{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:13:25Z","timestamp":1792721605625,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,14]],"date-time":"2009-10-14T19:19:38Z","timestamp":1255547978000},"page":"534-542","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Antifibrotic effects of CGX, a traditional herbal formula, and its mechanisms in rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Jing-Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jang-Woo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Young","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Hyo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Gue","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17558","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells as a target for the treatment of liver fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Bataller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Seminars in Liver Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24282","article-title":"Liver fibrosis","volume":"115","author":"Bataller","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50881-X","article-title":"A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase","volume":"195","author":"Beers","year":"1952","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8608892","article-title":"Expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 is increased in fibrotic human liver","volume":"110","author":"Benyon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.4.443","article-title":"Is liver fibrosis reversible?","volume":"46","author":"Benyon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.01.029","article-title":"Pro-fibrogenic potential of PDGF-D in liver fibrosis","volume":"46","author":"Borkham-Kamphorst","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-858989","article-title":"TGF-beta\/Smad signaling in the injured liver","volume":"44","author":"Breitkopf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib8","first-page":"112","article-title":"A clinical report about 57 patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"21","author":"Cho","year":"2001","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7497","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i46.7497","article-title":"Toxicological study of the hepatotherapeutic herbal formula, CGX, in beagle dogs","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3002(59)90157-X","article-title":"The ionization of cysteine","volume":"33","author":"Evans","year":"1959","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2006.08.022","article-title":"Reversal of fibrosis: no longer a pipe dream?","volume":"10","author":"Fallowfield","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinics in Liver Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1159\/000090320","article-title":"Emerging therapies for liver fibrosis","volume":"24","author":"Fowell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00429-4","article-title":"Liver fibrosis-from bench to bedside","volume":"38","author":"Friedman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.003","article-title":"Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis","volume":"134","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2002-0046OC","article-title":"Overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha diminishes pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin or transforming growth factor-beta","volume":"29","author":"Fujita","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035021","article-title":"Management of cirrhosis and ascites","volume":"350","author":"Gines","year":"2004","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(82)90118-X","article-title":"Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N] nitrate in biological fluids","volume":"126","author":"Green","year":"1982","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102083440604","article-title":"Regression of liver fibrosis after biliary drainage in patients with chronic pancreatitis and stenosis of the common bile duct","volume":"344","author":"Hammel","year":"2001","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.07.042","article-title":"Antioxidative and hepatoprotective effect of CGX, an herbal medicine, against toxic acute injury in mice","volume":"120","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200211000-00009","article-title":"Pathogenesis of fibrosis: role of TGF-\u03b2 and CTGF","volume":"14","author":"Ihn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30542","article-title":"Models of liver fibrosis: exploring the dynamic nature of inflammation and repair in a solid organ","volume":"117","author":"Iredale","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3181\/0707-MR-190","article-title":"Mechanisms of fibrogenesis","volume":"233","author":"Kisseleva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00455-0","article-title":"Use of herbal supplements for chronic liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Levy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2001.02445.x","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation in hepatic steatosis in humans is associated with hepatic fibrosis and occurs predominately in acinar zone 3","volume":"16","author":"MacDonald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200565170-00003","article-title":"Pathophysiological basis for antioxidant therapy in chronic liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Medina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00142-8","article-title":"Oxidative stress-related molecules and liver fibrosis","volume":"35","author":"Parola","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114363","article-title":"Effects of platelet-derived growth factor and other polypeptide mitogens on DNA synthesis and growth of cultured rat liver fat-storing cells","volume":"84","author":"Pinzani","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.2741\/reeves","article-title":"Activation of hepatic stellate cells\u2014a key issue in liver fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Reeves","year":"2002","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.028","article-title":"From quiescence to activation: gene regulation in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"127","author":"Rippe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00445-8","article-title":"Antifibrotic therapy in chronic liver disease","volume":"3","author":"Rockey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib31","first-page":"27","article-title":"Hepatic fibrosis-role of hepatic stellate cell activation","volume":"4","author":"Safadi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Medscape General Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6142","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i38.6142","article-title":"An herbal formula, CGX, exerts hepato-therapeutic effects on dimethylnitrosamine-induced chronic liver injury model in rats","volume":"12","author":"Shin","year":"2006","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib33","first-page":"89","article-title":"Effect of gamichunggantang on alcoholic metabolism and alcoholic liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Son","year":"2001","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(78)90342-1","article-title":"Determination of malonaldehyde precursor in tissues by thiobarbituric acid test","volume":"86","author":"Uchiyama","year":"1978","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1080\/10408690490911701","article-title":"Dietary antioxidant compounds and liver health","volume":"44","author":"Vitaglione","year":"2004","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21867","article-title":"Apoptotic hepatocyte DNA inhibits hepatic stellate cell chemotaxis via toll-like receptor 9","volume":"46","author":"Watanabe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.04.012","article-title":"Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Extract exerts anti-fibrosis by mediating TGF-beta\/Smad signaling in myofibroblasts","volume":"118","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874109006412?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874109006412?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T08:24:48Z","timestamp":1634027088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874109006412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0378874109006412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}}}