{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:23:27Z","timestamp":1790699007750,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003504","name":"University of the Western Cape","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UWC-RG2006\/2007\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UWC-RG2006\/2007\/2008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,18]],"date-time":"2014-10-18T18:04:47Z","timestamp":1413655487000},"page":"123-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["Effects of hippadine on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Mugabo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvenia","family":"Philander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismaila","family":"Raji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daneel","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9158-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2004.07.006","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of ephedra alkaloids: a comprehensive review","volume":"47","author":"Andraws","year":"2005","journal-title":"Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9120","DOI":"10.1021\/jo0012546","article-title":"Total synthesis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids utilizing sequential intramolecular heterocyclic azadiene Diels\u2013Alder reactions of an unsymmetrical 1,2,4,5-tetrazine","volume":"65","author":"Boger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Organic Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib3","first-page":"409","article-title":"The heamodynamic response to the crude aqueous extract of Crinum macowanii bulbs (caeb) in anaesthetized Wistar rats","volume":"6","author":"Burger","year":"2009","journal-title":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-969864","article-title":"Effects of hippadine, an Amaryllidaceae alkaloid, on testicular function in rats","volume":"49","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"1983","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.01.037","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of crinane alkaloids from Boophone disticha (Amaryllidaceae)","volume":"140","author":"Cheesman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2004.00283.x","article-title":"Relationship between noradrenaline and nonlinear indexes of blood pressure dynamics in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"18","author":"Dabire","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2012.02.018","article-title":"The 2012 Canadian hypertension education program recommendations for the management of hypertension: blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, and therapy","volume":"28","author":"Daskalopoulou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00097-5","article-title":"Screening of Zulu medicinal plants for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors","volume":"68","author":"Duncan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-1978(02)00222-3","article-title":"Variation among three Crinum species in alkaloid content","volume":"31","author":"Elgorashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-1978(00)00096-X","article-title":"Alkaloids from Crinum macowanii","volume":"29","author":"Elgorashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(02)00164-8","article-title":"Organ-to-organ and seasonal variation in alkaloids from Crinum macowanii","volume":"73","author":"Elgorashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(03)00176-0","article-title":"Screening of medicinal plants used in South African traditional medicine for genotoxic effects","volume":"143","author":"Elgorashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.1021\/ol052086c","article-title":"A domino amidation route to indolines and indoles: rapid syntheses of anhydrolycorinone, hippadine, oxoassoanine, and pratosine","volume":"7","author":"Ganton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Organic Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32834db45d","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system: role in hypertension and in chronic kidney disease","volume":"21","author":"Grassi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Nephrology Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1999.0651","article-title":"Experimental models for the study of cardiovascular function and disease","volume":"41","author":"Hearse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1021\/jo035528b","article-title":"Development of an efficient procedure for indole ring synthesis from 2-ethynylaniline derivatives catalyzed by CuII salts and its application to natural product synthesis","volume":"69","author":"Hiroya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Organic Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-012-0208-9","article-title":"Differential control of efferent sympathetic activity revisited","volume":"62","author":"Iriki","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecm.2011.02.004","article-title":"Cardiovascular pharmacological actions of Rutaecarpine, a quinazolinocarboline alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa","volume":"3","author":"Jayakumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2011.01.012","article-title":"Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from the Australasian tribe Calostemmateae with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity","volume":"39","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1039\/c3np70005d","article-title":"Amaryllidaceae and Sceletium alkaloids","volume":"30","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Natural Product Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.10.029","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of tyramine: adrenergic and cholinergic interactions","volume":"579","author":"Khwanchuea","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1770","article-title":"Bio-guided isolation of cholinesterase inhibitors from the bulbs of Crinum x powellii","volume":"19","author":"Kissling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)00039-X","article-title":"Alkaloids and triterpenoids from Ammocharis coranica (Amaryllidaceae)","volume":"54","author":"Koorbanally","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00552.2012","article-title":"Lowering of blood pressure by chronic suppression of central sympathetic outflow: insight from prolonged baroreflex activation","volume":"113","author":"Lohmeier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5807","DOI":"10.1021\/jo060729b","article-title":"Comparative study of the Kumada, Negishi, Stille, and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions in the synthesis of the indole alkaloids hippadine and pratosine","volume":"71","author":"Mentzel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Organic Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib26","unstructured":"Mugabo, P., Davids, F., Mohamed, F., Burger, A., Cyster, L., 2001. Cardiovascular effects of Crinum macowanii on the isolated perfused rat heart. In: Proceedings of International Immunopharmacology Congress, pp. 17\u201321."