{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T07:16:50Z","timestamp":1783149410516,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031842","name":"Belgian Nuclear Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007610","name":"Flemish Institute for Technological Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2210404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2210404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Radioactivity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T20:38:43Z","timestamp":1779223123000},"page":"108023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Release and fractionation of naturally occurring radionuclides in geothermal systems and the potential role of organic matter"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"297","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0609-4891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val Maverick","family":"Abecia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Salah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirela","family":"Vasile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9859-3980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Cappuyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1021\/es940723g","article-title":"Competitive sorption of simple organic acids and sulfate on goethite","volume":"30","author":"Ali","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16577","DOI":"10.1021\/jp960376s","article-title":"Dealumination of zeolite beta via dicarboxylic acid treatment","volume":"100","author":"Apelian","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b3","first-page":"1","author":"Appelo","year":"2005","journal-title":"CRC Press"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(97)00243-3","article-title":"Water-rock interaction processes in the Triassic sandstone and the granitic basement of the Rhine Graben: Geochemical investigation of a geothermal reservoir","volume":"61","author":"Aquilina","year":"1997","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(85)90283-2","article-title":"New gas geothermometers for geothermal exploration\u2014calibration and application","volume":"49","author":"Arn\u00f3rsson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0956-053X(96)00074-8","article-title":"Colloid-facilitated radionuclide transport in fractured porous rock","volume":"16","author":"Baek","year":"1996","journal-title":"Waste Manage."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(87)90208-0","article-title":"The influence of the major ions of seawater on the adsorption of simple organic acids by goethite","volume":"51","author":"Balistrieri","year":"1987","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b8","series-title":"the Engineer\u2019s Guide To Plant Layout and Piping Design for the Oil and Gas Industries","first-page":"105","article-title":"Piping and equipment basis for selection","author":"Barker","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b9","series-title":"Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits","author":"Barnes","year":"1997"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6380(92)90012-M","article-title":"Interactions between organic acids anions in formation waters and reservoir mineral phases","volume":"19","author":"Barth","year":"1992","journal-title":"Org. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b11","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review of hot sedimentary aquifer geothermal resources in Australia","author":"Beardsmore","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b12","first-page":"227","article-title":"Physicochemical forms of traces of radium in aqueous solutions containing chlorides, sulfates and carbonates","volume":"50","author":"Benes","year":"1982","journal-title":"Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b13","series-title":"Soil and Environmental Chemistry","first-page":"321","article-title":"Redox chemistry","author":"Bleam","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1306\/2F919792-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D","article-title":"Modes of formation of anomalously high radioactivity in oil-field brines","volume":"65","author":"Bloch","year":"1981","journal-title":"AAPG Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04741","article-title":"Complexation by organic matter controls uranium mobility in anoxic sediments","volume":"54","author":"Bone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b16","series-title":"The Aqueous Chemistry of Polonium and the Practical Application of Its Thermochemistry","first-page":"43","article-title":"Chapter 3 - chemical thermodynamics of polonium","author":"Brown","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2019.04.009","article-title":"On the solubility of Radium and other alkaline Earth sulfate and carbonate phases at elevated temperature","volume":"255","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b18","series-title":"Uranium - Past and Future Challenges","first-page":"553","article-title":"Solubility of Radium and strontium sulfate across the temperature range of 0 to 300\u00b0C","author":"Brown","year":"2015"},{"issue":"6\u20139","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1515\/ract-2021-1141","article-title":"The aqueous chemistry of radium","volume":"110","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b20","series-title":"Measuring dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC)","author":"Bruckner","year":"2007"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.3390\/w12123512","article-title":"Dissolved organic matter in continental hydro-geothermal systems: Insights from two hot springs of the East African Rift Valley","volume":"12","author":"Butturini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2022.121018","article-title":"Thermochemical