{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T22:06:10Z","timestamp":1780524370246,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T10:45:50Z","timestamp":1779792350000},"page":"130009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Characterization of spatial and temporal changes in groundwater chemistry and analysis of pollution sources in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"409","author":[{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6865-3902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanfei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangqian","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafrearsci.2020.103964","article-title":"Groundwater quality index based on PCA: wadi El-natrun, Egypt","volume":"172","author":"Abdelaziz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Afr. Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111277","article-title":"Groundwater chemistry, distribution and potential health risk appraisal of nitrate enriched groundwater: a case study from the semi-urban region of South India","volume":"207","author":"Adimalla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su142114572","article-title":"Principal component analysis (PCA)\u2013Geographic information system (GIS) modeling for groundwater and associated health risks in abbottabad, Pakistan","volume":"14","author":"Akbar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.125000","article-title":"Hydrogeochemical properties, source provenance, distribution, and health risk of high fluoride groundwater: geochemical control, and source apportionment","volume":"362","author":"Ayub","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-019-00500-6","article-title":"Multivariate statistics and water quality index (WQI) approach for geochemical assessment of groundwater quality\u2014A case study of Kanavi halla sub-basin, Belagavi, India","volume":"42","author":"B Patil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1515\/geo-2018-0054","article-title":"Land deformation associated with exploitation of groundwater in changzhou city measured by COSMO-SkyMed and Sentinel-1A SAR data","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Geosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2019.63248","article-title":"Using piper trilinear diagrams and principal component analysis to determine variation in hydrochemical faces and understand the evolution of groundwater in Sidi Slimane region, Morocco","volume":"23","author":"Darwesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00271-009-0148-1","article-title":"Modeling irrigated cotton with shallow groundwater in the Aral sea basin of Uzbekistan: I. Water dynamics","volume":"27","author":"Forkutsa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Irrig. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4491\/eer.2018.178","article-title":"Application of multivariate statistics towards the geochemical evaluation of fluoride enrichment in groundwater at Shilabati river bank, West Bengal, India","volume":"24","author":"Ghosh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14091922","article-title":"Evaluating the impacts of fertilization and rainfall on multi-form phosphorus losses from agricultural fields: a case study on the North China plain","volume":"14","author":"Guan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2024.132616","article-title":"Hydrogeochemical analysis and paleo-hydrogeological modeling of shallow groundwater salinization processes in North China plain","volume":"651","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.05.052","article-title":"A comparison of forest and agricultural shallow groundwater chemical status a century after land use change","volume":"529","author":"Kellner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.28991\/CEJ-2024-010-07-018","article-title":"Groundwater quality assessment in the middle-upper Pleistocene aquifer","volume":"10","author":"Kieu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Civil Engineering Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2012.09.018","article-title":"Essentials of the self-organizing map","volume":"37","author":"Kohonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.08.092","article-title":"Iodine mobilization in groundwater system at datong basin, China: evidence from hydrochemistry and fluorescence characteristics","volume":"468\u2013469","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.147","article-title":"Multivariate receptor models and robust geostatistics to estimate source apportionment of heavy metals in soils","volume":"244","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-011-1092-y","article-title":"Assessment of groundwater quality using multivariate statistical techniques in hashtgerd plain, Iran","volume":"65","author":"Nosrati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib18","article-title":"Use of cover crops in vineyards to prevent groundwater pollution by copper and organic fungicides: soil column studies","volume":"303","author":"Ortega","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.28991\/CEJ-2024-010-03-03","article-title":"Evaluating groundwater quality using multivariate statistical analysis and groundwater quality index","volume":"10","author":"Pham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Civil Engineering Journal"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-021-09743-y","article-title":"Physicochemical indicators of the influence of a lined municipal landfill on groundwater quality: a case study from Poland","volume":"80","author":"Przydatek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-025-02398-1","article-title":"Hydrogeochemistry and its relationship with land use pattern and monsoon in hard rock aquifer","volume":"15","author":"Rajmohan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Water Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2006.02.001","article-title":"Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of the fuji river basin, Japan","volume":"22","author":"Shrestha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Software"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1080\/09640568.2019.1606618","article-title":"Evaluating alternative policies to reduce pesticide groundwater pollution in Dutch arable farming","volume":"63","author":"Skevas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Plann. Manag."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib25","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Hydrogeochemical characteristics and controlling factors of groundwater in changzhou city","volume":"69","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib24","article-title":"Assessment of groundwater vulnerability using integrated remote sensing and GIS techniques for the West Bengal coast, India","volume":"238","author":"Sudha Rani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(85)90132-5","article-title":"A quantitative assessment of source contributions to inhalable particulate matter pollution in metropolitan Boston","volume":"19","author":"Thurston","year":"1985","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2136\/vzj2007.0082","article-title":"Evaluating interactions between groundwater and vadose zone using the HYDRUS-based flow package for MODFLOW","volume":"7","author":"Twarakavi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vadose Zone J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.28991\/HEF-2024-05-02-06","article-title":"Towards improving sustainable water management in geothermal fields: SVM and RF land use monitoring","volume":"5","author":"Utama","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hum. Earth Future"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2004.07.026","article-title":"Non-agricultural sources of groundwater nitrate: a review and case study","volume":"39","author":"Wakida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13278","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4519-2","article-title":"Intensive rice agriculture deteriorates the quality of shallow groundwater in a typical agricultural catchment in subtropical central China","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3907","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-13-3907-2021","article-title":"The 30 m annual land cover dataset and its dynamics in China from 1990 to 2019","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139405","article-title":"Analysis of the influence of groundwater on land subsidence in Beijing based on the geographical weighted regression (GWR) model","volume":"738","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00168-017-0829-2","article-title":"Computable urban economic model incorporated with economies of scale for urban agglomeration simulation","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Reg. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479726014696?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479726014696?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T21:21:11Z","timestamp":1780521671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301479726014696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0301479726014696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characterization of spatial and temporal changes in groundwater chemistry and analysis of pollution sources in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"130009"}}