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib27","first-page":"172","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of the alkaloid hippadine on the isolated perfused rat heart","volume":"2","author":"Mugabo","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-283","article-title":"Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Asystasia gangetica on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats","volume":"13","author":"Mugabo","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.07.028","article-title":"Isolation of narciprimine from Cyrtanthus contractus (Amaryllidaceae) and evaluation of its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity","volume":"137","author":"Nair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)00128-X","article-title":"Alkaloids from Crinum macowanii","volume":"54","author":"Nair","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.08.042","article-title":"Pharmacological and toxicological insights to the South African Amaryllidaceae","volume":"62","author":"Nair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.10.053","article-title":"Traditional usage, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the South African medicinal plant Boophone disticha (L.f.) Herb. (Amaryllidaceae)","volume":"151","author":"Nair","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib33","first-page":"264","article-title":"Antibacterial agents from the leaves of Crinum purpurascens herb (Amaryllidaceae)","volume":"9","author":"Nkanwen","year":"2009","journal-title":"African Health Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2010.06.004","article-title":"In vitro antiprotozoal activity of alkaloids from Phaedranassa dubia (Amaryllidaceae)","volume":"3","author":"Osorio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytochemistry Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2012.04.001","article-title":"The evolving role of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers in managing hypertension","volume":"28","author":"Poirier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.12.034","article-title":"Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats","volume":"140","author":"Raji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib37","first-page":"3091","article-title":"Crinum; an endless Source of bioactive principles: a Review, Part II. Crinum Alkaloids: Crinine-Type Alkaloids","volume":"3","author":"Refaat","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib38","first-page":"1883","article-title":"Crinum; an endless source of bioactive principles: a review. Part 1-crinum alkaloids: lycorine-type alkaloids","volume":"3","author":"Refaat","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib39","first-page":"3630","article-title":"Crinum; an endless source of bioactive principles: a review. Part III; crinum alkaloids: Belladine-, galanthamine-, lycorenine-, tazettine-type alkaloids and other minor types","volume":"3","author":"Refaat","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib40","first-page":"941","article-title":"Crinum; an endless source of bioactive principles: a review. Part IV: Non-alkaloidal constituents","volume":"4","author":"Refaat","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib41","first-page":"1239","article-title":"Crinum; an endless source of bioactive principles: a review. Part V: Biological profile","volume":"4","author":"Refaat","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.11.102","article-title":"Ergotamine-induced cardiovascular toxicity: mechanisms and clinical significance","volume":"141","author":"Rostoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib43","first-page":"14","article-title":"Long time regulation of arterial blood pressure: facts and hypothesis","volume":"44","author":"Tsyrlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Uspekhi Fiziologicheskikh Nauk"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2011.08.003","article-title":"The potential of South African plants in the development of new food and beverage products","volume":"77","author":"Van Wyk","year":"2011","journal-title":"South African Journal of Botany"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2011.08.011","article-title":"The potential of South African plants in the development of new medicinal products","volume":"77","author":"Van Wyk","year":"2011","journal-title":"South African Journal of Botany"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib46","series-title":"People\u05f3s Plants: A Guide to Useful Plants of Southern Africa","author":"Van Wyk","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib47","series-title":"Medicinal Plants of South Africa","author":"Van Wyk","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53491-0.00008-0","article-title":"Regulation of blood pressure by the arterial baroreflex and autonomic nervous system","volume":"117","author":"Wehrwein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874114007211?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874114007211?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T07:53:44Z","timestamp":1538121224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874114007211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0378874114007211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of hippadine on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}