{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:50:42Z","timestamp":1791960642039,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014586","name":"USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-JV-11221636-080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-JV-11221636-080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:11:53Z","timestamp":1790935913000},"page":"131077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Enhancing post-wildfire soil recovery in northern Arizona using biochar from waste forest biomass"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"418","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4020-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dipita","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2161-4533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Sup","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah S.","family":"Page-Dumroese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2014.06.030","article-title":"Biochar from woody biomass for removing metal contaminants and carbon sequestration","volume":"22","author":"Abdel-Fattah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib1","article-title":"Pyrogenic carbon erosion after the rim fire, Yosemite National park","volume":"124","author":"Abney","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-024-00323-4","article-title":"Biochar impacts on soil water dynamics: knowns, unknowns, and research directions","volume":"6","author":"Acharya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoil.2026.1740397","article-title":"Biochar raises soil health and reduces greenhouse gas emissions in arid lands","volume":"6","author":"Al-Ismaily","year":"2026","journal-title":"Frontiers in Soil Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib4","article-title":"Variations in composition and stability of biochars derived from different feedstock types at varying pyrolysis temperature","volume":"21","author":"Almutairi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1990.03615995005400040018x","article-title":"Unbuffered and buffered salt methods for exchangeable cations and effective cation-exchange capacity","volume":"54","author":"Amacher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib6","series-title":"Ponderosa Pine Responses to Biochar, Fertilizer, or Mastication on the Bitterroot National Forest, USA [master's Thesis, University of Montana]","author":"Anderson","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib7","series-title":"Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Wood Charcoal","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib9","article-title":"Indirect effects of soil amendments on plant traits and the microbiome in post-wildfire forest recovery","volume":"594","author":"Barnard","year":"2025","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib10","article-title":"How interactions between wildfire and seasonal soil moisture fluxes drive nitrogen cycling in northern sierra Nevada forests","volume":"31","author":"Brady","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.10378","article-title":"Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and gasification systems","volume":"28","author":"Brewer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental progress &amp; sustainable energy: an Official Publication of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.189","article-title":"Unexplored potential of novel biochar-ash composites for use as organo-mineral fertilizers","volume":"208","author":"Buss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib12","article-title":"USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station","volume":"vol. 191","author":"Campbell","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.114403","article-title":"Biochar increases soil carbon pools: evidence from a global meta-analysis","volume":"305","author":"Chagas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib14","first-page":"183","article-title":"The effect of a prescribed burn in Southwestern ponderosa pine on organic matter and nutrients in woody debris and forest floor","volume":"30","author":"Covington","year":"1984","journal-title":"For. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib15","series-title":"Fire Effects on Soils and Restoration Strategies. Enfield (NH)","first-page":"197","article-title":"Soil water repellency: a key factor in post-fire erosion","author":"Doerr","year":"2009"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2012WR012362","article-title":"Wildfire impacts on soil\u2010water retention in the Colorado Front Range, United States","volume":"48","author":"Ebel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.03.022","article-title":"Characterization of biochars to evaluate recalcitrance and agronomic performance","volume":"114","author":"Enders","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2020.107868","article-title":"Biochar alters nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in a western rangeland ecosystem","volume":"148","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.111097","article-title":"Can biochar reclaim coal mine spoil?","volume":"272","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/saj2.20793","article-title":"Role of biochar made from low\u2010value woody forest residues in ecological sustainability and carbon neutrality","volume":"89","author":"Ghosh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.5724","article-title":"Inundation and flow properties of a runoff\u2010generated debris flow following successive high\u2010severity wildfires in northern Arizona, USA","volume":"49","author":"Gorr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfr-2025-0276","article-title":"Biochar in growing media influences ponderosa pine seedling growth and morphological traits","volume":"56","author":"Griego","year":"2026","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11122474","article-title":"Soil organic carbon sequestration after biochar application: a global meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Gross","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib23","article-title":"Biochar effects on NTFP-enriched secondary forest growth and soil properties in amazonian Ecuador","volume":"350","author":"Guayasam\u00edn","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib24","series-title":"GHG Life Cycle Assessment of Charboss\u00ae Biochar Production and Potential Use for CDR Certificate Generation","author":"Johannesson","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.15414\/afz.2018.21.01.11-19","article-title":"Effect of biochar on soil structure\u2013review","volume":"21","author":"Juriga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib25","article-title":"Long-term soil nutrient and understory plant responses to post-fire rehabilitation in a lodgepole pine forest","volume":"575","author":"Kaiser","year":"2025","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1021\/es9031419","article-title":"Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar)","volume":"44","author":"Keiluweit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib27","series-title":"Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods","first-page":"869","article-title":"Phosphorus","author":"Kuo","year":"1996"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.3390\/w12072012","article-title":"Reduction of nutrient leaching potential in coarse-textured soil by using biochar","volume":"12","author":"Kuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"5677","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097396","article-title":"Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security","volume":"304","author":"Lal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.5338\/KJEA.2021.40.3.26","article-title":"Soil carbon storage in upland soils by biochar application in east Asia","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248100","article-title":"Co-application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer reduced nitrogen losses from soil","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib32","article-title":"The mechanistic role of wildfire ash in regulating post-fire nitrogen transformation","volume":"252","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Catena"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-025-00432-8","article-title":"The key role of biochar in amending acidic soil: reducing soil acidity and improving soil acid buffering capacity","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.201400058","article-title":"Biochar application to soil for climate change mitigation by soil organic carbon sequestration","volume":"177","author":"Lorenz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.115766","article-title":"Effects