{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:59:01Z","timestamp":1790823541471,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024050","name":"Brno University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAST-S-24-8482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAST-S-24-8482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004585","name":"Vysok\u00e9 U\u010den\u00ed Technick\u00e9 v Brn\u011b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004585","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022424","name":"Republic of Srpska Ministry of Scientific and Technological Development Higher Education and Information Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19.032\/961-86\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19.032\/961-86\/24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:53:41Z","timestamp":1790020421000},"page":"130993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of sewage sludge and biochar amendments on green roof substrate properties and Sedum growth"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"417","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8263-356X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Novotn\u00fd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"\u0160ipka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edt\u011bzslav","family":"Vl\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3669-1635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Carnevale","family":"Miino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Ra\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Hlav\u00ednek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"To\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihajlo","family":"Markovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.03.085","article-title":"Construction and demolition waste generation and properties of recycled aggregate concrete: a global perspective","volume":"186","author":"Akhtar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.24266\/0738-2898-28.4.244","article-title":"Green roof growing substrates: types, ingredients, composition and properties","volume":"28","author":"Ampim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Hortic."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.12413","article-title":"How good is the evidence that soil\u2010applied biochar improves water\u2010holding capacity?","volume":"34","author":"Atkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Use Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/20198600026","article-title":"Influence of environmental factors on retention of extensive green roofs with different substrate composition","volume":"86","author":"Bary\u0142a","year":"2019","journal-title":"E3S Web of Conferences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2014.01.036","article-title":"Moisture content behaviour in extensive green roofs during dry periods: the influence of vegetation and substrate characteristics","volume":"511","author":"Berretta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1080\/01904167.2019.1628984","article-title":"Biochar particle size andiRhizobia\/istrains effect on the uptake and efficiency of nitrogen in lentils","volume":"42","author":"Billah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124719","article-title":"Effect of biochar addition to sewage sludge on cadmium, copper and lead speciation in sewage sludge-amended soil","volume":"239","author":"Bogusz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148756","article-title":"A critical review of the possible adverse effects of biochar in the soil environment","volume":"796","author":"Brtnicky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123767","article-title":"Performance of wood waste biochar and food waste compost in a pilot-scale sustainable drainage system for stormwater treatment","volume":"348","author":"Buates","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib10","series-title":"Green Roof Ecosystems","first-page":"107","article-title":"Nutrient cycling in green roof ecosystems","author":"Buffam","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2014.06.017","article-title":"Biochar makes green roof substrates lighter and improves water supply to plants","volume":"71","author":"Cao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.10.024","article-title":"The evapotranspiration process in green roofs: a review","volume":"147","author":"Cascone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture11070620","article-title":"Biochar improves sustainability of green roofs via regulate of soil microbial communities","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/f9070413","article-title":"Effects of biochar and sludge on carbon storage of urban green roofs","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.04.127","article-title":"Biochar increases plant growth and alters microbial communities via regulating the moisture and temperature of green roof substrates","volume":"635","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2022.02.061","article-title":"Biomass-derived biochar: from production to application in removing heavy metal-contaminated water","volume":"160","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib17","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01636","article-title":"Microbial extracellular polymeric substances: ecological function and impact on soil aggregation","volume":"9","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-021-00099-x","article-title":"Association of biochar properties with changes in soil bacterial, fungal and fauna communities and nutrient cycling processes","volume":"3","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib20","series-title":"Decree No. 474\/2000 Sb on the Specification of Requirements for Fertilizers","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib21","series-title":"EU Ecolabel Criteria for Growing Media and Soil Improvers \u2013 User Manual \u2013 Commission Decision (EU) 2022\/1244","author":"Delre","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136857","article-title":"A meta-analysis on biochar's effects on soil water properties \u2013 new insights and future research challenges","volume":"714","author":"Edeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2020.105966","article-title":"Assessment of recycled or locally available materials as green roof substrates","volume":"156","author":"Eksi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for the planning, construction and maintenance of green roofs (6th)","year":"2018","journal-title":"Landscape Development and Landscaping research Society e.V (FLL)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/tie.21924","article-title":"The circular economy and circular economic concepts\u2014a literature analysis and redefinition","volume":"60","author":"Geisendorf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thunderbird Int. Bus. