{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T11:13:51Z","timestamp":1773659631491,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Radioactivity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,14]],"date-time":"2008-12-14T09:27:06Z","timestamp":1229246826000},"page":"157-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Radionuclides in cigarettes may lead to carcinogenesis via p16INK4a inactivation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Robyn L.","family":"Prueitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie E.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Valberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.21S","article-title":"Epidemiology of lung cancer","volume":"123","author":"Alberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl1075","article-title":"The p16INK4a tumor suppressor controls p21WAF1 induction in response to ultraviolet light","volume":"35","author":"Al-Mohanna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910630304","article-title":"Lung carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma in patients exposed to Thorotrast: incidence, histology and p53 status","volume":"63","author":"Andersson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.3.1366","article-title":"Frequent aberrant methylation of p16INK4a in primary rat lung tumors","volume":"17","author":"Baylin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh096","article-title":"Plutonium targets the p16 gene for inactivation by promoter hypermethylation in human lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Belinsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11891","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.20.11891","article-title":"Aberrant methylation of p16INK4a is an early event in lung cancer and a potential biomarker for early diagnosis","volume":"95","author":"Belinsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib7","first-page":"2370","article-title":"Aberrant promoter methylation in bronchial epithelium and sputum from current and former smokers","volume":"62","author":"Belinsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgi020","article-title":"Silencing of genes by promoter hypermethylation: key event in rodent and human lung cancer","volume":"26","author":"Belinsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib9","series-title":"The Health Consequences of Smoking: a Report of the Surgeon General","author":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC)","year":"2004"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205310","article-title":"Molecular follow-up of preneoplastic lesions in bronchial epithelium of former Chernobyl clean-up workers","volume":"21","author":"Chizhikov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.2307\/3575269","article-title":"Alpha radioactivity in cigarette smoke","volume":"83","author":"Cohen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2307\/3575029","article-title":"Distribution of polonium-210 in the human lung","volume":"79","author":"Cohen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HP.0000236597.72973.3c","article-title":"210Po and 210Pb inhalation by cigarette smoking in Italy","volume":"92","author":"Desideri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/4592662","article-title":"Polonium 210 in tobacco, cigarette smoke, and selected human organs","volume":"81","author":"Ferri","year":"1966","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02987171","article-title":"Cancer risks after medical radiation","volume":"8","author":"Hall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med. Oncol. Tumor Pharmacother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64860-2","article-title":"Specific allelic loss of p16 INK4A tumor suppressor gene after weeks of iron-mediated oxidative damage during rat renal carcinogenesis","volume":"160","author":"Hiroyasu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"3741","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1126\/science.153.3741.1259","article-title":"Lead-210 and polonium-210 in tissues of cigarette smokers","volume":"153","author":"Holtzman","year":"1966","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb05963.x","article-title":"Epigenetics: the role of methylation in the mechanism of action of tumor suppressor genes","volume":"983","author":"Jain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"5157","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8153634","article-title":"A cell cycle regulator potentially involved in genesis of many tumor types","volume":"264","author":"Kamb","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980619)79:3<215::AID-IJC1>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Correlation between methylation status of the p16\/CDKN2 gene and the expression of p16 and Rb proteins in primary non-small cell lung cancers","volume":"79","author":"Kashiwabara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"4189","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124396","article-title":"Lung cancer induced in hamsters by low doses of alpha radiation from polonium-210","volume":"188","author":"Little","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib22","first-page":"1929","article-title":"Interactions between polonium-210 \u03b1-radiation, benzo(a)pyrene, and 0.9% NaCl solution instillations in the induction of experimental lung cancer","volume":"38","author":"Little","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196512162732501","article-title":"Distribution of polonium-210 in pulmonary tissues of cigarette smokers","volume":"273","author":"Little","year":"1965","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198602000-00004","article-title":"Lung cancer: is the increasing incidence due to radioactive polonium in cigarettes?","volume":"79","author":"Marmorstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"South. Med. J."},{"issue":"454","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/249215a0","article-title":"Radioactivity of tobacco trichomes and insoluble cigarette smoke particles","volume":"249","author":"Martell","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib26","first-page":"404","article-title":"Tobacco radioactivity and cancer in smokers","volume":"63","author":"Martell","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.5.1285","article-title":"\u03b1-Radiation dose at bronchial bifurcations of smokers from indoor exposure to radon progeny","volume":"80","author":"Martell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib28","series-title":"Evaluation of the Linear-Nonthreshold Dose\u2013Response Model for Ionizing Radiation","author":"National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib29","series-title":"Ionizing Radiation Exposure of the Population of the United States","author":"National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)","year":"1987"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib30","first-page":"5954","article-title":"Predicting lung cancer by detecting aberrant promoter methylation in sputum","volume":"60","author":"Palmisano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"1603","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1126\/science.143.3603.247","article-title":"Polonium-210: a volatile radioelement in cigarettes","volume":"143","author":"Radford","year":"1964","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib32","series-title":"RERF Glossary","author":"Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF)","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib33","first-page":"F115","article-title":"The p16INK4a\/CDKN2A tumor suppressor and its relatives","volume":"1378","author":"Ruas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-197504000-00008","article-title":"Dose distribution and neoplasia in the lung following intratracheal installation of 239PuO2 and asbestos","volume":"28","author":"Sanders","year":"1975","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2005.06.004","article-title":"Concentration levels of 210Pb and 210Po in dry tobacco leaves in Greece","volume":"82","author":"Savidou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4059","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V93.12.4059","article-title":"DNA methylation","volume":"93","author":"Singal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.3.1366","article-title":"Frequent aberrant methylation of p16INK4a in primary rat lung tumors","volume":"17","author":"Swafford","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.2307\/3578892","article-title":"Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part II: solid tumors, 1958\u20131987","volume":"137","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-199509000-00007","article-title":"The influence of radiation and nonradiation factors on the lung cancer incidence among the workers of the nuclear enterprise Mayak","volume":"69","author":"Tokarskaya","year":"1995","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"issue":"3738","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1126\/science.153.3738.880","article-title":"Source of lead-210 and polonium-210 in tobacco","volume":"153","author":"Tso","year":"1966","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib41","series-title":"Radiation in Tobacco","author":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.84.6.653","article-title":"Radioactivity and lung cancer in active and passive smokers","volume":"84","author":"Winters","year":"1983","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.2307\/3572342","article-title":"Lung cancer following polonium-210 inhalation in rats","volume":"31","author":"Yuile","year":"1967","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Radioactivity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0265931X08002038?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0265931X08002038?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T19:53:19Z","timestamp":1632772399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0265931X08002038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0265931X08002038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.11.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0265-931X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0265-931X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}}}