{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T23:46:27Z","timestamp":1782431187250,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271710"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004775","name":"Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25JRRA673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25JRRA673"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T01:51:33Z","timestamp":1772243493000},"page":"129071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Carbon flux dynamics and carbon use efficiency and their key environmental drivers in a climate-sensitive Picea crassifolia forest"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"402","author":[{"given":"Boliang","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linsong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangshu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiansheng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongren","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164959","article-title":"Changing characteristics of ecosystem and water storage under the background of warming and humidification in the Qilian Mountains, China","volume":"893","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2017.05.015","article-title":"Inter-annual variability of net and gross ecosystem carbon fluxes: a review","volume":"249","author":"Baldocchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(97)00072-5","article-title":"On using eco-physiological, micrometeorological and biogeochemical theory to evaluate carbon dioxide, water vapor and trace gas fluxes over vegetation: a perspective","volume":"90","author":"Baldocchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2024.109929","article-title":"AmeriFlux: its impact on our understanding of the \u2018breathing of the biosphere\u2019, after 25 years","volume":"348","author":"Baldocchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14807","article-title":"How eddy covariance flux measurements have contributed to our understanding of global change biology","volume":"26","author":"Baldocchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"issue":"5993","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1184984","article-title":"Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate","volume":"329","author":"Beer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12164","article-title":"Tundra ecosystems observed to be CO2 sources due to differential amplification of the carbon cycle","volume":"16","author":"Belshe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01343734","article-title":"The effect of soil drying on humus decomposition and nitrogen availability","volume":"10","author":"Birch","year":"1958","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167168","article-title":"Increasing forest carbon sinks in cold and arid northeastern Tibetan Plateau","volume":"905","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2014.08.015","article-title":"Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) forest transpiration and canopy conductance in the upper Heihe River Basin of arid northwestern China","volume":"198","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-022-00344-2","article-title":"Carbon and nitrogen cycling on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Earth Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12277","article-title":"The impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2013.04.026","article-title":"Temperature and precipitation control of the spatial variation of terrestrial ecosystem carbon exchange in the Asian region","volume":"182","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2018.11.004","article-title":"Magnitude, pattern and controls of carbon flux and carbon use efficiency in China's typical forests","volume":"172","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Planet. Change"},{"issue":"7081","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04514","article-title":"Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change","volume":"440","author":"Davidson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172611","article-title":"Dynamics of carbon and water vapor fluxes in three typical ecosystems of Heihe River Basin, Northwestern China","volume":"929","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"5144","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1126\/science.263.5144.185","article-title":"Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems","volume":"263","author":"Dixon","year":"1994","journal-title":"science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2022.128305","article-title":"Vulnerability of grassland ecosystems to climate change in the Qilian Mountains, northwest China","volume":"612","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2022.104451","article-title":"Net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide fluxes and its driving mechanism in the forests on the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"103","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"issue":"5324","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5324.364","article-title":"Maximum and minimum temperature trends for the globe","volume":"277","author":"Easterling","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15451","article-title":"Modelling carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial vegetation","volume":"221","author":"Fatichi","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2025.133987","article-title":"Carbon dioxide and water exchanges of a Qinghai spruce forest ecosystem in the Qilian Mountains in Northwestern China","volume":"662","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2023.109764","article-title":"Temporal variations of carbon and water fluxes in a subtropical mangrove forest: insights from a decade-long eddy covariance measurement","volume":"343","author":"Gou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-021-00826-w","article-title":"Reference carbon cycle dataset for typical Chinese forests via colocated observations and data assimilation","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2018.05.022","article-title":"Impacts of recent climate extremes on spring phenology in arid-mountain ecosystems in China","volume":"260","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177786","article-title":"Interannual variations in grassland carbon fluxes and attribution of influencing factors in Qilian Mountains","volume":"957","author":"Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"China. Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168070","article-title":"Impacts of altitudinal ecohydrological dynamic changes on water balance under warming climate in a watershed of the Qilian Mountains","volume":"908","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"China. Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2023.109318","article-title":"Multi-year trends and interannual variation in ecosystem resource use efficiencies in a young mixedwood plantation in northern China","volume":"330","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01646.x","article-title":"Spatial variability and major controlling factors of CO2 sink strength in Asian terrestrial ecosystems: evidence from eddy covariance data","volume":"14","author":"Kato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2010.02179.x","article-title":"Time lag between photosynthesis and carbon dioxide efflux from soil: a review of mechanisms and controls","volume":"16","author":"Kuzyakov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14051248","article-title":"Response of vegetation phenology to the interaction of temperature and precipitation changes in Qilian mountains","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2019.01.013","article-title":"Growth stage-dependant variability in water vapor and CO2 exchanges over a humid alpine shrubland on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","volume":"268","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2021.126110","article-title":"Responses of soil organic carbon to climate change in the Qilian Mountains and its future projection","volume":"596","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.120740","article-title":"An optimal ensemble of the CoLM for