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3390\/biomass5020033","article-title":"Evaluation of heavy metal adsorption efficiency of biochars derived from agricultural waste","volume":"5","author":"Georgieva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomass"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.04.240","article-title":"A review on wastewater sludge valorisation and its challenges in the context of circular economy","volume":"228","author":"Gherghel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.37934\/sea.1.1.2745","article-title":"Factors affecting soil bulk density: a conceptual model","author":"Giap","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Soil, Environment & Agroecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45693-z","article-title":"Biochar effects on phosphorus availability in agricultural soils: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Glaser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib30","article-title":"Biochar-amended substrate improves nutrient retention in green roof plots","volume":"3","author":"Goldschmidt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Based Solut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128668","article-title":"A review of pristine and modified biochar immobilizing typical heavy metals in soil: applications and challenges","volume":"432","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.3390\/land10121334","article-title":"Evapotranspiration measurements and assessment of driving factors: a comparison of different green roof systems during summer in Germany","volume":"10","author":"G\u00f6\u00dfner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Land"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2014.05.007","article-title":"Use of inorganic substrates and composted green waste in growing media for green roofs","volume":"124","author":"Graceson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib34","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib35","series-title":"Manual of Techniques of Plant Sociology, Ecology, Climatology and Soil Analysis","year":"1954"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2015.01.002","article-title":"Changing global patterns of urban exposure to flood and drought hazards","volume":"31","author":"G\u00fcneralp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2019.12.003","article-title":"The role of biochar in organic waste composting and soil improvement: a review","volume":"102","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2004.02.028","article-title":"Reuse of waste materials as growing media for ornamental plants","volume":"96","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Apaolaza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.131897","article-title":"Perspective review on municipal solid waste-to-energy route: characteristics, management strategy, and role in circular economy","volume":"359","author":"Hoang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib40","volume":"4th","author":"Hopkins","year":"2008"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4512","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.13881","article-title":"Experimental study on the hydrological performance of green roofs in the application of novel biochar","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib42","series-title":"Climate Change and Soil Interactions","first-page":"473","article-title":"Hydraulic properties of soil under warming climate","author":"Indoria","year":"2020"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI13541-18","article-title":"Evaluating On-demand irrigation systems for container-grown woody plants grown in biochar-amended pine bark","volume":"53","author":"Jahromi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hortscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib44","first-page":"117","article-title":"Soil-water retention and its role in crop yield optimization","volume":"5","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Comput. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbuil.2022.1019362","article-title":"Green roof substrates\u2014A literature review","volume":"8","author":"Kader","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Built Environment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-022-02837-y","article-title":"Feasibility study for estimating optimal substrate parameters for sustainable green roof in Sri Lanka","volume":"26","author":"Kader","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2015.11.012","article-title":"An examination of physical and chemical properties of urban biochar for use as growing media substrate","volume":"84","author":"Kaudal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(03)00125-1","article-title":"Mature green waste compost enhances growth and nitrogen uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) through the action of water-extractable factors","volume":"90","author":"Keeling","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52336-5","article-title":"Biochar production under different pyrolysis temperatures with different types of agricultural wastes","volume":"14","author":"Khater","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60038a038","article-title":"Kjeldahl method for total