{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:50:52Z","timestamp":1790675452537,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Radioactivity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,2]],"date-time":"2012-08-02T04:15:57Z","timestamp":1343880957000},"page":"34-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Update and improvement of the global krypton-85 emission inventory"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Jochen","family":"Ahlswede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Hebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Ole","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Schoetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin B.","family":"Kalinowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib1","series-title":"The North Korean Plutonium Stock","author":"Albright","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib3","series-title":"Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium 1996-World Inventories, Capabilities and Policies","author":"Albright","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib4","unstructured":"AREVA, 2005. App\u00e9ciation par le GRNC de l\u2019estimation des doses pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans le rapport annuel de surveillance de l\u00e9nvironnement d\u2019AREVA-NC, La Hague."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib5","series-title":"Cumulative Release Results Report","author":"AREVA","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib6","series-title":"Rapport annuel de surveillance de l'evironnement ann\u00e9e 2005","author":"ARVEA","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib7","series-title":"Discharges and Monitoring of the Environment in the UK","author":"British Nuclear Fuels PLC","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib8","unstructured":"Citizen\u2019s Nuclear Information Center (CNIC). Available from: http:\/\/cnic.jp\/english\/, (accessed 05.05.11)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib9","series-title":"Final Report for the STOA Study Project on Possible Toxic Effects from the Nuclear Reprocessing Plants at Sellafield (UK) and Cap de la Hague (France)","author":"Coeytaux","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1029\/94WR02232","article-title":"Transport of atmospheric trace gases to the water table: implications fog groundwated dating with chlorofluorocarbons and krypton-85","volume":"31","author":"Cook","year":"1995","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib11","series-title":"The Linear Reactivity Model for Nuclear Fuel Management","author":"Driscoll","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib12","series-title":"Transboundary Particulate Matter in Europe Status Report 2010","author":"EMEP Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.12.049","article-title":"Atmospheric emissions from the Windscale accident of October 1957","volume":"41","author":"Garland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib14","series-title":"Global Emission Inventory Activity","author":"GEIA","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib15","series-title":"Warships of the World 2005\/2007","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib16","unstructured":"Grosch, M., 2008. Complications of the Medical Radioisotope Production for the Non-proliferation Regime. A Master\u2019s thesis, University of Hamburg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib17","article-title":"PREFRE plant used sparingly, BARC reprocessing director says","volume":"17","author":"Hibbs","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nuclear Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib18","unstructured":"Hirota, M., 2004. Personal communication To Martin B. Kalinowski, 08\/06\/2004."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib19","series-title":"Summary Report on the Post-accident Review Meeting on the Chernobyl Accident","author":"International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib20","series-title":"Communication Received from the Russian Federation Concerning its Policies Regarding the Management of Plutonium","author":"International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib22","series-title":"Power Reactor Information System","author":"International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib23","series-title":"Global Fissile Material Report 2009","author":"International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM)","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib24","series-title":"Global Fissile Material Report 2010","author":"International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM)","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib25","series-title":"ISIS Estimates of Unirradiated Fissile Material in De Facto Nuclear Weapon States, Produced in Nuclear Weapon Programs (April 1, 2004, Revised June 30, 2005)","author":"Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS)","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kr-85 anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere","volume":"6","author":"Izrael","year":"1982","journal-title":"Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib27","author":"Japan Atomic Energy Agency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib28","series-title":"Operational Status of Nuclear Facilities in Japan","author":"Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organisation","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib29","series-title":"Operational Status of Nuclear Facilities in Japan","author":"Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organisation","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib30","series-title":"Operational Status of Nuclear Facilities in Japan","author":"Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organisation","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib31","series-title":"Operational Status of Nuclear Facilities in Japan","author":"Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organisation","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib32","unstructured":"Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organisation, 2007b. Personal communication to Jochen Ahlswede. 10\/29\/2007."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib33","series-title":"Operational Status of Nuclear Facilities in Japan","author":"Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organisation","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib34","series-title":"Operational Status of Nuclear Facilities in Japan","author":"Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organisation","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib35","series-title":"Operational Status of Nuclear Facilities in Japan","author":"Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organisation","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib36","unstructured":"Japan Nuclear Fuel Cycle Development Institute, 1999. JNC TN8450 99\u2013001."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib37","unstructured":"Japan Nuclear Fuel Cycle Development Institute, 2002. JNC8450 2002\u2013002."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib38","unstructured":"Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited, 2011. http:\/\/www.jnfl.co.jp\/daily-stat\/common\/safety-agreement.html [in Japanese], (accessed 05.01.11)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib39","unstructured":"Kalinowski, M. B., 1997. Measurements and Modelling of Atmospheric Krypton-85 as Indicator for Plutonium Separation. In: Proc. International Workshop on the Status of Measurement Techniques for the Identification of Nuclear Signatures, IRMM, Geel 25\u201327 February 1997."