{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T18:47:04Z","timestamp":1782499624317,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovation Fund Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2052-00004B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2052-00004B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T21:23:45Z","timestamp":1767734625000},"page":"128524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Closing the loop. Repurposed iron-coated granulate improves pollutant removal in nature-based solutions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"398","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6326-3172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina S.","family":"Pitropova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theis R.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ditte A.","family":"S\u00f8borg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamilla","family":"Aggerlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troels E.","family":"Raabjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes","family":"Vollertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib1","first-page":"2197","article-title":"Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of salinity tolerance in Carex morrowii boott","volume":"92","author":"Akpinar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.07.008","article-title":"Influence of intermittent wetting and drying conditions on heavy metal removal by stormwater biofilters","volume":"43","author":"Blecken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2008.12.009","article-title":"Impact of a submerged zone and a carbon source on heavy metal removal in stormwater biofilters","volume":"35","author":"Blecken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2007.749","article-title":"The influence of temperature on nutrient treatment efficiency in stormwater biofilter systems","volume":"46","author":"Blecken","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3390\/challe5010112","article-title":"Stormwater quality characteristics in (Dutch) urban areas and performance of settlement basins","volume":"5","author":"Boogaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Challenges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.2166\/wqrj.2019.006","article-title":"Manganese removal processes at 10 groundwater fed full-scale drinking water treatment plants","volume":"54","author":"Breda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Quality Research Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib7","author":"Bredahl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2175\/106143009X12487095237314","article-title":"Full\u2010scale removal of arsenate and chromate from water using a limestone and ochreous sludge mixture as a low\u2010cost sorbent material","volume":"82","author":"Cederkvist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.04.097","article-title":"Method for assessment of stormwater treatment facilities \u2013 synthetic road runoff addition including micro-pollutants and tracer","volume":"198","author":"Cederkvist","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115375","article-title":"Efficient nitrogen removal through coupling biochar with zero-valent iron by different packing modes in bioretention system","volume":"223","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.12.033","article-title":"Nitrogen removal and nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria quantification in a stormwater bioretention system","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib13","series-title":"s\u00f8er, Overgangsvande, Kystvande og Grundvand","article-title":"Report on the establishment of environmental targets for streams, lakes, estuaries, coastal waters, and groundwater (Bekendtg\u00f8relse om fastl\u00e6ggelse af milj\u00f8m\u00e5l for vandl\u00f8b","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.13611","article-title":"Non-competitive and competitive adsorption of Zn(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) by a granular Fe-Mn binary oxide in aqueous solution","volume":"40","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib15","article-title":"Removal of dissolved copper and zinc from highway runoff via adsorption","volume":"2","author":"Ernst","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sustain Water Built Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116314","article-title":"Bioretention soil capacity for removing nutrients, metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; roles of co-contaminants, pH, salinity and dissolved organic carbon","volume":"324","author":"Esfandiar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167766","article-title":"Evaluation of sorbent amendments used with stormwater management practices to remove contaminants: impacts of rainfall intensity and antecedent dry periods","volume":"906","author":"Esfandiar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib18","series-title":"Directive 2013\/39\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 Amending Directives 2000\/60\/EC and 2008\/105\/EC as Regards Priority Substances in the Field of Water Policy","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib19","series-title":"Directive 2006\/118\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the Protection of Groundwater Against Pollution and Deterioration","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.04.030","article-title":"Interactions between design, plant growth and the treatment performance of stormwater biofilters","volume":"105","author":"Glaister","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib21","author":"Glaister"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib22","article-title":"Report No. 30 \u2013 updated climate factors and design rainfall intensities (Skrift nr. 30 \u2013 opdaterede klimafaktorer og dimensionsg ivende regnintensiteter)","author":"Gregersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Wastewater Committee (Spildevandskomiteen)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.2166\/wpt.2022.091","article-title":"Evaluation of a sand filter material for road runoff treatment\u2013 pilot-scale field trial focused on copper and zinc removal","volume":"17","author":"Hallberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Pract. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecohyd.2021.08.008","article-title":"Comprehensive benefits of different application scales of sponge facilities in urban built areas of northwest China","volume":"21","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2024.105904","article-title":"Efficient chemical and microbial removal of iron and manganese in a rapid sand filter and impact of regular backwash","volume":"162","author":"Haukelidsaeter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133974","article-title":"Nutrient removal performance and microbial community analysis of amended bioretention column for rainwater runoff treatment","volume":"374","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158367","article-title":"Submerged zone and vegetation drive distribution of heavy metal fractions and microbial community structure: insights into stormwater biofiltration system","volume":"853","author":"HongE","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2010.0420","article-title":"A minimum data set of water quality parameters to assess and compare treatment efficiency of stormwater facilities","volume":"40","author":"Ingvertsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-022-03365-y","article-title":"Nature-based solutions to manage particle-bound metals in urban stormwater runoff: current design practices and knowledge gaps","volume":"23","author":"Irvine","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15657","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6758-2","article-title":"Nutrients removal and nitrous oxide emission during simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal process: effect of iron","volume":"23","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2016.1250819","article-title":"Phosphate adsorption to iron sludge from waterworks, ochre precipitation basins and commercial ferrihydrite at ambient freshwater phosphate concentrations","volume":"38","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2166\/bgs.2025.011","article-title":"Adopting a socio-technical perspective on the challenges and barriers in transitioning to blue-green infrastructure (BGI)","volume":"7","author":"Koohestani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blue-Green Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139057","article-title":"Urbanisation and emerging economies: issues and potential solutions for water and food security","volume":"732","author":"Kookana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-017-0982-y","article-title":"A critical literature review of bioretention research for stormwater management in cold climate and future research recommendations","volume":"11","author":"Kratky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138121","article-title":"Metal speciation in stormwater bioretention: removal of particulate, colloidal and truly dissolved metals","volume":"724","author":"Lange","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.111282","article-title":"Effects of plant species and traits on metal treatment and phytoextraction in stormwater bioretention","volume":"276","author":"Lange","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000876","article-title":"Review of dissolved pollutants in urban storm water and their removal and fate in bioretention cells","volume":"141","author":"LeFevre","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147592","article-title":"Design influence and evaluation model of bioretention in rainwater treatment: a review","volume":"787","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.02.056","article-title":"Granulation of drinking water treatment residuals as applicable media for phosphorus removal","volume":"213","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2025.132971","article-title":"City-scale integrated flood risk prediction under future climate change and urbanization based on the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) scenarios","volume":"655","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hydrol. (Amst.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BIOG.0000015342.40992.cb","article-title":"High groundwater nitrate concentrations inhibit eutrophication of sulphate-rich freshwater wetlands","volume":"67","author":"Lucassen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/JSWBAY.0000893","article-title":"State-of-the-Art review of phosphorus sorption amendments in bioretention media: a systematic literature review","volume":"6","author":"Marvin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sustain Water Built Environ"},{"issue":"2021","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14051312","article-title":"Adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using low-cost volcanic rocks: Kinetics and equilibrium approaches","volume":"14","author":"Mekonnen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9320","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b02133","article-title":"Plant-microbe interactions drive denitrification rates, dissolved nitrogen removal, and the abundance of denitrification genes in stormwater control measures","volume":"52","author":"Morse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1007\/s11244-023-01894-5","article-title":"Simultaneous nutrient removal from urban runoff using Bi-layer bioretention cells with novel media additives","volume":"67","author":"Narayanasamydamodaran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib46","first-page":"913","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of bioretention cells for urban stormwater management: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Nazarpour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water (Switzerland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2019.24023","article-title":"Lab-scale study on recirculated subsurface flow wetlands packed with pumice for the treatment of stormwater from animal feeding-lots","volume":"152","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Desalination Water Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.128401","article-title":"Effect of ferric iron (Fe(\u0428)) on heterotrophic solid-phase denitrification: denitrification performance and metabolic pathway","volume":"369","author":"Pang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2017.12.022","article-title":"Which species? A decision-support tool to guide plant selection in stormwater biofilters","volume":"113","author":"Payne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Water Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.3390\/su14031286","article-title":"Impact of environmental factors and system structure on bioretention evaporation efficiency","volume":"14","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88141-7","article-title":"Water, energy