sulfate reduction in sedimentary basins and beyond; a review","volume":"607","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b23","series-title":"Materials Science and Engineering: an Introduction","author":"Callister Jr.","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b24","article-title":"Aliphatic acid anions in oil-field waters: implications for origin of natural gas","volume":"62,12","author":"Carothers","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b25","series-title":"The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium","author":"Carvalho","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-007-1185-3","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of speciation parameters of Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn in model solutions of Suwannee River fulvic acid by pseudopolarography","volume":"388","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3390\/min8050211","article-title":"Pb-210 and Po-210 in geological and related anthropogenic materials: Implications for their mineralogical distribution in base metal ores","volume":"8","author":"Cook","year":"2018","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(93)90370-C","article-title":"Retardation of U-238 and Th-232 decay chain radionuclides in Long Island and Connecticut aquifers","volume":"57","author":"Copenhaver","year":"1993","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0375-6505(97)10015-3","article-title":"Hydrothermal alteration mineralogy as an indicator of hydrology at the Ngawha geothermal field, New Zealand","volume":"27","author":"Cox","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geothermics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b30","series-title":"Proceedings World Geothermal Congress","article-title":"Evolution of the natural radioactivity on the Soultz-sous-For\u00eat EGS power plant and implication for radiation protection","author":"Cuenot","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1130\/GES01321.1","article-title":"The origin of radon anomalies along normal faults in an active rift and geothermal area","volume":"12","author":"Davidson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geosphere"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1021\/es60147a006","article-title":"Effect of adsorbed complexing ligands on trace metal uptake by hydrous oxides","volume":"12","author":"Davis","year":"1978","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b33","series-title":"Proceedings World Geothermal Congress","article-title":"Radionuclide release in geothermal aquifers - The role of alpha recoil","author":"Degering","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b34","first-page":"335","article-title":"Radium in groundwater","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Dickson","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.116585","article-title":"TSR-derived hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfur compounds: New insights from chemical thermodynamic investigation","volume":"336","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-022-08226-z","article-title":"Po-210 characteristic in selected thermal water sources in Northern Vietnam","volume":"331","author":"Duong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2015.12.001","article-title":"Alteration of the molecular-size-distribution of Boom Clay dissolved organic matter induced by Na+ and Ca2+","volume":"185\u2013186","author":"Durce","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2013.03.002","article-title":"Impact of natural radionuclides on geothermal exploitation in the Upper Rhine Graben","volume":"47","author":"Eggeling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geothermics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02039886","article-title":"Evidence for radon transport by carrier gas through faulted clays in Italy","volume":"193","author":"Etiope","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Artic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2018.10.022","article-title":"The role of Pb(II) complexes in hydrothermal mass transfer: An X-ray absorption spectroscopic study","volume":"502","author":"Etschmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b41","series-title":"Isotopes: Principles and Applications","author":"Faure","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1556\/CEuGeol.52.2009.3-4.4","article-title":"Interaction and variation of isotopic age, temperature, organic and inorganic solutes in Hungarian thermal waters","volume":"52","author":"Fekete","year":"2009","journal-title":"Central Eur. Geol. Central Eur. Geol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1080\/00206810009465107","article-title":"Chromium transformations in natural environments: The role of biological and abiological processes in Chromium(VI) Reduction","volume":"42","author":"Fendorf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. Geol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-008-0158-x","article-title":"Freshwaters: which NOM matters?","volume":"7","author":"Filella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b45","series-title":"Petroleum Engineer\u2019s Guide To Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids","first-page":"309","article-title":"Chapter 6 - Corrosion inhibitors","author":"Fink","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b46","series-title":"Petroleum Engineer\u2019s Guide To Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids","first-page":"351","article-title":"Chapter 7 - Scale inhibitors","author":"Fink","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(87)90297-3","article-title":"Distribution and occurrence of aliphatic acid anions in deep subsurface waters","volume":"51","author":"Fisher","year":"1987","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2022.105442","article-title":"Organic compounds in surface and groundwaters in the surrounding of a mexican geothermal reservoir; case study Los Humeros, Puebla","volume":"147","author":"Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(80)90200-8","article-title":"Geothermal gas equilibria","volume":"44","author":"Giggenbach","year":"1980","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b50","first-page":"119","article-title":"Chemical techniques in geothermal exploration","author":"Giggenbach","year":"1991","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem. Geotherm. Reserv. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b51","series-title":"Organic Acids in Geological Processes","first-page":"449","article-title":"How important are organic acids in generating secondary porosity in the subsurface?","author":"Giles","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b52","series-title":"Radium, Radon and Uranium Isotopes in Groundwater from Cambrian-Ordovician Sandstone Aquifers in Illinois","author":"Gilkeson","year":"1987"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1365\/s10337-006-0806-x","article-title":"Occurrence of organic compounds in the thermal sulfurous waters of Calabria, Italy","volume":"63","author":"Gioia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.80.1.96","article-title":"A preliminary evaluation of organic ligands and metal-organic complexing in Mississippi Valley-Type ore solutions","volume":"80","author":"Giordano","year":"1985","journal-title":"Econ. Geol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(89)90387-6","article-title":"Anglesite (PbSO4) solubility in acetate solutions: The determination of stability constants for lead acetate complexes to 85\u00b0C","volume":"53","author":"Giordano","year":"1989","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b56","series-title":"Organic Acids in Geological Processes","first-page":"319","article-title":"Metal transport in ore fluids by organic ligand complexation","author":"Giordano","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1467-4866-3-56","article-title":"Transport of Pb and Zn by carboxylate complexes in basinal ore fluids and related petroleum-field brines at 100\u00b0C: the influence of pH and oxygen fugacity","volume":"3","author":"Giordano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geochem. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.14","article-title":"Organic ligand distribution and speciation in sedimentary basin brines, diagenetic fluids and related ore solutions","volume":"78","author":"Giordano","year":"1994","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b59","series-title":"Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Aquatic Humus","first-page":"120","author":"Gjessing","year":"1976"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.11.067","article-title":"Occurrence of soluble organic compounds in thermal waters by ion trap mass detection","volume":"75","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Barreiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-3861(60)90020-3","article-title":"The thermal decomposition of polymethacrylic acid","volume":"1","author":"Grant","year":"1960","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1351\/pac197230010119","article-title":"Recent work on the thermal degradation of acrylate and methacrylate homopolymers and copolymers","volume":"30","author":"Grassie","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2014.12.017","article-title":"Thermodynamic data selection applied to radionuclides and chemotoxic elements: An overview of the ThermoChimie-TDB","volume":"55","author":"Griv\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1021\/es00050a007","article-title":"Adsorption and desorption of natural organic matter on iron oxide: mechanisms and models","volume":"28","author":"Gu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0273(82)90066-X","article-title":"The chemistry of iron in geothermal systems in Iceland","volume":"14","author":"Gunnlaugsson","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2017.10.006","article-title":"Mineralogical characterization of scalings formed in geothermal sites in the Upper Rhine Graben before and after the application of sulfate inhibitors","volume":"71","author":"Haas-N\u00fcesch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geothermics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2020.148141","article-title":"The interactions of radioactive Lead with sulphide minerals","volume":"538","author":"Hamilton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-016-0354-5","article-title":"Pyrolysis kinetic analysis of poly(methyl methacrylate) using evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry","volume":"34","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(89)90281-0","article-title":"Polonium in Florida groundwater and its possible relationship to the sulfur cycle and bacteria","volume":"53","author":"Harada","year":"1989","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b70","series-title":"CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: a Ready Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (2016\u20132017)","author":"Haynes","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0344135","article-title":"A modified multisite stern volmer equation for the determination of conditional stability constants and ligand concentrations of soil fulvic acid with metal ions","volume":"76","author":"Hays","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.83.4.742","article-title":"Organic complexes in hydrothermal systems","volume":"83","author":"Hennet","year":"1988","journal-title":"Econ. Geol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b73","first-page":"181","article-title":"Uranium and Radium mobility