{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:56:10Z","timestamp":1789181770918,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002671","name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002671","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T05:42:31Z","timestamp":1564638151000},"page":"109302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Optimization of activated palm oil sludge biochar preparation for sulphur dioxide adsorption"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"248","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9352-8714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nursashabila","family":"Iberahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2507-3690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumathi","family":"Sethupathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching Lam","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3086-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed J.K.","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6448-7407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waseem","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Characteristics of palm oil mill effluent (POME) in an anaerobic biogas digester","volume":"16","author":"Adela","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1021\/ie990926j","article-title":"On the possibility of water regeneration of unimpregnated activated carbons used as hydrogen sulfide adsorbents","volume":"39","author":"Adib","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2013.02.010","article-title":"Biochar production by sewage sludge pyrolysis","volume":"101","author":"Agrafioti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2016.05.020","article-title":"Photocatalytic treatment technology for palm oil mill effluent (POME)-A review","volume":"102","author":"Alhaji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.4028","article-title":"A review: production of activated carbon from agricultural byproducts via conventional and microwave heating","volume":"88","author":"Alslaibi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2016.06.035","article-title":"Preparation of adsorbents from sewage sludge pyrolytic char by carbon dioxide activation","volume":"103","author":"Alvarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.09.043","article-title":"Adsorption of SO2 onto waste cork powder-derived activated carbons","volume":"211","author":"Atanes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2014.12.002","article-title":"Stabilized landfill leachate treatment by sugarcane bagasse derived activated carbon for removal of color, COD and NH3-N--Optimization of preparation conditions by RSM","volume":"3","author":"Azmi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1021\/la011320e","article-title":"Adsorption of SO2 on activated carbons: the effect of nitrogen functionality and pore sizes","volume":"18","author":"Bagreev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4587","DOI":"10.1021\/es001150c","article-title":"Study of H2S adsorption and water regeneration of spent coconut-based activated carbon","volume":"34","author":"Bagreev","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib10","first-page":"69","article-title":"Lyocell-based activated carbon fibers improved the adsorption of harmful gas properties when produced via dual-simultaneous treatments","volume":"23","author":"Bai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbon Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2017.07.055","article-title":"Modification of textural properties of CuO-supported activated carbon fibers for SO2 adsorption based on electrical investigation","volume":"200","author":"Bai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.2001.7952","article-title":"On the adsorption\/oxidation of hydrogen sulfide on activated carbons at ambient temperatures","volume":"246","author":"Bandosz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2016.06.002","article-title":"Biosorptive uptake of Fe2+, Cu2+ and As5+ by activated biochar derived from Colocasia esculenta: isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics, and cost estimation","volume":"7","author":"Banerjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemolab.2016.04.010","article-title":"Strategy of screening and optimization of process parameters using experimental design: application to amoxicillin elimination by adsorption on activated carbon","volume":"155","author":"Benredouane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1021\/es035034w","article-title":"Compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars","volume":"38","author":"Chun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.5421","article-title":"Study of the properties of adsorption of SO2-thermal regeneration cycle of activated coke modified by oxidization","volume":"93","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib17","first-page":"205","article-title":"Production and characterization of adsorbent materials from sewage sludge by pyrolysis","volume":"32","author":"De Filippis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10800-013-0616-4","article-title":"Electrosorption on activated biochar: effect of thermo-chemical activation treatment on the electric double layer capacitance","volume":"44","author":"Dehkhoda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Electrochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2015.02.004","article-title":"Regeneration performance and carbon consumption of semi-coke and activated coke for SO2 and NO removal","volume":"34","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2017.03.014","article-title":"Reduction of SO2 to elemental sulfur with H2 and mixed H2\/CO gas in an activated carbon bed","volume":"121","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2011.05.036","article-title":"Adsorptive removal of methylene blue using novel adsorbent from palm oil mill effluent waste activated sludge: equilibrium, thermodynamics and kinetic studies","volume":"171","author":"Gobi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2014.11.084","article-title":"Investigation of SO2 and NO adsorption species on activated carbon and the mechanism of NO promotion effect on SO2","volume":"143","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5866(02)00166-1","article-title":"Adsorption of sulphur dioxide onto