and climate benefits of urban greening throughout Europe under different climatic scenarios","volume":"11","author":"Quaranta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2020.300","article-title":"Grain displacement during backwash of drinking water filters","volume":"21","author":"Ramsay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c03974","article-title":"Drinking water criteria for arsenic in high-income, low-dose countries: the effect of legislation on public health","volume":"55","author":"Ramsay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166635","article-title":"Do drinking water treatment residuals underperform in the presence of compost in stormwater media filters?","volume":"904","author":"Raoelison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000227","article-title":"Review of bioretention system research and design: past, present, and future","volume":"136","author":"Roy-Poirier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136918","article-title":"The impact of media, plants and their interactions on bioretention performance: a review","volume":"715","author":"Skorobogatov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib57","article-title":"Dissolved metal adsorption capacities and fractionation in filter materials for use in stormwater bioretention facilities","volume":"4","author":"S\u00f8berg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res. X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2015.040","article-title":"Effect of oxygen deprivation on treatment processes in a full-scale drinking water biofilter","volume":"15","author":"S\u00f8borg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Supply"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.10.030","article-title":"A pilot-scale, bi-layer bioretention system with biochar and zero-valent iron for enhanced nitrate removal from stormwater","volume":"148","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116648","article-title":"Conventional and amended bioretention soil media for targeted pollutant treatment: a critical review to guide the state of the practice","volume":"189","author":"Tirpak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112766","article-title":"Bioretention systems for stormwater management: recent advances and future prospects","volume":"292","author":"Vijayaraghavan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"2017","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.3390\/w9110854","article-title":"Removal of heavy metals from urban stormwater runoff using bioretention media mix","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120561","article-title":"Molecular-scale characterization of groundwater treatment sludge from around the world: implications for potential arsenic recovery","volume":"245","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123728","article-title":"The efficacy of bioretention systems amended with iron-modified biochar for the source-separated and component-specific treatment of rainwater runoff: a microbiome perspective","volume":"373","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"2018","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.3390\/w10111629","article-title":"Effect of a submerged zone and carbon source on nutrient and metal removal for stormwater by bioretention cells","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.3390\/land13101702","article-title":"The application of rain gardens in urban environments: a bibliometric review","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Land"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001232","article-title":"Does it pay to be mature? Evaluation of bioretention cell performance seven years postconstruction","volume":"143","author":"Willard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124424","article-title":"Bioretention cell incorporating Fe-biochar and saturated zones for enhanced stormwater runoff treatment","volume":"237","author":"Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109649","article-title":"Water treatment residual: a critical review of its applications on pollutant removal from stormwater runoff and future perspectives","volume":"259","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119926","article-title":"Enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal in plant-biochar-pyrite stormwater bioretention systems: impact of temperature and high-frequency heavy rainfall","volume":"262","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib71","article-title":"Application of iron-manganese oxide fillers in bioretention facility: enhanced removal of antibiotics and conventional contaminants","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib72","article-title":"Roles of Fe(II), Fe(III) and Fe0 in denitrification and anammox process: mechanisms, advances and perspectives","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Water Proc. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2021.27694","article-title":"A mixed-flow bioretention system amended with water treatment residuals to enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance","volume":"236","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Desalination Water Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2023.129182","article-title":"Mitigation of nutrient leaching from bioretention systems using amendments","volume":"618","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hydrol. (Amst.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2011.06.016","article-title":"Influence of plant species and submerged zone with carbon addition on nutrient removal in stormwater biofilter","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2012.12.007","article-title":"Optimising nitrogen removal in existing stormwater biofilters: benefits and tradeoffs of a retrofitted saturated zone","volume":"51","author":"Zinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479725045001?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479725045001?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T17:55:01Z","timestamp":1782496501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301479725045001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S0301479725045001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Closing the loop. Repurposed iron-coated granulate improves pollutant removal in nature-based solutions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.128524","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"128524"}}