{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:52:42Z","timestamp":1791665562135,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD2200404-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD2200404-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017287","name":"Special Funds for the Basic Research and Development Program in the Central Non-profit Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAFYBB2021QD002-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAFYBB2021QD002-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017287","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:07:43Z","timestamp":1791389263000},"page":"131086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Microbial activity mediates the contrasting effects of biochar combined with nitrogen or phosphorus on soil respiration and easily oxidizable organic carbon across soil depths in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"419","author":[{"given":"Xupeng","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhirong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaogai","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jilai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benzhi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123097","article-title":"Biochar affects soil properties over 1 m depth in an alkaline soil of North China Plain","volume":"370","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2010.10.014","article-title":"Reconciling apparent variability in effects of biochar amendment on soil enzyme activities by assay optimization","volume":"43","author":"Bailey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-024-00381-8","article-title":"Biochar's effect on the soil carbon cycle: a rapid review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Bekchanova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9951459","article-title":"Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation, and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems","volume":"46","author":"Blair","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aust. J. Agric. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s11769-021-1232-6","article-title":"Effects of biochar application on soil organic carbon in degraded saline-sodic wetlands of Songnen Plain, Northeast China","volume":"31","author":"Che","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Geogr. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13723","article-title":"Soil carbon persistence governed by plant input and mineral protection at regional and global scales","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2022.108619","article-title":"Resistant soil carbon is more vulnerable to priming effect than active soil carbon","volume":"168","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2020.114919","article-title":"Biochar engineering and ageing influence the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil pH in the charosphere","volume":"386","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2016.04.019","article-title":"Nitrogen mineralization as a result of phosphorus supplementation in long-term phosphate deficient soil","volume":"106","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126255","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide-aged biochar mitigating greenhouse gas emissions during co-composting of swine manure with rice bran","volume":"374","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140682","article-title":"Effects of field-aging on the impact of biochar on herbicide fate and microbial community structure in the soil environment","volume":"348","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2024.106051","article-title":"Responses of SOC, labile SOC fractions, and amino sugars to different organic amendments in a coastal saline-alkali soil","volume":"239","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2014.05.020","article-title":"Effect of biochar on carbon fractions and enzyme activity of red soil","volume":"121","author":"Demisie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Catena"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-023-00226-w","article-title":"Biochar application significantly increases soil organic carbon under conservation tillage: an 11-year field experiment","volume":"5","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/SS.0000000000000050","article-title":"Consecutive biochar application alters soil enzyme activities in the winter wheat-growing season","volume":"179","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2011.03.002","article-title":"Factors controlling dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and DOC\/DON ratio in arable soils based on a dataset from Hungary","volume":"162","author":"Filep","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2012.02.020","article-title":"Temporal stability of soil water storage in diverse soil layers","volume":"95","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170497","article-title":"Microbial mechanisms regulate soil organic carbon mineralization under carbon with varying levels of nitrogen addition in the above-treeline ecosystem","volume":"917","author":"Gaudel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139003","article-title":"Combined application of biochar and N increased temperature sensitivity of soil respiration but still decreased the soil CO2 emissions in moso bamboo plantations","volume":"730","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156351","article-title":"Drought changes litter quantity and quality, and soil microbial activities to affect soil nutrients in moso bamboo forest","volume":"838","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-199610000-00005","article-title":"Transformation of plant residues into soil organic matter: chemical characterization of plant tissue, isolated soil fractions, and whole soils","volume":"161","author":"Gregorich","year":"1996","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2019.114162","article-title":"Pyrolysis temperature of biochar affects ecoenzymatic stoichiometry and microbial nutrient-use efficiency in a bamboo forest soil","volume":"363","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.115074","article-title":"Overlooked impacts of manganese oxides in biochar sustainable stability: coupled redox performance and aging mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2023.108602","article-title":"Coupling effects of phosphate fertilizer type and drip fertigation strategy on soil nutrient distribution, maize yield and nutrient uptake","volume":"290","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-73621-3","article-title":"Pipe experiment elucidates biochar application depth affects nitrogen leaching under crop present condition","volume":"14","author":"Hamada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib26","first-page":"329","article-title":"Ecological niche and interspecific association of dominant tree species ina Machilus and Phoebe forest in Jiande, Zhejiang Province","volume":"42","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Zhejiang A&F University"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111524","article-title":"Biochar for ameliorating soil fertility and microbial diversity: from production to action of the black gold","volume":"28","author":"Ighalo","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2025.106136","article-title":"SOC sequestration, N and P retention in mineral