of different amendments on the quality of burnt eucalypt forest soils\u2013A strategy for ecosystem rehabilitation","volume":"320","author":"Machado","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib36","article-title":"Soil and plant cations as affected by application of wood ash, biochar, and papermill biosolids","volume":"116","author":"Manirakiza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib37","article-title":"Effects of nurse shrubs and biochar on planted conifer seedling survival and growth in a high-severity burn patch in New Mexico, USA","volume":"537","author":"Marsh","year":"2023","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib38","article-title":"Almond and walnut shell-derived biochars affect sorption-desorption, fractionation, and release of phosphorus in two different soils","volume":"241","author":"Matin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.5194\/se-5-693-2014","article-title":"Physicochemical changes in pyrogenic organic matter (biochar) after 15 months of field aging","volume":"5","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Solid Earth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.121022","article-title":"Potential of cotton sticks-derived biochar to alleviate aluminium toxicity in cotton","volume":"229","author":"Murtaza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib42","article-title":"Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on soils and water","volume":"vol. 4","author":"Neary","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2015.06.001","article-title":"Post-fire ponderosa pine regeneration with and without planting in Arizona and New Mexico","volume":"354","author":"Ouzts","year":"2015","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib44","article-title":"Persistent effects of fire severity on ponderosa pine regeneration niches and seedling growth","volume":"477","author":"Owen","year":"2020","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2024.107364","article-title":"FireBox and CharBoss: an alternative to open burning of woody biomass","volume":"190","author":"Oyier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316337974.016","article-title":"Opportunities and uses of biochar on forest sites in North America","volume":"15","author":"Page-Dumroese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib47","article-title":"Author spotlight: advancing place-based biochar production for ecosystem restoration and soil health","volume":"206","author":"Page-Dumroese","year":"2024","journal-title":"JoVE J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-024-01151-1","article-title":"Unearthing the legacy of wildfires: post fire pyrogenic carbon and soil carbon persistence across complex Pacific Northwest watersheds","author":"Peter-Contesse","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1071\/WF18193","article-title":"Soil carbon and nitrogen eroded after severe wildfire and erosion mitigation treatments","volume":"28","author":"Pierson","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Wildland Fire"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.12676","article-title":"Effects of biochar on the dynamics of aggregate stability in clay and sandy loam soils","volume":"69","author":"Pituello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143219","article-title":"Can straw-biochar mulching mitigate erosion of wildfire-degraded soils under extreme rainfall?","volume":"761","author":"Prats","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib51","series-title":"Evaluating Soil Productivity and Climate Change Benefits of Woody Biochar Soil Amendments for the US Interior West","author":"Ramlow","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib52","article-title":"Examining the potential of Forest residue\u2010based amendments for post\u2010wildfire rehabilitation in Colorado, USA","volume":"2017","author":"Rhoades","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Tech. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.3072","article-title":"Restoration treatments enhance tree growth and alter climatic constraints during extreme drought","volume":"35","author":"Rodman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.13396","article-title":"The importance of biochar quality and pyrolysis yield for soil carbon sequestration in practice","volume":"74","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/saj2.70257","article-title":"Soil properties in log landings amended with subsoiling and biochar","volume":"90","author":"Rumpf","year":"2026","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-024-01343-5","article-title":"Millennial-aged pyrogenic carbon in high-latitude mineral soils","author":"Schiedung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/en14041092","article-title":"Comparative investigation of yield and quality of bio-oil and biochar from pyrolysis of woody and non-woody biomasses","volume":"14","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1351\/pac198557040603","article-title":"Reporting physisorption data for gas\/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (recommendations 1984)","volume":"57","author":"Sing","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib57","series-title":"Soil Analysis Handbook of Reference Methods","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72361-8","article-title":"Fire enhances changes in phosphorus (P) dynamics determining potential post-fire soil recovery in mediterranean woodlands","volume":"14","author":"Souza-Alonso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.2136\/sssabookser5.3.c40","article-title":"Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients","volume":"5","author":"Sumner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Methods of soil analysis: Part 3 Chemical methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1002\/saj2.20746","article-title":"Biochar impacts on soil moisture retention and respiration in a coarse\u2010textured soil under dry conditions","volume":"88","author":"Thao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib61","volume":"523","author":"Therneau","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.2136\/sssabookser5.3.c16","article-title":"Soil pH and soil acidity","volume":"5","author":"Thomas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Methods of soil analysis: part 3 chemical methods"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1515\/pac-2014-1117","article-title":"Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC technical report)","volume":"87","author":"Thommes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.2307\/3001938","article-title":"One degree of freedom for non-additivity","volume":"5","author":"Tukey","year":"1949","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2017.05.027","article-title":"Biochar additions can enhance soil structure and the physical stabilization of C in aggregates","volume":"303","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib68","series-title":"Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-439","first-page":"439","article-title":"Mobile biochar production by flame carbonization: reducing wildfire risk and improving forest resilience","author":"Wilson","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib69","article-title":"Extent of recent fire-induced losses of ponderosa pine forests of Arizona and New Mexico, USA","volume":"520","author":"Woolman","year":"2022","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/gcbb.12898","article-title":"Effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation, microbial functional genes, enzyme activity, and plant nitrogen uptake: a meta-analysis of field studies","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"GCB Bioenergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3390\/en16010410","article-title":"Biochar acts as an emerging soil amendment and its potential ecological risks: a review","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.3807","article-title":"Fire decreases soil enzyme activities and reorganizes microbially-mediated nutrient cycles: a meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479726025375?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479726025375?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:41:09Z","timestamp":1791960069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301479726025375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S0301479726025375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Enhancing post-wildfire soil recovery in northern Arizona using biochar from waste forest biomass","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131077","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"131077"}}