{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:48:51Z","timestamp":1790084931201,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFD2401302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD2401302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003472","name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003472","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T21:51:28Z","timestamp":1777153888000},"page":"129740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Electropositive interface engineering accelerates start-up and enhances nitrate removal in microbial electrochemical denitrification systems (MEDS)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"405","author":[{"given":"Jiannan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10020117","article-title":"Structural, mechanical, and transport properties of electron beam-irradiated chitosan membranes at different doses","volume":"10","author":"Baroudi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"3\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6107(00)00021-3","article-title":"The infrared absorption of amino acid side chains","volume":"74","author":"Barth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Progress in biophysics and molecular biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-3861(00)00713-8","article-title":"An infrared investigation in relation with chitin and chitosan characterization","volume":"42","author":"Brugnerotto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3354","DOI":"10.1021\/es062580r","article-title":"Biological denitrification in microbial fuel cells","volume":"41","author":"Clauwaert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib5","article-title":"Improving nitrogen removal performance from rare earth wastewater via partial denitrification and anammox process with Fe (II) amendment","volume":"60","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Water Proc. Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17112737","article-title":"Crosslinked polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride adsorbent for the selective separation of rhenium ions from pregnant leach solutions","volume":"17","author":"Fathi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153061","article-title":"Application of external carbon source in heterotrophic denitrification of domestic sewage: a review","volume":"817","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.3390\/md8051567","article-title":"Application of spectroscopic methods for structural analysis of chitin and chitosan","volume":"8","author":"Kumirska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2020.228555","article-title":"Three-dimensional amino modification carbon nanotubes\/graphene composite aerogel anode enhanced Geobacter enrichment and performance in microbial electrochemical systems","volume":"473","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.122907","article-title":"Hydrophilic graphene aerogel anodes enhance the performance of microbial electrochemical systems","volume":"304","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestengg.1c00396","article-title":"Enhanced microbial electrochemical systems performance by optimizing the \u201cAnode-Collector\u201d collection mode: from enhancement mechanism to construction strategy","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS ES&T Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118429","article-title":"Construction of a new type of three-dimensional honeycomb-structure anode in microbial electrochemical systems for energy harvesting and pollutant removal","volume":"218","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162926","article-title":"Recovery of electron and carbon source from agricultural waste corncob by microbial electrochemical system to enhance wastewater denitrification","volume":"878","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.129307","article-title":"Enhanced electron recovery by optimizing sandwich structure agricultural waste corncob filled anode in microbial electrochemical system to facilitate wastewater denitrification","volume":"384","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.142736","article-title":"Revealed mechanism of micron-pore size of 3D bio-anode on the behavior of biofilm and system performance in microbial electrochemical system","volume":"464","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.4c00849","article-title":"Insight into the impact of millimeter-pore size of 3D bioanodes on biofilm behavior and system performance in microbial electrochemical systems","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS ES&T Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122607","article-title":"Simultaneous carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal and energy recovery from wastewater in a zero-energy microbial electrochemical system with algal-bacterial biocathode","volume":"285","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib18","article-title":"Boosting nitrogen removal through Fe0-coupled sulfur autotrophic denitrification: mediated by enhanced sulfur disproportionation and electron transfer","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Water Res. X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2025.148070","article-title":"Polydopamine modification accelerates the enrichment of electroactive microorganisms and enhances nitrate removal in microbial electrochemical denitrification systems (MEDS)","volume":"549","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116498","article-title":"Remediation of nitrate contamination by membrane hydrogenotrophic denitrifying biofilm integrated in microbial electrolysis cell","volume":"188","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125893","article-title":"Energetics, electron uptake mechanisms and limitations of electroautotrophs growing on biocathodes \u2013 a review","volume":"342","author":"Massazza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"6315","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/350223a0","article-title":"Chemical removal of nitrate from water","volume":"350","author":"Murphy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7987","DOI":"10.1021\/es071178p","article-title":"Carbon and steel surfaces modified by Leptothrix discophora SP-6:: characterization and implications","volume":"41","author":"Nguyen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800132-5.00001-8","article-title":"Soil chemical insights provided through vibrational spectroscopy","volume":"126","author":"Parikh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2014.10.011","article-title":"Extracellular electron transfer of biocathodes: revealing the potentials for nitrate and nitrite reduction of denitrifying microbiomes dominated by Thiobacillus sp","volume":"49","author":"Pous","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4992","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49429-0","article-title":"Growth of electroautotrophic microorganisms using hydrovoltaic energy through natural water evaporation","volume":"15","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib27","article-title":"Challenges and applications of nitrate-reducing microbial biocathodes","volume":"152","author":"Rogi\u0144","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s11771-008-0070-3","article-title":"FTIR analysis of adsorption of poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride on kaolinite","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cent. S. Univ. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.10.068","article-title":"Impact of external carbon dose on the removal of micropollutants using methanol and ethanol in post-denitrifying Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors","volume":"108","author":"Torresi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib30","article-title":"Active microbial ecosystem in glacier basal ice fuelled by iron and silicate comminution\u2010derived hydrogen","volume":"10","author":"Toubes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib31","article-title":"Denitrification process in microbial fuel cell: a comprehensive review","volume":"17","author":"Vijay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2008.07.085","article-title":"Accelerated start-up of two-chambered microbial fuel cells: effect of anodic positive poised potential","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6870","DOI":"10.1021\/es900997w","article-title":"Use of carbon mesh anodes and the effect of different pretreatment methods on power production in microbial fuel cells","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib34","article-title":"Insights into sulfur cycling contribution to nitrogen removal in sulfur autotrophic denitrification combined microbial electrochemical denitrification","volume":"482","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2014.12.012","article-title":"pH-induced structural changes of surface immobilized poly (L-lysine) by two-dimensional (2D) infrared correlation study","volume":"26","author":"Yoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2015.08.025","article-title":"Direct uptake of electrode electrons for autotrophic denitrification by Thiobacillus denitrificans","volume":"60","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib37","first-page":"500","article-title":"Enhancing microbial fuel cell performance with free-standing three-dimensional N-doped porous carbon anodes","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6608","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b16910","article-title":"Design and development of graphene oxide Nanoparticle\/Chitosan hybrids showing pH-Sensitive surface charge-reversible ability for efficient intracellular Doxorubicin delivery","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.07.069","article-title":"Quick start-up and performance of microbial fuel cell enhanced with a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride modified carbon felt anode","volume":"119","author":"Zhong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479726012004?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479726012004?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T13:58:50Z","timestamp":1783173530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301479726012004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0301479726012004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Electropositive interface engineering accelerates start-up and enhances nitrate removal in microbial electrochemical denitrification systems (MEDS)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.129740","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"129740"}}