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.10.015","article-title":"Global radioxenon emission inventory based on nuclear power reactor reports","volume":"100","author":"Kalinowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2003.09.002","article-title":"Conclusions on plutonium separation from atmospheric krypton-85 measured at various distances from the Karlsruhe reprocessing plant","volume":"73","author":"Kalinowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.04.008","article-title":"A\u00a0performance estimate for the detection of undeclared nuclear-fuel reprocessing by atmospheric 85Kr","volume":"99","author":"Kemp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib43","unstructured":"Klingberg, F. J., Hebel, S., Kilian, M., Wotawa, G., Kalinowski, M. B., 2010. Simulation of atmospheric noble gas transport to assess sampling procedures for locating unreported reprocessing, Paper to a poster presented at the IAEA Symposium on International safeguards, 1\u20135 November 2010, IAEA-CN-184\/36."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib44","first-page":"522","article-title":"Krypton-85 purge at three mile Island: a comparison of measured and calculated surface air concentrations","volume":"49","author":"Kunz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Health Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/08929880215324","article-title":"An Initial analysis of Kr85 production and dispersion from reprocessing in India and Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Mian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science and Global Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/08929880600993022","article-title":"Fissile materials in South Asia and the implications of the U.S.-India nuclear Deal","volume":"14","author":"Mian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science and Global Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib47","unstructured":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). DATEM \u2013 data archive of tracer experiments and meteorology. Available from: http:\/\/www.arl.noaa.gov\/DATEM.php, (accessed 05.01.11)."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/15693430500400345","article-title":"Recent trends in global greenhouse gas emissions: regional trends 1970\u20132000 and spatial distribution of key sources in 2000","volume":"2","author":"Olivier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environmental Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib49","unstructured":"Ringeard, C., IRSN (DRPH\/SER\/UETP), 2007. Personal communication to Mycle Schneider, 3\/282007 on the request of one of the authors of this publication (M. B. Kalinowski)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib50","series-title":"Simulation of Atmospheric Noble Gas Concentrations to Assess Sampling Procedures for the Detection of Clandestine Reprocessing","author":"Ross","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib51","unstructured":"Ross, O., Ahlswede, J., Annewandter, R., Rast, S., Schl\u00fcnzen, K.H., Kalinowski, M. B., 2010. Simulations of atmospheric krypton-85 to assess the detectability of clandestine nuclear reprocessing. Paper to a poster presented at the IAEA Symposium on International Safeguards, 1\u20135 November 2010, IAEA-CN-184\/034."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-4120(79)90071-0","article-title":"Krypton-85 in the atmosphere 1950\u20131977: a data review","volume":"2","author":"R\u00f3zanski","year":"1979","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib53","unstructured":"Ro\u00df, J. O., 2010, Simulation of atmospheric krypton-85 transport to assess the detectability of clandestine nuclear reprocessing, Dissertation, Max Planck Institute for meteorology, reports on Earth System Science, 2010-82."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider, M., 2009. Personal communication To Martin B. Kalinowski, 06\/25\/2009.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0270-6644(09)70063-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib55","series-title":"Discharges and Monitoring in the UK","author":"Sellafield Ltd","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib56","unstructured":"Stanoszek, P., 2008. Krypton-85 signatures of different plutonium production schemes, Diploma thesis, University of Hamburg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib57","unstructured":"Stanoszek, P., Kalinowski, M. B., 2009. Krypton-85 Source Term for Various Plutonium Production Schemes, ESARDA Annual Meeting, Vilnius, 26\u201328 May, 2009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib58","series-title":"Geophysical Problems of Krypton-85 in the Atmosphere","author":"Styra","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib59","unstructured":"Telegadas, K., Ferber, G. J., Draxler, R. R., Pendergast, M. M., Boni, A. L., Hughes, J. P., Gray, J. Measured Weekly and Twice-daily Krypton-85 Surface Air Concentrations Within 150 km of the Savannah River Plant (March 1975 through September 1977) \u2013 Final Report, NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ARL-80."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-1777-2006","article-title":"Analysis and quantification of the diversities of aerosol life cycles within AeroCom","volume":"6","author":"Textor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib61","series-title":"Radioactive Effluents from Nuclear Power Stations and Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Sites in the European Union, 1999\u20132003","author":"van der Stricht","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib62","unstructured":"Vandegrift, G. F., 2005. Facts and myths concerning Mo-99 production with HEU and LEU Targets. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors, Boston, 7\u201310 November, 2005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib63","series-title":"Arms Control Verification: The Technologies That Make It Possible","article-title":"Controlling nuclear weapons at the source verification of a cutoff in the production op plutonium and highly enriched uranium for nuclear weapons","author":"von Hippel","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib64","series-title":"Quantities of Fissile Materials in US and Soviet Nuclear Weapons Arsenals","author":"von Hippel","year":"1986"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2004.09.005","article-title":"A\u00a0new compilation of the atmospheric krypton-85 inventories from 1945 to 2000 and its evaluation in a global transport model","volume":"80","author":"Winger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib66","series-title":"Nuclear Power in Russia","author":"World Nuclear Association","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib67","series-title":"Ceremony Marks End of a Nuclear Era (04\/16\/2010)","author":"World Nuclear News","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib68","article-title":"Management of radionuclides from reprocessing plant gaseous effluents","volume":"21","author":"Zabaluev","year":"1979","journal-title":"IAEA Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/08929882.2011.566469","article-title":"China\u2019s HEU and plutonium production and stocks","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science and Global Security"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(89)90094-2","article-title":"A\u00a0global three-dimensional source-receptor model investigation using krypton-85","volume":"23","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Radioactivity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0265931X12001816?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0265931X12001816?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]],"date-time":"2019-07-02T11:57:25Z","timestamp":1562068645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0265931X12001816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["S0265931X12001816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2012.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0265-931X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0265-931X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}}}