{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:36:41Z","timestamp":1792521401762,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T13:04:43Z","timestamp":1664024683000},"page":"116323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Application of biochar activated persulfate in the treatment of typical azo pigment wastewater"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"324","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1717-5232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenlu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuman","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maolin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135308","article-title":"Resource utilization of agricultural waste: converting peanut shell into an efficient catalyst in persulfate activation for degradation of organic pollutant","author":"An","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib2","article-title":"Sulfate radicals-based technology as a promising strategy for wastewater","volume":"11","author":"Arellano","year":"2019","journal-title":"WATER-SUI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib3","first-page":"1467","article-title":"Advanced oxidation process as a green technology for dyes removal from wastewater: a review","volume":"40","author":"Azimi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. (Int. Engl. Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.131462","article-title":"Co-doped magnetic N-TiO2-x\/rGO heterojunction@cellulose nanofibrous flakelet for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation and facile separation: efficient charge separation and self-floatability","volume":"425","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.01.013","article-title":"Re-evaluation of sulfate radical based-advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) for treatment of raw municipal landfill leachate","volume":"153","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.05.062","article-title":"Bentonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron\/persulfate system for the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and phenol from aqueous solutions","volume":"302","author":"Diao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib7","first-page":"419","article-title":"Development of a hydroxyl group-mediated biosynthetic schwertmannite as a persulfate activator for efficient degradation of RhB and Cr(VI) removal","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib8","article-title":"An iron-based biochar for persulfate activation with highly efficient and durable removal of refractory dyes","volume":"10.","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jre.2020.11.003","article-title":"Catalytic ozonation of NH4+-N in wastewater over composite metal oxide catalyst","volume":"40","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Rare Earths"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.126758","article-title":"Pyrite-activated persulfate for simultaneous 2,4-DCP oxidation and Cr(VI) reduction","volume":"406","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135475","article-title":"Fixed bed column performance of Al-modified biochar for the removal of sulfamethoxazole and sulfapyridine antibiotics from wastewater","volume":"305","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.129297","article-title":"Activation of persulfates by carbonaceous materials: a review","volume":"418","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132906","article-title":"Review on effect of different type of dyes on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for textile color removal","volume":"291","author":"Ismail","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.03.131","article-title":"Engineered biochar from agricultural waste for removal of tetracycline in water","volume":"284","author":"Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26040870","article-title":"Recent achievements in dyes removal focused on advanced oxidation processes integrated with biological methods","volume":"26","author":"Ledakowicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99935","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA16094D","article-title":"Role of inorganic ions and dissolved natural organic matters on persulfate oxidation of acid orange 7 with zero-valent iron","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109876","article-title":"Simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and acid orange 7 from water in pyrite-persulfate system","volume":"189","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122764","article-title":"High-efficiency degradation of organic pollutants with Fe, N co-doped biochar catalysts via persulfate activation","volume":"397","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121240","article-title":"Biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron as an efficient catalyst for organic degradation in groundwater","volume":"383","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.04.084","article-title":"Simultaneous removal of Cu2+ and bisphenol A by a novel biochar-supported zero valent iron from aqueous solution: synthesis, reactivity and mechanism","volume":"239","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124611","article-title":"Heterogeneous degradation of organic contaminant by peroxydisulfate catalyzed by activated carbon cloth","volume":"238","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2018.07.030","article-title":"Continuous removal of Cr(VI) and Orange II over a novel Fe-0-NaA zeolite membrane catalyst","volume":"209","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"SEP PURIF TECHNOL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132113","article-title":"Novel insights into the adsorption of organic contaminants by biochar: a review","volume":"287","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.04.007","article-title":"Comparative studies of wet oxidation of ammonium compounds using persulfate at temperatures of 313-343 K under ambient air pressure","volume":"250","author":"Nakamura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.05.156","article-title":"Degradation of 1,4-dioxane by biochar supported nano magnetite particles activating persulfate","volume":"184","author":"Ouyang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2019.02.011","article-title":"Removal