nitrogen","volume":"22","author":"Kirk","year":"1950","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40725-018-0073-8","article-title":"Warming and elevated CO2 have opposing influences on transpiration. Which is more important?","volume":"4","author":"Kirschbaum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Forestry Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.12.019","article-title":"Fate of nutrients and heavy metals during two-stage digestion and aerobic post-treatment of municipal organic waste","volume":"251","author":"Knoop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1111\/1752-1688.13119","article-title":"Influence of compost amendment rate and level of compaction on the hydraulic functioning of soils","volume":"59","author":"Kranz","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.01.157","article-title":"Biochar aging in contaminated soil promotes Zn immobilization due to changes in biochar surface structural and chemical properties","volume":"626","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2015.12.010","article-title":"Biochar amendment in the green roof substrate affects runoff quality and quantity","volume":"88","author":"Kuoppam\u00e4ki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2016.04.006","article-title":"Mitigating nutrient leaching from green roofs with biochar","volume":"152","author":"Kuoppam\u00e4ki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plann."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2023.128082","article-title":"Crushed concrete and biochar: a sustainable solution for vegetated roofs","volume":"88","author":"Kuoppam\u00e4ki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib58","series-title":"Monitoring Electrical Conductivity in Soils and Growing Media","author":"Landis","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib59","unstructured":"Law No. 541\/2020 Sb. Waste Act (2020). 222\/2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.12848","article-title":"Effects of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type on biochar characteristics pertinent to soil carbon and soil health: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Use Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126655","article-title":"Application of co-pyrolysis biochar for the adsorption and immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated environmental substrates","volume":"420","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14557","article-title":"Microbes drive global soil nitrogen mineralization and availability","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2024.105749","article-title":"Effects of biochar on plant and microbial communities in landfill soil","volume":"204","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-025-1967-x","article-title":"Biochar effects on bacterial communities in recycled concrete aggregates","volume":"19","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-024-00355-w","article-title":"Plant performance and soil\u2013plant carbon relationship response to different biochar types","volume":"6","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15475","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c04185","article-title":"Biochar benefits green infrastructure: global meta-analysis and synthesis","volume":"57","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2022.127871","article-title":"Simulating annual runoff retention performance of extensive green roofs: a comparison of four climatic regions in China","volume":"610","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2023.130133","article-title":"Substrate moisture variations of extensive green roofs with different structural configurations in a semi-arid region: observational data and dynamic simulation","volume":"626","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib69","series-title":"Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2134\/advagricsystmodel4.c8","article-title":"Root effects on soil properties and processes: synthesis and future research needs","author":"Logsdon","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2014.10.016","article-title":"Carbon sequestration potential of green roofs using mixed-sewage-sludge substrate in chengdu world modern Garden City","volume":"49","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118755","article-title":"Wastewater fertigation in agriculture: issues and opportunities for improved water management and circular economy","volume":"296","author":"Mainardis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dwt.2025.101399","article-title":"Research progress on adsorption mechanisms and regeneration applications of modified biochar for heavy metals in wastewater","volume":"324","author":"Mao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Desalination Water Treat."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2005.12.009","article-title":"Humification-mineralization pyrolytic indices and carbon fractions of soil under organic and conventional management in central Italy","volume":"92","author":"Marinari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1080\/00103628409367568","article-title":"Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: a modification of Mehlich 2 extractant","volume":"15","author":"Mehlich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/01448765.2016.1185645","article-title":"The effect of sewage sludge biochar on peat-based growing media","volume":"33","author":"M\u00e9ndez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Agric. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib76","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Inland Waters","first-page":"157","article-title":"Wetland soils: physical and chemical properties and biogeochemical processes","author":"Mobilian","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.06.075","article-title":"The role of tailored biochar in increasing plant growth, and reducing bioavailability, phytotoxicity, and uptake of heavy metals in contaminated soil","volume":"230","author":"Mohamed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2020.00106","article-title":"The roles of plant growth promoting microbes in enhancing plant tolerance to acidity and alkalinity stresses","volume":"4","author":"Msimbira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Sustain. Food Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.017","article-title":"Cation exchange capacity of biochar: an urgent method modification","volume":"642","author":"Munera-Echeverri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12102428","article-title":"Comparison of the responses of soil enzymes, microbial respiration and plant growth characteristics under the application of agricultural and food waste-derived biochars","volume":"12","author":"Mustafa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7421","DOI":"10.3390\/app14167421","article-title":"Biochar amendment in green roof substrate: a comprehensive review of the benefits, performance, and challenges","volume":"14","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib82","series-title":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015","first-page":"2395","article-title":"Effect of sewage sludge application on hydrophobicity and water retention curve of soil","author":"Nourmahnad","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2018.00054","article-title":"Concentration and release of phosphorus and potassium from Lignocellulosic- and manure-based biochars for fertilizer reuse","volume":"2","author":"Novak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Sustain. Food Syst."},{"issue":"100999","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib84","article-title":"The use of biochar made from biomass and biosolids as a substrate for green infrastructure: a review.: a review","volume":"32","author":"Novotn\u00fd","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib85","article-title":"Influence of different alternative organic substrates as fillings for green roofs on the quality of rainfall runoff","volume":"38","author":"Novotn\u00fd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1641\/B571005","article-title":"Green roofs as urban ecosystems: ecological structures, functions, and services","volume":"57","author":"Oberndorfer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.05.015","article-title":"Towards a circular economy: an emerging economies context","volume":"122","author":"Patwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib88","series-title":"Combination of Constructed Wetland and Extensive Green Roof that Uses Growing Media with Added Recycled Materials [master's Thesis]","author":"Petreje","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.117151","article-title":"Performance study of an innovative concept of hybrid constructed wetland-extensive green roof with growing media amended with recycled materials","volume":"331","author":"Petreje","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-024-00409-z","article-title":"Quantifying the benefits of incorporating biochar in green roof substrates: field study on the highrise rooftop in temperate climate setting","volume":"7","author":"Petreje","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib91","series-title":"Organic Matter, Humus, Humate, Humic Acid, Fulvic Acid and Humin: Their Importance in Soil Fertility and Plant Health","author":"Pettit","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138898","article-title":"Application of stabilized sludge to extensive green roofs in shanghai: feasibility and nitrogen leaching control","volume":"732","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib93","article-title":"Effect of biochars derived from plant and animal manure on heavy metal immobilization in sewage sludge during composting","volume":"41","author":"Quan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innovat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-019-00679-w","article-title":"Biochar \u2013 recovery material from microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge: A review","volume":"11","author":"Ra\u010dek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waste Biomass Valori."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.9734\/ijecc\/2023\/v13i123750","article-title":"Assessment and comparison of soil quality using principal components analysis (PCA) & expert opinion (EO) methods in different rice-based cropping systems in alfisol","volume":"13","author":"Rajput","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2015.11.004","article-title":"Plant establishment on a green roof under extreme hot and dry conditions: the importance of leaf succulence in plant selection","volume":"15","author":"Rayner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/SS.0b013e3182564202","article-title":"Influence of poultry litter biochar on soil properties and plant growth","volume":"177","author":"Revell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-34593-7_71","article-title":"Influence of biochar amendment on runoff retention and vegetation cover for extensive green roofs","author":"Saade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12010209","article-title":"Greenhouse assays with Lactuca sativa for testing sewage sludge-based soil amendments","volume":"12","author":"Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib101","first-page":"1","article-title":"Climate change and land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems","author":"Shukla","year":"2019","journal-title":"IPCC"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-022-00138-1","article-title":"Biochar applications influence soil physical and chemical properties, microbial diversity, and crop productivity: a meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-020-02778-x","article-title":"Water and thermal regime of extensive green roof test beds planted with sedum cuttings and sedum carpets","volume":"21","author":"Sn\u011bhota","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10050625","article-title":"The effect of climate change on controlled drainage effectiveness in the context of groundwater dynamics, surface, and drainage outflows. central-western Poland case study","volume":"10","author":"Sojka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib105","series-title":"Evaluation of Roof Substrates and their