{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T05:25:35Z","timestamp":1781846735873,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/S009795\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/S009795\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006324","name":"National Institute for Basic Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T13:36:37Z","timestamp":1752586597000},"page":"126501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Use of biochar and coal ash as passive sorbent barriers for long-term mitigation of chlorinated solvent vapours"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"391","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5595-9249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarissa","family":"Settimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7733-8605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetta","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4831-010X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iason","family":"Verginelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9047-7093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Zingaretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Immacolata","family":"Bortone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4384-3222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederic","family":"Coulon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Baciocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169607","article-title":"Comparative analysis of biochar carbon stability methods and implications for carbon credits","volume":"914","author":"Adhikari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.05.042","article-title":"Effects of pyrolysis temperature on soybean stover- and peanut shell-derived biochar properties and TCE adsorption in water","volume":"118","author":"Ahmad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.10.071","article-title":"Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review","volume":"99","author":"Ahmad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2016.11.016","article-title":"Life cycle environmental and economic performance of biochar compared with activated carbon: a meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Alhashimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2007.05.003","article-title":"The role of the porosity and oxygen groups on the adsorption of n-alkanes, benzene, trichloroethylene and 1,2-dichloroethane on active carbons at zero surface coverage","volume":"45","author":"Almaz\u00e1n-Almaz\u00e1n","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136414","article-title":"Biochar-bacteria coupling system enhanced the bioremediation of phenol wastewater-based on life cycle assessment and environmental safety analysis","volume":"480","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2012.11.077","article-title":"Gasification of coal combustion ash for its reuse as adsorbent","volume":"106","author":"Balsamo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.08.076","article-title":"Characterization of char from biomass gasification and its similarities with activated carbon in adsorption applications","volume":"227","author":"Benedetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib9","article-title":"Reduction of methane emission from landfill using biocover as a biomitigation system: a review","author":"Chavan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2021.105070","article-title":"The comparison study of multiple biochar stability assessment methods","volume":"156","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-3373(97)00010-6","article-title":"Adsorption and catalytic destruction of trichloroethylene in hydrophobic zeolites","volume":"14","author":"Chintawar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2136\/vzj2010.0032","article-title":"Effect of density\u2010driven advection on trichloroethylene vapor diffusion in a porous medium","volume":"10","author":"Cotel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vadose Zone J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib13","series-title":"The Mathematics of Diffusion","author":"Crank","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/gcbb.12030","article-title":"The effect of pyrolysis conditions on biochar stability as determined by three methods","volume":"5","author":"Crombie","year":"2013","journal-title":"GCB Bioenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32224","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14267-w","article-title":"Effluent treatment using activated carbon adsorbents: a bibliometric analysis of recent literature","volume":"28","author":"Da Silva Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2012.11.010","article-title":"Identification of chlorinated solvents degradation zones in clay till by high resolution chemical, microbial and compound specific isotope analysis","volume":"146","author":"Damgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2009.10.034","article-title":"Experimental and statistical analysis of trichloroethylene adsorption onto activated carbon","volume":"156","author":"Erto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2013.11.067","article-title":"Carbon-based materials prepared from pine gasification residues for acetaminophen adsorption","volume":"240","author":"Galhetas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtice.2014.05.028","article-title":"Adsorption of chlorinated volatile organic compounds using activated carbon made from Jatropha curcas seeds","volume":"45","author":"Hsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.137513","article-title":"Adsorption of multicomponent VOCs on various biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon: a study on adsorption mechanism and competitive effect","volume":"313","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139184","article-title":"VOCs adsorption on activated carbon with initial water vapor contents: adsorption mechanism and modified characteristic curves","volume":"731","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09545-y","article-title":"Use of biochar for the sorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from cattle manure","volume":"28","author":"Kaikiti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.129946","article-title":"Biochar in water and wastewater treatment - a sustainability assessment","volume":"420","author":"Kamali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.02.068","article-title":"Activated carbons from flax shive and cotton gin waste as environmental adsorbents for the chlorinated hydrocarbon trichloroethylene","volume":"100","author":"Klasson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6642","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-020-00970-0","article-title":"Biochar: a sustainable solution","volume":"23","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122469","article-title":"Sorption of volatile organic compounds on non-activated biochar","volume":"297","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2019.116213","article-title":"Adsorption materials for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the key factors for VOCs adsorption process: a review","volume":"235","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5090","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.0c03971","article-title":"Adsorption of low-concentration VOCs on modified activated carbons in a humid atmosphere","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3284","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14123284","article-title":"Straw-based activated carbon: optimization of the preparation procedure and performance of volatile organic compounds adsorption","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.128423","article-title":"Review of biochar production via crop residue pyrolysis: development and perspectives","volume":"369","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123607","article-title":"In-situ synthesis of lanthanum-coated sludge biochar for advanced phosphorus adsorption","volume":"373","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163011","article-title":"Functional materials contributing to the removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons from soil and groundwater: classification and intrinsic chemical-biological removal mechanisms","volume":"879","author":"Lyu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7050","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c00225","article-title":"Vapor intrusion investigations and decision-making: a critical review","volume":"54","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2015.08.025","article-title":"Evaluation of a horizontal permeable reactive barrier for preventing upward diffusion of volatile organic compounds through the unsaturated zone","volume":"163","author":"Mahmoodlu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173910","article-title":"Agri-food waste biosorbents for volatile organic compounds removal from air and industrial gases \u2013 a review","volume":"945","author":"Mako\u015b-Che\u0142stowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2017.12.067","article-title":"Adsorption