bleeding and reinterventions: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"345","author":"Plante","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-14-00205.1","article-title":"Evaluating outcomes of electronic tools supporting physician shift-to-shift handoffs: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib25","series-title":"Review Manager (RevMan) Windows 10. Version 5.3","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib26","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011)","article-title":"Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses","author":"Deeks","year":"2011"},{"issue":"7109","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7414","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7454","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490","article-title":"Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"328","author":"Atkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.07.495","article-title":"Diphenhydramine as adjuvant therapy for acute migraine: an emergency department based randomized clinical trial","volume":"67","author":"Friedman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19871201)60:11<2816::AID-CNCR2820601137>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Antiemetic control and prevention of side-effects of anticancer therapy with lorazepam or diphenhydramine when used in combination with metoclopramide plus dexamethasone\u2014a double-blind, randomized trial","volume":"60","author":"Kris","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.113032","article-title":"Diphenhydramine for the prevention of akathisia induced by prochlorperazine: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Vinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2010.10.007","article-title":"A trial of midazolam vs diphenhydramine in prophylaxis of metoclopramide-induced akathisia","volume":"30","author":"Erdur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib34","first-page":"715","article-title":"Midazolam vs. diphenhydramine for the treatment of metoclopramide-induced akathisia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Parlak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(91)90001-K","article-title":"Diphenhydramine for nausea and vomiting related to cancer chemotherapy with cisplatin","volume":"6","author":"Tsavaris","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1989.7.11.1693","article-title":"Protection from nausea and vomiting in cisplatin-treated patients: high-dose metoclopramide combined with methylprednisolone versus metoclopramide combined with dexamethasone and diphenhydramine: a study of the Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research","volume":"7","author":"Roila","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S280","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-3801(09)61002-8","article-title":"Antiemetic efficacy of metoclopramide and diphenhydramine added to morphine patient-controlled analgesia","volume":"13","author":"Kang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib38","first-page":"CD003727","article-title":"Anticholinergics for neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia","author":"Rathbone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2011.9.6866","article-title":"The psychopharmacology of agitation: consensus statement of the american association for emergency psychiatry project Beta psychopharmacology workgroup","volume":"13","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2011.579899","article-title":"Drugs with anticholinergic properties: a current perspective on use and safety","volume":"10","author":"Gerretsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.9.1148","article-title":"Clinical nonrecognition of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders: a cautionary study","volume":"144","author":"Weiden","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950120035007","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and predisposing factors in acute drug-induced akathisia","volume":"51","author":"Sachdev","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00433055","article-title":"Metoclopramide: antipsychotic efficacy of a drug lacking potency in receptor models","volume":"71","author":"Stanley","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199402000-00027","article-title":"The effect of intravenous ranitidine and metoclopramide on behavior, cognitive function, and affect","volume":"78","author":"Schroeder","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0442","article-title":"Drug Insight: from disturbed motility to disordered movement\u2014a review of the clinical benefits and medicolegal risks of metoclopramide","volume":"3","author":"Pasricha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0736467920309677?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0736467920309677?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:46:27Z","timestamp":1760028387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0736467920309677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0736467920309677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-4679"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-4679","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prophylactic Administration of Diphenhydramine to Reduce Neuroleptic Side Effects in the Acute Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.09.031","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}