in groundwaters and brines within the Delaware basin, Southeastern New Mexico, U.S.A.","volume":"72","author":"Herczeg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chem. Geol.: Isot. Geosci. Sect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2012.03.001","article-title":"Investigation of thermal decomposition of phosphonic acids","volume":"96","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b75","series-title":"Analysis of Flame Retardancy in Polymer Science","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chapter 1 - Fundamentals: Flammability, ignition, and fire spread in polymers","author":"Horrocks","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-3910(03)00165-4","article-title":"The effect of end groups on the thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate)","volume":"82","author":"Hu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b77","series-title":"IAEA Safety Glossary, Terminology Used in Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection","author":"IAEA","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2005.07.003","article-title":"The source of anomalous radioactivity in the springs bordering the Sea of Galilee, Israel","volume":"85","author":"Ilani","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b79","series-title":"Uranium Series Disequilibrium: Applications to Environmental Problems","author":"Ivanovich","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b80","series-title":"Fractionation, Mobility and Biological Accessibility of Radionuclides in the Environment","first-page":"151","author":"Izrael","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3109\/10915818809014519","article-title":"Acrylics: A literature review of thermal decomposition products and toxicity","volume":"7","author":"Johnston","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2014.11.003","article-title":"Diffuse surface emanations as indicator of structural permeability in fault-controlled geothermal systems","volume":"290","author":"Jolie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2014.12.007","article-title":"Lead-210 and polonium-210 disequilibria in the northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone","volume":"169","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2020.101970","article-title":"Reinjection in geothermal fields: An updated worldwide review 2020","volume":"89","author":"Kamila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geothermics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(99)00006-6","article-title":"Organic matter in thermal waters of the Pannonian Basin \u2013 a preliminary report on aromatic compounds","volume":"30","author":"K\u00e1rp\u00e1ti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Org. Geochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2343\/geochemj.20.51","article-title":"Volatile organic-acids generated from kerogen during laboratory heating","volume":"20","author":"Kawamura","year":"1986","journal-title":"Geochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2022.102542","article-title":"The risk of scaling in danish geothermal plants and its effect on the reservoir properties predicted by hydrogeochemical modelling","volume":"105","author":"Kazmierczak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geothermics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b88","first-page":"345","article-title":"Chapter 10 uranium- and thorium-series radionuclides in marine groundwaters","volume":"vol. 13","author":"Kirk Cochran","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-020-07527-5","article-title":"Prediction of thermodynamic data for Radium suitable for thermodynamic database for radioactive waste management using an electrostatic model and correlation with ionic radii among alkaline Earth metals","volume":"327","author":"Kitamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b90","series-title":"Th-U Radionuclides in the Characterization of Geothermal Reservoirs (Bruchsal, SW Germany)","author":"K\u00f6lbel","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2022.105509","article-title":"Radiochemical monitoring of geothermal systems: Case study Bruchsal (Upper Rhine Graben)","volume":"147","author":"K\u00f6lbel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40517-020-00179-4","article-title":"Water\u2013rock interactions in the Bruchsal geothermal system by U\u2013Th series radionuclides","volume":"8","author":"K\u00f6lbel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geotherm. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b93","series-title":"Thermodynamic Inversion: Origin of Living Systems","first-page":"249","article-title":"Organic matter in the hydrothermal systems of Kamchatka Peninsula and nearby area","author":"Kompanichenko","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1134\/S0016702922010074","article-title":"Organic compounds of medium volatility in the thermal fields of Urup Island, Kuriles, and the Kamchatka Peninsula: A comparative analysis","volume":"60","author":"Kompanichenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geochem. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1134\/S0742046316050031","article-title":"Organic compounds in thermal water: The Mutnovskii area and the Uzon caldera","volume":"10","author":"Kompanichenko","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Seism."