{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T07:36:08Z","timestamp":1789803368673,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,15]],"date-time":"2008-02-15T08:03:06Z","timestamp":1203062586000},"page":"332-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Anti-nociceptive effects induced by intrathecal injection of BmK AS, a polypeptide from the venom of Chinese-scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch, in rat formalin test"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Yan","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhan-Tao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Hua","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)00095-V","article-title":"The formalin test: scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats","volume":"60","author":"Abbott","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.01.444","article-title":"The role of sodium channels in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain","volume":"7","author":"Amir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(02)00177-3","article-title":"c-Fos expression in rat spinal cord induced by scorpion BmK venom via plantar subcutaneous injection","volume":"44","author":"Bai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(03)00260-6","article-title":"Fos expression in rat spinal cord induced by peripheral injection of BmK I, an alpha-like scorpion neurotoxin","volume":"192","author":"Bai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.09.018","article-title":"Rat pain-related responses induced by experimental scorpion BmK sting","volume":"552","author":"Bai","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2007.03.007","article-title":"Suppression by intrathecal BmK IT2 on rat spontaneous pain behaviors and spinal c-Fos expression induced by formalin","volume":"73","author":"Bai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000252951.48745.a1","article-title":"Sodium channels and pain","volume":"68","author":"Benarroch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03241-9","article-title":"Antihyperalgesia effect of BmK AS, a scorpion toxin, in rat by intraplantar injection","volume":"952","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(01)00174-X","article-title":"Scorpion BmK venom induces nociceptive response of rats by plantar injection","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology and Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00248-3","article-title":"Asian scorpion BmK venom induces plasma extravasation and thermal hyperalgesia in the rat","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2006.03.026","article-title":"The anti-nociceptive effect of BmK AS, a scorpion active polypeptide, and the possible mechanism on specifically modulating voltage-gated Na+ currents in primary afferent neurons","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-09-03665.1992","article-title":"The contribution of excitatory amino acids to central sensitization and persistent nociception after formalin-induced tissue injury","volume":"12","author":"Coderre","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)00212-W","article-title":"Evidence for a peripheral origin of the tonic nociceptive response to subcutaneous formalin","volume":"61","author":"Dallel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(77)90130-0","article-title":"The formalin test: a quantitative study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine, and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats","volume":"4","author":"Dubuisson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(03)00101-7","article-title":"Spinal delivery of analgesics in experimental models of pain and analgesia","volume":"55","author":"Fairbanks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00142-3","article-title":"An overview of toxins and genes from the venom of the Asian scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch","volume":"40","author":"Goudet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(96)00065-7","article-title":"Two neurotoxins (BmK I and BmK II) from the venom of the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch: purification, amino acid sequences and assessment of specific activity","volume":"34","author":"Ji","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.18.257","article-title":"BmK AS, an active scorpion polypeptide, enhances [3H]-noradrenaline release from rat hippocampal slices","volume":"18","author":"Ji","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biomedical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02882556","article-title":"BmK AS, amino acid sequence of an novel activator of ryanodine receptor on skeletal muscle","volume":"42","author":"Ji","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chinese Science Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00190-1","article-title":"Covalent structures of BmK AS and BmK AS-1, two novel bioactive polypeptides purified from Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch","volume":"37","author":"Ji","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/35093019","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of nociception","volume":"413","author":"Julius","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1042\/0264-6021:3390343","article-title":"A new scorpion toxin (BmK-PL) stimulates Ca2+-release channel activity of the skeletal\u2013muscle ryanodine receptor by an indirect mechanism","volume":"339","author":"Kuniyasu","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121627","article-title":"Voltage-gated sodium channels and hyperalgesia","volume":"44","author":"Lai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4547(20000901)61:5<541::AID-JNR9>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"BmK AS: new scorpion neurotoxin binds to distinct receptor sites of mammal and insect voltage-gated sodium channels","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.17.451","article-title":"Purification and the partial amino acid sequence of a novel activator of ryanodine (BmK AS-1) from mammalian skeletal muscle","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biomedical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.07.057","article-title":"Degranulation of mast cells and histamine release involved in rat pain-related behaviors and edema induced by scorpion Buthus martensi Karch venom","volume":"575","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.012","article-title":"Intrathecal injection of glutamate receptor antagonists\/agonist selectively attenuated rat pain-related behaviors induced by the venom of scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00217a007","article-title":"An anti-insect toxin purified from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector also acts on the alpha- and beta-sites of the mammalian sodium channel: sequence and circular dichroism study","volume":"30","author":"Loret","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/1056-8719(94)90087-6","article-title":"A method to perform direct transcutaneous intrathecal injection in rats","volume":"32","author":"Mestre","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib30","unstructured":"Pang, X.Y., Liu, T., Jiang, F., Ji, Y.H., in press. Activation of spinal ERK signaling pathway contributes to pain-related responses induced by scorpion Buthus martensi Karch venom. Toxicon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01642-6","article-title":"Buthus martensi Karsch agonist of skeletal\u2013muscle RyR-1, a scorpion active polypeptide: antinociceptive effect on rat peripheral nervous system and spinal cord, and inhibition of voltage-gated Na(+) currents in dorsal root ganglion neurons","volume":"297","author":"Tan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(00)00168-4","article-title":"The inhibitory effects of BmK IT2, a scorpion neurotoxin on rat nociceptive flexion reflex and a possible mechanism for modulating voltage-gated Na(+) channels","volume":"40","author":"Tan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00094-6","article-title":"Modulation of BmK AS, a scorpion neurotoxic polypeptide, on voltage-gated Na+ channels in B104 neuronal cell line","volume":"340","author":"Tan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.20094","article-title":"Voltage-gated sodium channels and pain pathways","volume":"61","author":"Wood","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5472.1765","article-title":"Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain","volume":"288","author":"Woolf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90201-4","article-title":"Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals","volume":"16","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1385\/MN:30:3:265","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of scorpion neurotoxins acting on sodium channels: insight into their diverse selectivity","volume":"30","author":"Zuo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037887410800072X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037887410800072X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T22:52:57Z","timestamp":1557269577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S037887410800072X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S037887410800072X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}