soils depend on arbuscular mycorrhizal tree dominance and soil microbial traits","volume":"211","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54832-8","article-title":"Important role of Fe oxides in global soil carbon stabilization and stocks","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2025.109582","article-title":"Nutrient additions have minor impact on microbial carbon use efficiency","volume":"385","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2025.117318","article-title":"Long-term effects of biochar on the hydraulic properties of soil: a meta-analysis based on 1-10 years field experiments","volume":"458","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su142315855","article-title":"Elevation-dependent fluctuations of the soil properties in a subtropical forest of Central China","volume":"14","author":"Ju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-020-01534-0","article-title":"Effects of two wood-based biochars on the fate of added fertilizer nitrogen-a 15N tracing study","volume":"57","author":"Kalu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2018.07.023","article-title":"Cellular and non-cellular mineralization of organic carbon in soils with contrasted physicochemical properties","volume":"125","author":"K\u00e9raval","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139123","article-title":"Mechanistic understanding of copper (Cu) mobility in aged biochar: influence of dissolved organic matters release and oxygen-containing groups","volume":"495","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib36","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling","author":"Kline","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2024.106007","article-title":"Including soil depth as a predictor variable increases prediction accuracy of SOC stocks","volume":"238","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2021.115499","article-title":"Localized plant-soil-microbe interactions regulate spatial variations of soil oxidase activities within afforested systems in a subtropical area","volume":"406","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2019.104437","article-title":"Interactions between biochar and nitrogen impact soil carbon mineralization and the microbial community","volume":"196","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2024.106267","article-title":"Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration to elevated temperature and nitrogen availability","volume":"244","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2024.109408","article-title":"A global synthesis on the rational management practices for enhancing phosphorus use efficiency in agricultural systems","volume":"381","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126083","article-title":"Study on mechanism of biochar improving acid Soil: multi-scale experiment and numerical simulation","volume":"389","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib43","series-title":"Soil Analytical Methods of Agronomic Chemical","author":"Lu","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib44","article-title":"Aging alters the physicochemical properties of biochar, enhances its adsorption performance for tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, and changes the adsorption mechanism","volume":"37","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innovat."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-015-1035-y","article-title":"Forest conversion stimulated deep soil C losses and decreased C recalcitrance through priming effect in subtropical China","volume":"51","author":"Lv","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.17221\/276\/2020-PSE","article-title":"Adsorption and leaching characteristics of ammonium and nitrate from paddy soil as affected by biochar amendment","volume":"67","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Soil Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2020.103821","article-title":"Alterations of soil labile organic carbon fractions and biological properties under different residue-management methods with equivalent carbon input","volume":"161","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crsust.2023.100214","article-title":"Biochar improves soil organic carbon stability by shaping the microbial community structures at different soil depths four years after an incorporation in a farmland soil","volume":"5","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Environ. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2009.02.011","article-title":"Temperature sensitivity of respiration differs among forest floor layers in a Pinus resinosa plantation","volume":"41","author":"Malcolm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.133938","article-title":"Respective evolution of soil and biochar on competitive adsorption mechanisms for Cd(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) after 2-year natural ageing","volume":"469","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-014-1019-9","article-title":"Evaluation of methods for quantifying organic carbon in mangrove soils from semi-arid region","volume":"15","author":"N\u00f3brega","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.03.018","article-title":"Competitive adsorption of phosphate and phosphonates onto goethite","volume":"40","author":"Nowack","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2018.07.002","article-title":"Root litter decomposition slows with soil depth","volume":"125","author":"Pries","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2010.08.032","article-title":"Nitrogen fertilization inhibits soil microbial respiration regardless of the form of nitrogen applied","volume":"42","author":"Ramirez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2008.10.028","article-title":"Ammonia volatilization following surface application of urea to tilled and no-till soils: a laboratory comparison","volume":"103","author":"Rochette","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-020-00049-z","article-title":"Biochar as adsorbent in purification of clear-cut forest runoff water: adsorption rate and adsorption capacity","volume":"2","author":"Saarela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(02)00074-3","article-title":"The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an Acer saccharum forest soil","volume":"34","author":"Saiya-Cork","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2024.105551","article-title":"Regulation of surface and sub-surface soil organic carbon sequestration in water-limited landscapes with integration of circular perennial grass buffer strips","volume":"202","author":"Sapkota","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"issue":"7367","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10386","article-title":"Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property","volume":"478","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-018-03912-y","article-title":"Soil N\/P and C\/P ratio regulate the responses of soil microbial community composition and enzyme activities in a long-term nitrogen loaded Chinese fir forest","volume":"436","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2005.01.004","article-title":"Enhancing plant phosphorus use efficiency for sustainable cropping","volume":"23","author":"Shenoy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2009.10.014","article-title":"Phenol oxidase, peroxidase and organic matter dynamics of