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2343\/geochemj.1.0168","article-title":"Comparative study on humic substances isolated in thermal groundwaters from deep aquifers below 700 m","volume":"46","author":"Kovacs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b97","series-title":"Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology","first-page":"679","article-title":"Chapter 20 - Applications of uranium- and thorium-series radionuclides in catchment hydrology studies","author":"Kraemer","year":"1998"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2541(84)90186-4","article-title":"The occurrence and behavior of Radium in saline formation water of the U.S. Gulf Coast region","volume":"46","author":"Kraemer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1029\/WR018i006p01663","article-title":"Radium, thorium and radioactive lead isotopes in groundwaters - application to the in-situ determination of adsorption-desorption rate constants and retardation factors","volume":"18","author":"Krishnaswami","year":"1982","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"6172","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/333415a0","article-title":"Chemical and isotopic evidence of thermochemical sulphate reduction by light hydrocarbon gases in deep carbonate reservoirs","volume":"333","author":"Krouse","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1524\/ract.1998.80.4.219","article-title":"Assessing in situ radionuclide migration from natural analog studies: Response to McKinley and Alexander (1996)","volume":"80","author":"Ku","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiochim. Acta"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(85)90242-X","article-title":"The geochemistry of Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra sulfates in some deep brines from the Palo Duro Basin, Texas","volume":"49","author":"Langmuir","year":"1985","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(85)90264-9","article-title":"The thermodynamic properties of Radium","volume":"49","author":"Langmuir","year":"1985","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02038341","article-title":"Natural radionuclides in groundwaters","volume":"156","author":"Laul","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.11.143","article-title":"Oxidation and reduction of redox-sensitive elements in the presence of humic substances in subsurface environments: A review","volume":"220","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40517-022-00220-8","article-title":"Dissolved organic compounds in geothermal fluids used for energy production: a review","volume":"10","author":"Leins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geotherm. Energy"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5457","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-21-5457-2024","article-title":"Methods to characterize type, relevance, and interactions of organic matter and microorganisms in fluids along the flow path of a geothermal facility","volume":"21","author":"Leins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-3910(01)00236-1","article-title":"Thermal degradation of polyacrylic acid in dilute aqueous solution","volume":"75","author":"L\u00e9pine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b109","series-title":"Nuclear and Radiochemistry Fundamentals and Applications 2 Rev Ed","author":"Lieser","year":"2001"},{"issue":"9\u201311","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1524\/ract.2008.1557","article-title":"The influence of natural organic matter on the speciation and solubility of Eu in Boom Clay porewater","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b111","series-title":"Organic Acids in Geological Processes","first-page":"40","article-title":"Distribution and occurrence of organic acids in subsurface waters","author":"Lundegard","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2018.12.001","article-title":"A review of the retention mechanisms of redox-sensitive radionuclides in multi-barrier systems","volume":"100","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2008.05.061","article-title":"Theoretical study on the reactivity of sulfate species with hydrocarbons","volume":"72","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-2927(90)90065-D","article-title":"Carboxylic acid anions in formation waters, San Joaquin Basin and Louisiana Gulf Coast, U.S.A.\u2014Implications for clastic diagenesis","volume":"5","author":"MacGowan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0037-0738(00)00176-7","article-title":"Bacterial and thermochemical sulfate reduction in diagenetic settings \u2014 old and new insights","volume":"140","author":"Machel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sediment. Geol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pce.2011.10.003","article-title":"A consistent phenomenological model for natural organic matter linked migration of Tc(IV), Cm(III), Np(IV), Pu(III\/IV) and Pa(V) in the Boom Clay","volume":"36","author":"Maes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Earth Parts A\/B\/C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b117","series-title":"Karlsruher nuklidkarte - chart of the nuclides","author":"Magill","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b118","article-title":"Uranium speciation and bioavailability in aquatic systems: An overview","volume":"2","author":"Markich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sci. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b119","series-title":"Critical Stability Constants","author":"Martell","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b120","series-title":"Critical Stability Constants: First Supplement","first-page":"284","article-title":"Carboxylic acids","author":"Martell","year":"1982"},{"issue":"1119","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1039\/an9699400441","article-title":"The thermal volatilisation of Caesium-137, Polonium-210 and Lead-210 from in vivo labelled samples","volume":"94","author":"Martin","year":"1969","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b122","series-title":"On the Solubility of Radium Sulfate and Carbonate","author":"Matyskin","year":"2016"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12038","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.3c01513","article-title":"Disordered crystal structure and anomalously high solubility of radium carbonate","volume":"62","author":"Matyskin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1007\/s10953-017-0679-7","article-title":"Barium and radium complexation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in aqueous alkaline sodium chloride media","volume":"46","author":"Matyskin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Solut. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-3910(90)90034-5","article-title":"Thermal stability and degradation mechanisms of poly(acrylic acid) and its salts: Part 1\u2014Poly(acrylic acid)","volume":"29","author":"McNeill","year":"1990","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6380(87)90021-0","article-title":"Short-chain aliphatic acid anions in deep subsurface brines: A review of their origin, occurrence, properties, and importance and new data on their distribution and geochemical implications in the Palo Duro Basin, Texas","volume":"11","author":"Means","year":"1987","journal-title":"Org. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b127","first-page":"471","article-title":"Chapter 17 pyrolysis of carboxylic acids","volume":"vol. 28","author":"Moldoveanu","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b128","article-title":"Aquatic chemistry","author":"Morgan","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24581","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24581","article-title":"Soil radon measurements as a potential tracer of tectonic and volcanic activity","volume":"6","author":"Neri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.4980190110","article-title":"Thermal behaviour of films of partially neutralized poly(acrylic acid). 1: Influence of metal ions","volume":"19","author":"Nicholson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br. Polym. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orggeochem.2019.103964","article-title":"A novel PARAFAC model for continental hot springs reveals unique dissolved organic carbon compositions","volume":"141","author":"Nye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Org. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b132","series-title":"Source and Occurrence of Radionuclides in Geothermal Water: With Focus on the Margretheholm Geothermal Plant","author":"Olivarius","year":"2018"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b133","first-page":"2377","article-title":"Head-to-head vinyl polymers. III. preparation and characterization of head-to-head poly(acrylic acid) and its esters","volume":"19","author":"Otsu","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Chem. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b134","series-title":"Chemical and Radiological Assessment of Deep Brine-Type Geothermal Groundwaters","author":"Pauwels","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2021.102090","article-title":"Characterization of scaling material obtained from the geothermal power plant of the Balmatt site, Mol","volume":"94","author":"Pauwels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geothermics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2025.112412","article-title":"A radiometric and elemental characterisation of sludge and scales found in Dutch geothermal plants","volume":"229","author":"Pollet","year":"2026","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.2113\/RGG20204311","article-title":"Organic matter and molecular-weight distribution of hydrocarbons in the Annenskoe thermal waters (Far East, Russia)","volume":"63","author":"Poturay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Russ. Geol. Geophys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1134\/S0016702919010087","article-title":"Composition and distribution of saturated hydrocarbons in the thermal waters and vapor\u2013water mixture of theMutnovskii geothermal field and Uzon caldera, Kamchatka","volume":"57","author":"Poturay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geochem. Int."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(99)00146-5","article-title":"Metal-organic complexes in geochemical processes: temperature dependence of the standard thermodynamic properties of aqueous complexes between metal cations and dicarboxylate ligands","volume":"63","author":"Prapaipong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124989","article-title":"Selective radionuclide co-sorption onto natural minerals in environmental and anthropogenic conditions","volume":"409","author":"Ram","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124553","article-title":"Understanding the mobility and retention of uranium and its daughter products","volume":"410","author":"Ram","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.06.002","article-title":"The aqueous chemistry of Polonium (Po) in environmental and anthropogenic processes","volume":"380","author":"Ram","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(84)90261-8","article-title":"Mechanism of transport of U-Th series radioisotopes from solids into ground water","volume":"48","author":"Rama","year":"1984","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b144","first-page":"A856","article-title":"Mineral precipitation from geothermal brines during reservoir activities - Example Gross Schonebeck (Germany)","volume":"74","author":"Regenspurg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2024.102979","article-title":"Geochemical and microbial processes in a deep geothermal well during seven years of production stop and their potential impact on the well performance","volume":"120","author":"Regenspurg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geothermics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-014-3306-6","article-title":"Naturally