activated carbon prepared from oil-palm shells with and without pre-impregnation","volume":"30","author":"Guo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1021\/ef3016975","article-title":"Effects of concentration and adsorption product on the adsorption of SO2 and NO on activated carbon","volume":"27","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0721(14)60584-6","article-title":"Removal of trivalent samarium from aqueous solutions by activated biochar derived from cactus fibres","volume":"34","author":"Hadjittofi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Rare Earths"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.03.073","article-title":"Activated biochar derived from cactus fibres-preparation, characterization and application on Cu (II) removal from aqueous solutions","volume":"159","author":"Hadjittofi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.01.088","article-title":"Optimization of basic dye removal by oil palm fibre-based activated carbon using response surface methodology","volume":"158","author":"Hameed","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.09.042","article-title":"Preparation of oil palm empty fruit bunch-based activated carbon for removal of 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol: optimization using response surface methodology","volume":"164","author":"Hameed","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.09.008","article-title":"Influence of pyrolysis temperature on production and nutrient properties of wastewater sludge biochar","volume":"92","author":"Hossain","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.02.020","article-title":"The mechanism of CO regeneration on V2O5\/AC catalyst and sulfur recovery","volume":"316","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimization of palm oil mill sludge biochar preparation for sulfur dioxide removal","author":"Iberahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.07.021","article-title":"The effect of process parameters on the carbon dioxide based production of activated carbon from lignite in a rotary reactor","volume":"118","author":"Karaman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2008.06.002","article-title":"Sulfur dioxide adsorption by activated carbons having different textural and chemical properties","volume":"87","author":"Karatepe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2014.06.006","article-title":"Physical activation of carbon residue from biomass gasification: novel sorbent for the removal of phosphates and nitrates from aqueous solution","volume":"21","author":"Kilpimaa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2016.07.025","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide removal using CeO2\/NaOH\/PSAC: effect of process conditions and regeneration study","volume":"4","author":"Lau","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.03.105","article-title":"Biochar potential evaluation of palm oil wastes through slow pyrolysis: thermochemical characterization and pyrolytic kinetic studies","volume":"236","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.08.175","article-title":"Multistage optimizations of slow pyrolysis synthesis of biochar from palm oil sludge for adsorption of lead","volume":"245","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1021\/es010916l","article-title":"Adsorption characteristics of SO2 on activated carbon prepared from coconut shell with potassium hydroxide activation","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/1528083713502997","article-title":"Desulfurization properties of modified activated carbon fibers and activated carbon fiber paper","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ind. Text."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.08.081","article-title":"The potential of the Malaysian oil palm biomass as a renewable energy source","volume":"141","author":"Loh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/00986449008911480","article-title":"A study of H2SO4 formation in the process of simultaneous sorption of SO2, O2 and H2O onto a single carbon particle","volume":"96","author":"Lu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib40","first-page":"1138","article-title":"Palm oil mill effluent (POME) from Malaysia palm oil mills: waste or resource","volume":"2","author":"Madaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Environ. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib41","series-title":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","first-page":"12072","article-title":"Characteristics of activated carbon resulted from pyrolysis of the oil palm fronds powder","author":"Maulina","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2016.08.018","article-title":"Biosorptive uptake of ibuprofen by steam activated biochar derived from mung bean husk: equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics, modeling and eco-toxicological studies","volume":"182","author":"Mondal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.09.085","article-title":"Activated carbon from biochar: influence of its physicochemical properties on the sorption characteristics of phenanthrene","volume":"149","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2011.08.005","article-title":"Determination of adsorption isotherm and diffusion coefficient of toluene on activated carbon at low concentrations","volume":"48","author":"Pei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.12.028","article-title":"Simplifying pyrolysis: using gasification to produce corn stover and wheat straw biochar for sorptive and horticultural media","volume":"53","author":"Peterson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9693","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.7b01260","article-title":"Microwave irradiation induced high-efficiency regeneration for desulfurized activated coke: a comparative study with conventional thermal regeneration","volume":"31","author":"Pi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.02.087","article-title":"Low temperature removal of SO2 traces from air by MgO-loaded porous carbons","volume":"191","author":"Przepi\u00f3rski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.08.111","article-title":"Kinetic study of SO2 removal over lignin-based activated carbon","volume":"307","author":"Rosas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib49","first-page":"230","article-title":"SO2 