soil","volume":"42","author":"Sinsabaugh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2014.04.017","article-title":"Changes in extracellular enzyme activity and microbial community structure with soil depth at the Luquillo critical zone observatory","volume":"75","author":"Stone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2006.01.003","article-title":"Distribution of light and heavy fractions of soil organic carbon as related to land use and tillage practice","volume":"92","author":"Tan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1967.00021962005900030010x","article-title":"Comparison of conventional and automated procedures for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium analysis of plant material using a single digestion","volume":"59","author":"Thomas","year":"1967","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2019.117859","article-title":"Predicting phosphorus use efficiency and allocation in eucalypt plantations","volume":"460","author":"Valadares","year":"2020","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(87)90052-6","article-title":"An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C","volume":"19","author":"Vance","year":"1987","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2025.109875","article-title":"Rhizosphere \u2013 detritusphere interactions stabilize soil carbon depending on plant litter traits","volume":"209","author":"Wan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrae073","article-title":"Mechanisms and implications of bacterial-fungal competition for soil resources","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2023.116743","article-title":"Appropriate fertilization increases carbon and nitrogen sequestration and economic benefit for straw-incorporated upland farming","volume":"441","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118082","article-title":"Effect of freeze-thaw cycle aging on biochar application in DEHP contaminated Mollisols: insights from soil properties and microbial community","volume":"294","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2021EF002479","article-title":"Phosphorus supply increases nitrogen transformation rates and retention in soil: a global meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Earths Future"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1965.03615995002900060025x","article-title":"Test of an ascorbic acid method for determining phosphorus in water and NaHCO3 extracts from soil","volume":"29","author":"Watanabe","year":"1965","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2023.104959","article-title":"A short period of revegetation and fertilization increased the nutrients, enzyme activities, and bacterial community diversity in backfill soils","volume":"189","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-019-00002-9","article-title":"A scientometric review of biochar research in the past 20 years (1998-2018)","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29051005","article-title":"Efficient adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater by biochar","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2025.106732","article-title":"Interaction between biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improves nitrogen utilization efficiency, closely connected with rhizosphere microbes involved in nitrogen-cycling","volume":"254","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173158","article-title":"Phosphorus addition enhances heterotrophic respiration but reduces root respiration in a subtropical plantation forest","volume":"934","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12203649","article-title":"Biochar decreases fertilizer leaching and promotes miscanthus growth in saline-alkaline soil","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants-Basel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167275","article-title":"Trade-offs between ligninase and cellulase and their effects on soil organic carbon in abandoned Moso bamboo forests in southeast China","volume":"905","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fecs.2024.100241","article-title":"Effects of phosphorus resorption on bioactive phosphorus of different-aged Pinus massoniana plantations","volume":"11","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Forest Ecosyst."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jia.2023.05.011","article-title":"Can soil organic carbon sequestration and the carbon management index be improved by changing the film mulching methods in the semiarid region?","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2019.1699381","article-title":"Surface and colloid properties of biochar and implications for transport in porous media","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2022.108657","article-title":"Biochar stability and impact on soil organic carbon mineralization depend on biochar processing, aging and soil clay content","volume":"169","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156333","article-title":"Changes in soil properties and CO2 emissions after biochar addition: role of pyrolysis temperature and aging","volume":"839","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.1023277","article-title":"Influencing factors and environmental effects of interactions between goethite and organic matter: a critical review","volume":"10","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2021.105192","article-title":"A deeper look at crop residue and soil warming impact on the soil C pools","volume":"215","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-025-00458-y","article-title":"Microbial nutrient limitation and carbon use efficiency in saline-alkali soil amended with biochar: insights from ecoenzymatic C:N:P stoichiometry","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2024.109685","article-title":"Biochar strategy for long-term N2O emission reduction: insights into soil physical structure and microbial interaction","volume":"202","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib89","article-title":"Mixing with native broadleaf trees modified soil microbial communities of Cunninghamia lanceolata monocultures in South China","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2019.117635","article-title":"Biochar addition to forest plantation soil enhances phosphorus availability and soil bacterial community diversity","volume":"455","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2024.109689","article-title":"Nitrogen input alleviates the priming effects of biochar addition on soil organic carbon decomposition","volume":"202","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.06.075","article-title":"Microbial functional diversity responses to 2 years since biochar application in silt-loam soils on the Loess Plateau","volume":"144","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479726025466?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301479726025466?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:43:40Z","timestamp":1791665020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301479726025466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["S0301479726025466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Microbial activity mediates the contrasting effects of biochar combined with nitrogen or phosphorus on soil respiration and easily oxidizable organic carbon across soil depths in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2026.131086","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"131086"}}