occurring radionuclides and their geochemical interactions at a geothermal site in the North German Basin","volume":"72","author":"Regenspurg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-016-5668-4","article-title":"Formation and significance of laurionite in geothermal brine","volume":"75","author":"Regenspurg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemer.2010.05.002","article-title":"Geochemical properties of saline geothermal fluids from the in-situ geothermal laboratory Gross chonebeck (Germany)","volume":"70","author":"Regenspurg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. der Erde-Geochemistry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(02)01341-8","article-title":"The transport of U- and Th-series nuclides in sandy confined aquifers","volume":"67","author":"Reynolds","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2011.07.013","article-title":"Co-precipitation of Radium in high ionic strength systems: 2. Kinetic and ionic strength effects","volume":"75","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2018.04.019","article-title":"The precipitation of gypsum, celestine, and barite and co-precipitation of Radium during seawater evaporation","volume":"233","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b152","series-title":"Radium content of oil-and gas-field produced waters in the Northern Appalachian Basin (USA): Summary and discussion of data","author":"Rowan","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2020.101980","article-title":"Distribution and origin of organic compounds in the condensates from a Mexican high-temperature geothermal field","volume":"89","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Avila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geothermics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b154","first-page":"546","article-title":"Main characteristics of the deep geothermal brine (5km) at Soultz-sous-For\u00eats (France) determined using geochemical and tracer test data","volume":"342","author":"Sanjuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b155","series-title":"Proceedings, 37th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","article-title":"Geochemical and mineralogical monitoring of the geothermal power plant in Soultz-sous-Forets, France","author":"Scheiber","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b156","unstructured":"Scheiber, J., Seibt, A., Birner, J., Genter, A., Moeckes, W., 2013. Application of a Scaling Inhibitor System at the Geothermal Power Plant in Soultz-sous-For\u00eats: Laboratory and On-site Studies. In: Proceedings, European Geothermal Congress."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01642a021","article-title":"Complexes of alkaline earth cations including Radium with amino acids and related compounds","volume":"76","author":"Schubert","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)56429-2","article-title":"Dissociation constants of radium-organic acid complexes measured by ion exchange","volume":"185","author":"Schubert","year":"1950","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(01)00702-5","article-title":"Model for the origin of carboxylic acids in basinal brines","volume":"65","author":"Seewald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2011.01.011","article-title":"Biogeochemical factors affecting the presence of Po-210 in groundwater","volume":"26","author":"Seiler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1246\/bcsj.41.3013","article-title":"Studies of the alkaline earth complexes in various solutions. IV. solvent extraction study of Radium(II) Complexes with some aminocarboxylic acids in perchlorate media","volume":"41","author":"Sekine","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(90)90331-E","article-title":"Recoil-emanation theory applied to radon release from mineral grains","volume":"54","author":"Semkow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2138\/rmg.2013.76.9","article-title":"Thermodynamics of organic transformations in hydrothermal fluids","volume":"76","author":"Shock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Miner. Geochem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(95)00058-8","article-title":"Metal-organic complexes in geochemical processes: Estimation of standard partial molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous complexes between metal cations and monovalent organic acid ligands at high pressures and temperatures","volume":"59","author":"Shock","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b165","first-page":"259","article-title":"Organic matter in the mineral waters of orogenic regions of Central Asia","volume":"37","author":"Shpeizer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geokhimiya"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b166","series-title":"Natural Organic Matter in Water","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chapter 1 - general introduction","author":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b167","series-title":"Chemical Equilibrium and Reaction Models","first-page":"7","article-title":"The selection of critical stability constants","author":"Smith","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2017.11.002","article-title":"Radium mobility and the age of groundwater in public-drinking-water supplies from the Cambrian-ordovician aquifer system, north-central USA","volume":"89","author":"Stackelberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b169","series-title":"The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes","first-page":"799","article-title":"Chapter 46 - intrusion-related geothermal systems","author":"Stimac","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2020.102024","article-title":"Effect of lead and copper containing brine on steel materials for geothermal applications \u2013 