of colorants from wastewater: a review on sources and treatment strategies","volume":"75","author":"Pavithra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-018-0020-0","article-title":"Direct advanced oxidation process for chromium(III) with sulfate free radicals","volume":"1","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2021.105081","article-title":"Biochar as a low-cost adsorbent for aqueous heavy metal removal: a review","volume":"155","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143584","article-title":"Degradation of anthraquinone dye reactive blue 19 using persulfate activated with Fe\/Mn modified biochar: radical\/non-radical mechanisms and fixed-bed reactor study","volume":"758","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.04.135","article-title":"The magnetic biochar derived from banana peels as a persulfate activator for organic contaminants degradation","volume":"372","author":"Rong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2020.1863034","article-title":"A critical review on advances in the practices and perspectives for the treatment of dye industry wastewater","volume":"12","author":"Shindhal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.115356","article-title":"Removal of hexavalent chromium via biochar-based adsorbents: state-of-the-art, challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"317","author":"Sinha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J ENVIRON MANAGE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9289","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01759","article-title":"Redox conversion of chromium(VI) and arsenic(III) with the intermediates of chromium(V) and arsenic(IV) via AuPd\/CNTs electrocatalysis in acid aqueous solution","volume":"49","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2021.12.042","article-title":"Recent advances in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes for organic wastewater treatment","volume":"33","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.04.282","article-title":"Preparation, modification and environmental application of biochar: a review","volume":"227","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000007268.42733.53","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species and Cr(VI) in Ras-mediated signal transduction","volume":"255","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140020","article-title":"Feasibility study on applying the iron-activated persulfate system as a pre-treatment process for clofibric acid selective degradation in municipal wastewater","volume":"739","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127533","article-title":"Synergistic effects of UVC and oxidants (PS vs. Chlorine) on carbamazepine attenuation: mechanism, pathways, DBPs yield and toxicity assessment","volume":"413","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.151","article-title":"The mechanism and efficiency of MnO2 activated persulfate process coupled with electrolysis","volume":"609","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0338-y","article-title":"Biochar as an adsorbent for inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus removal from water: a review","volume":"24","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1007\/s12221-022-3641-2","article-title":"Magnetite-based biochar coupled with binary oxidants for the effective removal of mixed dye from wastewater","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"FIBER POLYM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.02.037","article-title":"Highly synergistic effects on ammonium removal by the co-system of Pseudomonas stutzeri XL-2 and modified walnut shell biochar","volume":"280","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BIORESOURCE TECHNOL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2021.118654","article-title":"Degradation of sulfamethoxazole using peroxymonosulfate activated by self-sacrificed synthesized CoAl-LDH@CoFe-PBA nanosheet: reactive oxygen species generation routes at acidic and alkaline pH","volume":"268","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"SEP PURIF TECHNOL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib44","first-page":"706","article-title":"Simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidization of organic pollutants by rice husk derived biochar and the interactive influences of coexisting Cr (VI)","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.07.125","article-title":"Adsorption-reduction removal of Cr(VI) by tobacco petiole pyrolytic biochar: batch experiment, kinetic and mechanism studies","volume":"268","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BIORESOURCE TECHNOL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2022.120650","article-title":"Resource utilization of luffa sponge to produce biochar for effective degradation of organic contaminants through persulfate activation","volume":"288","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"SEP PURIF TECHNOL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib47","first-page":"409","article-title":"Burgeoning prospects of biochar and its composite in persulfate-advanced oxidation process","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.308","article-title":"Strengthened dewaterability of coke-oven plant oily sludge by altering extracellular organics using Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation","volume":"688","author":"Zhen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2021.11.097","article-title":"Cu-doped Ni-LDH with abundant oxygen vacancies for enhanced methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate degradation via peroxymonosulfate activation: key role of superoxide radicals","volume":"610","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479722018965?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479722018965?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T10:23:19Z","timestamp":1759573399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301479722018965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0301479722018965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Application of biochar activated persulfate in the treatment of typical azo pigment wastewater","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116323","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116323"}}