{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T13:21:42Z","timestamp":1772025702469,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jem-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T16:45:04Z","timestamp":1767372304000},"page":"45-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist in Outcomes After the 2015 Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management (SEP-1) Bundle"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7783-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalyan","family":"Chaliki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"LoVecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Ofori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Stecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.5804","article-title":"Hospital deaths in patients with sepsis from 2 independent cohorts","volume":"312","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.13836","article-title":"Incidence and trends of sepsis in US hospitals using clinical vs claims data, 2009-2014","volume":"318","author":"Rhee","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E9","article-title":"Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock","volume":"34","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.01.011","article-title":"Accountability for sepsis treatment: the SEP-1 core measure","volume":"151","author":"Motzkus","year":"2017","journal-title":"CHEST"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa456","article-title":"Impact of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services sepsis core measure on antibiotic use","volume":"72","author":"Pakyz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-5043","article-title":"Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes after the introduction of the Medicare sepsis performance measure (SEP-1)","volume":"174","author":"Barbash","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.38596","article-title":"Association between implementation of the severe sepsis and septic shock early management bundle performance measure and outcomes in patients with suspected sepsis in US hospitals","volume":"4","author":"Rhee","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e258","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004809","article-title":"Racial disparities in readmissions following initial hospitalization for sepsis","volume":"49","author":"Lizza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e126","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002829","article-title":"Hospital differences drive antibiotic delays for black patients compared with white patients with suspected septic shock","volume":"46","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-0348","article-title":"Racial differences in sepsis recognition in the Emergency department","volume":"144","author":"Raman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-015-0181-0","article-title":"Association between race and case fatality rate in hospitalizations for sepsis","volume":"3","author":"Sandoval","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-019-00590-z","article-title":"Health disparities and sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the influence of race on sepsis-related mortality","volume":"6","author":"Galiatsatos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2018.05381","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in care following the New York State sepsis initiative","volume":"38","author":"Corl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Aff Proj Hope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2022.08.271","article-title":"249 Differences in emergency department sepsis care: do race, sex, and language matter?","volume":"80","author":"Nacier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004224","article-title":"Sepsis among Medicare beneficiaries: 1. The burdens of Sepsis, 2012-2018","volume":"48","author":"Buchman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066618794136","article-title":"Increasing sepsis rates in the United States: results from national inpatient sample, 2005 to 2014","volume":"35","author":"Rubens","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1109","article-title":"Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status With Risk of Infection and Sepsis","volume":"66","author":"Donnelly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001665","article-title":"Defining sepsis mortality clusters in the United States","volume":"44","author":"Moore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066617703338","article-title":"Association of household income level and In-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis: a nationwide retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"33","author":"Rush","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0020","article-title":"Racial disparities in septic shock mortality: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Black","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-016-0271-7","article-title":"Analysis of race and time to antibiotics among patients with severe sepsis or septic shock","volume":"4","author":"Madsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08170-7","article-title":"The impact of ethnic background on ICU care and outcome in sepsis and septic shock - A retrospective multicenter analysis on 17,949 patients","volume":"23","author":"Kok\u00f6fer","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.9739","article-title":"Racial disparities in length of stay among severely ill patients presenting with sepsis and acute Respiratory failure","volume":"6","author":"Chesley","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.851","article-title":"Infection rate and acute organ dysfunction risk as explanations for racial differences in severe sepsis","volume":"303","author":"Mayr","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200703-480OC","article-title":"Racial variation in the incidence, care, and outcomes of severe sepsis: analysis of population, patient, and hospital characteristics","volume":"177","author":"Barnato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005217","article-title":"Race does not impact sepsis outcomes when considering socioeconomic factors in multilevel modeling","volume":"50","author":"Vazquez Guillamet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.07.2167","article-title":"Effects of compliance with the early management bundle (SEP-1) on mortality changes among Medicare beneficiaries with sepsis: a propensity score matched cohort study","volume":"161","author":"Townsend","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.02.042","article-title":"Association between compliance with the sepsis quality measure (SEP-1) and hospital readmission","volume":"158","author":"Bauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jointm.2022.03.003","article-title":"Compliance with SEP-1 guidelines is associated with improved outcomes for septic shock but not for severe sepsis","volume":"2","author":"Sloan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intensive Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0183","article-title":"Association of a care bundle for early sepsis management with mortality among patients with hospital-onset or community-onset sepsis","volume":"180","author":"Baghdadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003261","article-title":"Compliance with the National SEP-1 quality measure and association with sepsis outcomes: a multicenter retrospective cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Rhee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/NCQ.0000000000000767","article-title":"Evaluating sepsis bundle compliance as a predictor for patient outcomes at a community hospital: a retrospective study","volume":"39","author":"Lawrence","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nurs Care Qual"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056802","article-title":"Hospital nurse staffing and sepsis protocol compliance and outcomes among patients with sepsis in the USA: a multistate cross-sectional analysis","volume":"12","author":"Dierkes","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-02426","article-title":"The effect of severe sepsis and septic shock management bundle (SEP-1) compliance and implementation on mortality among patients with sepsis : a systematic review","volume":"178","author":"Ford","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e126","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002829","article-title":"Hospital differences drive antibiotic delays for black patients compared with white patients with suspected septic shock","volume":"46","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2018.05381","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities In care following the New York State sepsis initiative","volume":"38","author":"Corl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Aff Proj Hope"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0736467925004706?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0736467925004706?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T12:31:37Z","timestamp":1772022697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0736467925004706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0736467925004706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-4679"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-4679","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist in Outcomes After the 2015 Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management (SEP-1) Bundle","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.12.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}