A corrosion study","volume":"91","author":"Stoljarova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geothermics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(97)00154-6","article-title":"Mobilization of Thorium, Radium and Radon radionuclides in ground water by successive alpha-recoils","volume":"205","author":"Sun","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2011.11.002","article-title":"Occurrence and geochemistry of radium in water from principal drinking-water aquifer systems of the United States","volume":"27","author":"Szabo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7236","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c00192","article-title":"Occurrence and geochemistry of Lead-210 and Polonium-210 radionuclides in public-drinking-water supplies from principal aquifers of the United States","volume":"54","author":"Szabo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-019-06939-2","article-title":"Po-210 in the environment: insight into the naturally occurring Polonium isotope","volume":"323","author":"Thakur","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b175","series-title":"The PSI\/Nagra Chemical Thermodynamic Database 12\/07","author":"Thoenen","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-5095-5","article-title":"Organic geochemistry of natural waters","author":"Thurman","year":"1985"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(00)00617-7","article-title":"The transport of U- and Th-series nuclides in a sandy unconfined aquifer","volume":"65","author":"Tricca","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.20341\/gb.2014.037","article-title":"The Merksplas-Beerse geothermal well (17W265) and the Dinantian reservoir","volume":"3","author":"Vandenberghe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geol. Belg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(02)00103-1","article-title":"Carbon forms in formation waters from the Pannonian Basin, Hungary","volume":"189","author":"Vars\u00e1nyi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2016.12.030","article-title":"Characterization of the natural radioactivity of the first deep geothermal doublet in flanders, Belgium","volume":"126","author":"Vasile","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2017.10.019","article-title":"Thermodynamics of the solid solution - aqueous solution system (Ba,Sr,Ra)SO4 + H2O: II. Radium retention in barite-type minerals at elevated temperatures","volume":"93","author":"Vinograd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"3813","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1126\/science.159.3813.418.a","article-title":"Ore-forming fluids: Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits","volume":"159","author":"Wahlstrom","year":"1968","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-005-9032-y","article-title":"Effect of natural organic matter on arsenic release from soilsand sediments into groundwater","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40517-022-00231-5","article-title":"The impact of hydrothermal alteration on the physiochemical characteristics of reservoir rocks: the case of the Los Humeros geothermal field (Mexico)","volume":"10","author":"Weydt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geotherm. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b185","series-title":"WHO Handbook on Indoor Radon: A Public Health Perspective","author":"WHO","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b186","series-title":"Origin of Radium in High-Mineralised Waters","author":"Wiegand","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b187","series-title":"Naturally-Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)","author":"www.world-nuclear.org","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.3390\/w14040632","article-title":"Microbial community composition in thermal waters from the lindian geothermal field (Songliao Basin, North-Eastern China)","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-014-3357-x","article-title":"Partition coefficient of ra in witherite","volume":"303","author":"Yoshida","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9522","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b02552","article-title":"The role of Fe-bearing phyllosilicates in DTPMP degradation under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2020.109386","article-title":"Rn-222, Pb-210 and Po-210 in coastal zone groundwater: Activities, geochemical behaviors, consideration of seawater intrusion effect, and the potential radiation human-health risk","volume":"166","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023_b192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(87)90152-9","article-title":"Uranium-Thorium series radionuclides in brines and reservoir rocks from two deep geothermal boreholes in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field, southeastern California","volume":"51","author":"Zukin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Radioactivity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0265931X26001384?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0265931X26001384?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T06:36:57Z","timestamp":1783147017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0265931X26001384"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":192,"alternative-id":["S0265931X26001384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0265-931X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0265-931X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Release and fractionation of naturally occurring radionuclides in geothermal systems and the potential role of organic matter","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2026.108023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108023"}}