emission control and finding a way out to produce sulphuric acid from industrial SO2 emission","volume":"6","author":"Roy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. Process Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6021798","article-title":"An experimental and kinetic study of the sorption of carbon dioxide onto amine-treated oil fly ash","volume":"2016","author":"Saad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.04.049","article-title":"Progress in biomass gasification technique-with focus on Malaysian palm biomass for syngas production","volume":"62","author":"Samiran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib52","series-title":"Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Technology Evaluation","author":"Sargent","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2012.10.007","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of an activated carbon from a date stones variety by physical activation with carbon dioxide","volume":"99","author":"Sekirifa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2018.03.064","article-title":"Enhance SO2 adsorption performance of biochar modified by CO2 activation and amine impregnation","volume":"224","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib55","first-page":"7591","article-title":"Presence of residual oil in relation to solid particle distribution in palm oil mill effluent","volume":"10","author":"Sharifudin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2014.12.016","article-title":"Optimization and characterization of sliced activated carbon prepared from date palm tree fronds by physical activation","volume":"73","author":"Shoaib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib57","first-page":"15","article-title":"Acid rain and its ecological consequences","volume":"29","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2011.11.018","article-title":"Quality variations of poultry litter biochar generated at different pyrolysis temperatures","volume":"94","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib59","series-title":"Controlling SO2 Emissions-Aa Review of Technologies","author":"Srivastava","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2010.04.056","article-title":"Cerium impregnated palm shell activated carbon (Ce\/PSAC) sorbent for simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO\u2014process study","volume":"162","author":"Sumathi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2008.09.020","article-title":"Optimization of microporous palm shell activated carbon production for flue gas desulphurization: experimental and statistical studies","volume":"100","author":"Sumathi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2009.12.020","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from rubber-seed shell by physical activation with steam","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.09.068","article-title":"Utilization of palm oil sludge through pyrolysis for bio-oil and bio-char production","volume":"178","author":"Thangalazhy-Gopakumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib64","article-title":"SO2 adsorption capability of activated carbon nanofibers produced by different activation process parameters","volume":"26","author":"Ucar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Text. Apparel\/Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-007-9305-1","article-title":"Palm oil mill effluent (POME) cultured marine microalgae as supplementary diet for rotifer culture","volume":"20","author":"Vairappan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.6b00210","article-title":"Desulphurization performance and mechanism study by in situ DRIFTS of activated coke modified by oxidization","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.3155\/1047-3289.57.12.1461","article-title":"Removal of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide by carbons impregnated with triethylenediamine","volume":"57","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12957","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03077","article-title":"Role of inherent inorganic constituents in SO2 sorption ability of biochars derived from three biomass wastes","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9797(03)00689-1","article-title":"Characteristics of activated carbons prepared from pistachio-nut shells by physical activation","volume":"267","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2014.09.016","article-title":"Influence of pyrolysis temperature and holding time on properties of biochar derived from medicinal herb (radix isatidis) residue and its effect on soil CO2 emission","volume":"110","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2013.08.026","article-title":"Sludge-adsorbents from palm oil mill effluent for methylene blue removal","volume":"1","author":"Zaini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib72","first-page":"635","article-title":"Adsorption of SO2 on activated carbon for low gas concentrations","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Technol. Ind. Chem. Equipment-Process Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.11.011","article-title":"Effects of pyrolysis temperature and heating time on biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of straw and lignosulfonate","volume":"176","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.288","article-title":"The influence of relative humidity on the heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone on calcium carbonate particles","volume":"633","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302_bib74","first-page":"112","article-title":"Preparation of activated carbons for SO2 adsorption by CO2 and steam activation","volume":"43","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479719310047?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479719310047?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T09:07:36Z","timestamp":1759568856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301479719310047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0301479719310047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimization of activated palm oil sludge biochar preparation for sulphur dioxide adsorption","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109302","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109302"}}