simulating the carbon and water fluxes over typical forests in China","volume":"356","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2024.109938","article-title":"Relationship between extreme climate and vegetation in arid and semi-arid mountains in China: a case study of the Qilian Mountains","volume":"348","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4605","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16218","article-title":"Re-assessment of the climatic controls on the carbon and water fluxes of a boreal aspen forest over 1996-2016: changing sensitivity to long-term climatic conditions","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2024.110166","article-title":"Research on the characteristics, driving mechanism and spatial pattern of carbon sink in alpine ecosystem: a study case of Qilian Mountains","volume":"356","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(2002)012[0980:EBAPON]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Estimated biomass and productivity of natural vegetation on the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2024.130763","article-title":"Altitude-dependent responses of dryland mountain ecosystems to drought under a warming climate in the Qilian Mountains, NW China","volume":"630","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2012.04225.x","article-title":"Environmental and stoichiometric controls on microbial carbon\u2010use efficiency in soils","volume":"196","author":"Manzoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"issue":"6045","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201609","article-title":"A large and persistent carbon sink in the World's forests","volume":"333","author":"Pan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-0534-3","article-title":"The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data","volume":"7","author":"Pastorello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163777","article-title":"Contextualized response of carbon-use efficiency to warming at the plant and ecosystem levels","volume":"885","author":"Quan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2017.08.002","article-title":"Differential responses of soil microbial biomass and carbon-degrading enzyme activities to altered precipitation","volume":"115","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2005.08.016","article-title":"Inter-annual variability of carbon budget components in an AsiaFlux forest site estimated by long-term flux measurements","volume":"134","author":"Saigusa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"issue":"7546","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14338","article-title":"Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback","volume":"520","author":"Schuur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2024.110018","article-title":"Wetting-warming climate increases ecosystem carbon use efficiency of Chinese arid and semi-arid ecosystem","volume":"351","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2023.109379","article-title":"Carbon exchange of forest plantations: global patterns and biophysical drivers","volume":"336","author":"Tong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2010.06.019","article-title":"The influence of precipitation pulses on soil respiration-assessing the \u201cBirch effect\u201d by stable carbon isotopes","volume":"42","author":"Unger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140077","article-title":"Dynamics of CO2 and H2O fluxes in Johnson grass in the US Southern Great Plains","volume":"739","author":"Wagle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2015.02.001","article-title":"Carbon pools of semi-arid Picea crassifolia forests in the Qilian Mountains (north-eastern Tibetan Plateau)","volume":"343","author":"Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2024.107829","article-title":"Exploring the spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of vegetation canopy rainfall interception in the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China","volume":"237","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2024.110187","article-title":"Water availability control the seasonal and inter-annual variability of CO2 fluxes in an alpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau","volume":"356","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2015283118","article-title":"Plant uptake of CO2 outpaces losses from permafrost and plant respiration on the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"118","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2022.115707","article-title":"Weakening of carbon sink on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","volume":"412","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-024-2199-x","article-title":"Elevation response of above-ground net primary productivity for Picea crassifolia to climate change in Qilian Mountains of Northwest China based on tree rings","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2013.08.007","article-title":"Carbon fluxes, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems in China","volume":"182\u2013183","author":"Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib58","article-title":"Spatiotemporal differentiation of the terrestrial gross primary production response to climate constraints in a dryland mountain ecosystem of northwestern China","volume":"276","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib59","first-page":"515","article-title":"A long-term simulation of forest carbon fluxes over the Qilian Mountains","volume":"52","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.109893","article-title":"Research on the change of alpine ecosystem service value and its sustainable development path","volume":"146","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123445","article-title":"Understanding the roles of climate change, land use and land cover change and water diversion project in modulating water- and carbon-use efficiency in Han River Basin","volume":"373","author":"Yue","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4859","article-title":"Allocation pattern and accumulation potential of carbon stock in natural spruce forests in northwest China","volume":"6","author":"Yue","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12836","article-title":"Asymmetric sensitivity of ecosystem carbon and water processes in response to precipitation change in a semi\u2010arid steppe","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170517","article-title":"Characterization and drivers of water and carbon fluxes dynamics in dune ecosystems of the Horqin Sandy Land","volume":"918","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.110131","article-title":"Revealing the main factors affecting global forest change at distinct altitude gradients","volume":"148","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18848","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904955116","article-title":"Land\u2013atmosphere feedbacks exacerbate concurrent soil drought and atmospheric aridity","volume":"116","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3509","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-21-3509-2024","article-title":"Using eddy covariance observations to determine the carbon sequestration characteristics of subalpine forests in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","volume":"21","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2016.05.022","article-title":"Net ecosystem productivity and its environmental controls in a mature Scots pine stand in north-western Poland","volume":"228","author":"Ziemblinska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479726005311?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479726005311?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T22:58:24Z","timestamp":1782428304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301479726005311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["S0301479726005311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Carbon flux dynamics and carbon use efficiency and their key environmental drivers in a climate-sensitive Picea crassifolia forest","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129071","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"129071"}}