isotherm and kinetic study of gas-solid system of formaldehyde on oil palm mesocarp bio-char: pyrolysis effect","volume":"6","author":"Manap","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9543","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b04053","article-title":"Standard biochar materials","volume":"52","author":"Ma\u0161ek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166813","article-title":"A critical review of sustainable application of biochar for green remediation: research uncertainty and future directions","volume":"904","author":"Masud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1039\/tf9615701200","article-title":"Permeability of porous solids","volume":"57","author":"Millington","year":"1961","journal-title":"Trans. Faraday Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4729","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-020-01000-9","article-title":"Biochar from co-pyrolysis of urban organic wastes\u2014investigation of carbon sink potential using ATR-FTIR and TGA","volume":"12","author":"Nair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefinery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28080","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c03648","article-title":"Experimental study of the effect of different parameters on the adsorption and desorption of trichloroethylene vapor on activated carbon particles","volume":"5","author":"Nikam","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib42","article-title":"Adsorption of chlorinated hydrocarbons onto non-activated biochars: biochar physicochemical characteristics and governing factors","volume":"22","author":"Pochampally","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-022-00146-1","article-title":"Biochar for the removal of contaminants from soil and water: a review","volume":"4","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131288","article-title":"Competitive adsorption of multicomponent volatile organic compounds on biochar","volume":"283","author":"Rajabi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3852-7","article-title":"Evaluation of the potential of coal fly ash produced by gasification as hexavalent chromium adsorbent","volume":"26","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14071776","article-title":"Biochar from pine wood, rice husks and iron-eupatorium shrubs for remediation applications: surface characterization and experimental tests for trichloroethylene removal","volume":"14","author":"Rossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2015.04.025","article-title":"Adsorption and transport of methane in biochars derived from waste wood","volume":"43","author":"Sadasivam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2015.04.032","article-title":"Adsorption and transport of methane in landfill cover soil amended with waste-wood biochars","volume":"158","author":"Sadasivam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2023.11.071","article-title":"Adsorption of volatile organic compounds on biochar: a review","author":"Sadegh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.1021\/es026464+","article-title":"Capacity for biodegradation of CFCs and HCFCs in a methane oxidative counter-gradient laboratory system simulating landfill soil covers","volume":"37","author":"Scheutz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126202","article-title":"Sulfidated zero-valent iron bimetals for passive remediation of chlorinated vapors in the subsurface","author":"Settimi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2023.104204","article-title":"Degradation of trichloroethylene vapors by micrometric zero-valent Fe Cu and Fe Ni bimetals under partially saturated conditions","volume":"257","author":"Settimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.126801","article-title":"Biomass-derived porous carbons for sorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)","volume":"336","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14626","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-1674-2","article-title":"Comparison of nickel adsorption on biochars produced from mixed softwood and Miscanthus straw","volume":"25","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ese.2024.100420","article-title":"Biochar-based composites for removing chlorinated organic pollutants: applications, mechanisms, and perspectives","volume":"21","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Ecotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/fractalfract9010017","article-title":"An adsorption model considering fictitious stress","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fractal Fract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.027","article-title":"Influence of pyrolysis temperature and hardwood species on resulting biochar properties and their effect on azimsulfuron sorption as compared to other sorbents","volume":"566\u2013567","author":"Trigo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib58","series-title":"Regional Screening Level (RSL) Chemical-specific Parameters Supporting Table","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib59","article-title":"Toxicity and exposure assessment for children's health. Trichloroethylene (TCE)","year":"2007","journal-title":"TEACH Chemical Summary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib60","series-title":"In Situ Thermal Treatment of Chlorinated Solvents: Fundamentals and Field Applications","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib61","first-page":"79","article-title":"Analytical solutions of the one-dimensional convective-dispersive solute transport equation","volume":"9","author":"Van Genuchten","year":"1981","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/gwmr.12455","article-title":"A review of recent vapor intrusion modeling work. Groundw","volume":"41","author":"Verginelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Monit. Remediat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123943","article-title":"Adsorption performance of standard biochar materials against volatile organic compounds in air: a case study using benzene and methyl ethyl ketone","volume":"387","author":"Vikrant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings14030270","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soil: transport mechanisms, monitoring, and removal by biochar-modified capping layer","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.04.109","article-title":"Trichloroethylene (TCE) adsorption using sustainable organic mulch","volume":"181","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123842","article-title":"Enhanced adsorption performance and governing mechanisms of ball-milled biochar for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)","volume":"385","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.03.232","article-title":"Abatement of various types of VOCs by adsorption\/catalytic oxidation: a review","volume":"370","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1021\/es302714g","article-title":"A review of vapor intrusion models","volume":"47","author":"Yao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.400","article-title":"Review of biochar for the management of contaminated soil: preparation, application and prospect","volume":"659","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.05.013","article-title":"Adsorption of VOCs onto engineered carbon materials: a review","volume":"338","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.09.025","article-title":"Biochar for volatile organic compound (VOC) removal: sorption performance and governing mechanisms","volume":"245","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-022-00156-z","article-title":"Removal performance, mechanisms, and influencing factors of biochar for air pollutants: a critical review","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122102","article-title":"A critical review on VOCs adsorption by different porous materials: species, mechanisms and modification methods","volume":"389","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.08.011","article-title":"Dehalogenation of trichloroethylene vapors by partially saturated zero-valent iron","volume":"647","author":"Zingaretti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2020.103687","article-title":"Horizontal permeable reactive barriers with zero-valent iron for preventing upward diffusion of chlorinated solvent vapors in the unsaturated zone","volume":"234","author":"Zingaretti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479725024776?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479725024776?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T22:28:00Z","timestamp":1764282480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301479725024776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S0301479725024776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Use of biochar and coal ash as passive sorbent barriers for long-term mitigation of chlorinated solvent vapours","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126501","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"126501"}}