Classification in the System of Standard Substrates Defined in Decree No. 131\/2014 Coll (1\/2014-053)","author":"\u0160r\u00e1mek","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib106","article-title":"Climate change impact on flood and extreme precipitation increases with water availability","volume":"10","author":"Tabari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-021-00115-0","article-title":"Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.41258","article-title":"Evaluation of nutrient concentrations in runoff water from green roofs, conventional roofs, and urban streams","volume":"55","author":"Toland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trans. ASABE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-020-09523-3","article-title":"Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects","volume":"19","author":"Tomczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crope.2022.08.001","article-title":"Carbon to nitrogen ratio and quantity of organic amendment interactively affect crop growth and soil mineral N retention","volume":"1","author":"van der Sloot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crop and Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib111","article-title":"Sewage sludge biochar as a sustainable and water-safe substrate additive for extensive green roofs","volume":"39","author":"Vavrincov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2004.11.008","article-title":"Response of a Sedum green-roof to individual rain events","volume":"25","author":"Villarreal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2018.01.005","article-title":"Water reuse from a circular economy perspective and potential risks from an unregulated approach","volume":"2","author":"Voulvoulis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111261","article-title":"Analysis of the long-term effectiveness of biochar immobilization remediation on heavy metal contaminated soil and the potential environmental factors weakening the remediation effect: a review","volume":"207","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.70161","article-title":"Field evaluation of wood biochar for promoted growth and carbon assimilation of scp iCyclobalanopsis edithiae\/i\/scp in Quarry site","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126468","article-title":"Effects of biochar derived from sewage sludge and sewage sludge\/cotton stalks on the immobilization and phytoavailability of Pb, Cu, and Zn in sandy loam soil","volume":"419","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2008.02.008","article-title":"Water uptake in green roof microcosms: effects of plant species and water availability","volume":"33","author":"Wolf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib118","article-title":"The critical role of biochar to mitigate the adverse impacts of drought and salinity stress in plants","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123381","article-title":"Effects of pretreatments on physical and chemical characteristics of wheat straw used as a maintenance-free compressed green roof substrate material","volume":"277","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-022-01499-6","article-title":"Circular economy strategies for combating climate change and other environmental issues","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2022.108657","article-title":"Biochar stability and impact on soil organic carbon mineralization depend on biochar processing, aging and soil clay content","volume":"169","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib120","article-title":"Assessment of the responses of soil pore properties to combined soil structure amendments using X-ray computed tomography","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.01.096","article-title":"Efficiency of sewage sludge biochar in improving urban soil properties and promoting grass growth","volume":"173","author":"Yue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib124","series-title":"Unified Techniques","article-title":"Analysis of soils I","author":"Zb\u00edral","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(15)60041-8","article-title":"Biochar effect on water evaporation and hydraulic conductivity in sandy soil","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115503","article-title":"New insights into the effect of sludge proteins on the hydrophilic\/hydrophobic properties that improve sludge dewaterability during anaerobic digestion","volume":"173","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.12.231","article-title":"Influence of plant composition and water use strategies on green roof stormwater retention","volume":"625","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.04.053","article-title":"Endogenous minerals have influences on surface electrochemistry and ion exchange properties of biochar","volume":"136","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.48.4.448","article-title":"Optimal growing substrate pH for five sedum species","volume":"48","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hortscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EM00057D","article-title":"Effects of aging and weathering on immobilization of trace metals\/metalloids in soils amended with biochar","volume":"22","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1080\/01904167.2019.1617310","article-title":"Challenges in organic component selection and biochar as an opportunity in potting substrates: a review","volume":"42","author":"Zulfiqar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479726024539?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479726024539?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:45:57Z","timestamp":1790822757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301479726024539"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":131,"alternative-id":["S0301479726024539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of sewage sludge and biochar amendments on green roof substrate properties and Sedum growth","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.130993","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"130993"}}