{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:58:41Z","timestamp":1790891921800,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":221,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81173119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81173119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China","award":["U1130303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1130303"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2012ZX09103201-051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012ZX09103201-051"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2015ZX09501004-002-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015ZX09501004-002-002"]}]},{"name":"Technology Cooperation Projects of Science in Shanghai, China","award":["14495800200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14495800200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]],"date-time":"2017-03-28T03:16:49Z","timestamp":1490671009000},"page":"127-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the genus Peganum"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"Shuping","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Insecticidal activity of Peganum harmala seed extract against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella","volume":"63","author":"Abbasipour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull. Insectol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib2","first-page":"127","article-title":"Embryotoxicity of harmaline and harmalol hydrochloride on pregnant rats","volume":"5","author":"Adaay","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1021\/np50050a028","article-title":"Peganetin, a new branched acetylated tetraglycoside of acacetin from Peganum harmala","volume":"50","author":"Ahmed","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib4","first-page":"39","article-title":"Purification of antioxidant protein isolated from Peganum harmala and its protective effect against CCl4 toxicity in rats","volume":"37","author":"Ahmed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turk. J. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antibacterial activities of Peganum harmala (Harmal) seeds against pathogenic E. Coli strain","volume":"1","author":"Alamin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2016.01.025","article-title":"Evaluation of the diuretic and urinary electrolyte effects of methanolic extract of Peganum harmala L. in Wistar albino rats","volume":"23","author":"Al-Saikhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2528","article-title":"Effect of Peganum harmala or its beta-carboline alkaloids on certain antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria and protozoa from poultry","volume":"22","author":"Arshad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib8","first-page":"1573","article-title":"Chemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Peganum harmala L","volume":"6","author":"Asgarpanah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib9","first-page":"127","article-title":"Biotransformation of aromatic aldehydes by cell cultures of Peganum harmala L. and Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn","volume":"2","author":"Asghari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib10","first-page":"751","article-title":"Distribution and medicinal importance of Peganum harmala-a review","volume":"2","author":"Aslam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-008-0259-7","article-title":"Alkaloids from the seeds of Peganum harmala showing antiplasmodial and vasorelaxant activities","volume":"62","author":"Astulla","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib12","article-title":"Chemical screening identifies the beta-carboline alkaloid harmine to be synergistically lethal with doxorubicin","author":"Atteya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib13","first-page":"20","article-title":"Quantitative determination of vasicine and vasicinone in Adhatoda vasica by high performance capillary electrophoresis","volume":"63","author":"Avula","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(91)85312-N","article-title":"Isoharmine, a \u03b2-carboline alkaloid from Peganum harmala seeds","volume":"30","author":"Ayoub","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.14233\/ajchem.2014.16138","article-title":"Phytochemical, antibacterial and antifungal activities of alkaloids extracted from Peganum harmala (Linn.) seeds of south of Algeria","volume":"26","author":"Behidj-Benyounes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.03.070","article-title":"Inhibition of myeloperoxidase activity by the alkaloids of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae)","volume":"154","author":"Bensalem","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/783236","article-title":"Peganum harmala L. intoxication in a pregnant woman","volume":"2014","author":"Berdai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.58.7.0012","article-title":"Protective effects of Peganum harmala L. extract, harmine and harmaline against human low-density lipoprotein oxidation","volume":"58","author":"Berrougui","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2006.04.001","article-title":"Vasorelaxant effects of harmine and harmaline extracted from Peganum harmala L. seed's in isolated rat aorta","volume":"54","author":"Berrougui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000497550","article-title":"Ethnopharmacology forum medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes in Morocco","volume":"10","author":"Bnouham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib21","article-title":"Evaluation of the cytotoxic and cytostatic activities of alkaloid extracts from different parts of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae)","author":"Bournine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3109\/13813455.2015.1016974","article-title":"Hepatoprotective activity of Peganum harmala against ethanol-induced liver damages in rats","volume":"121","author":"Bourogaa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.04.035","article-title":"Assessing medicinal plants from South-Eastern Spain for potential anti-inflammatory effects targeting nuclear factor-Kappa B and other pro-inflammatory mediators","volume":"124","author":"Bremner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib24","first-page":"311","article-title":"Studies on the volatile constituents of Peganum three plants in China","volume":"25","author":"Cai","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. China Pharm. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(98)00168-8","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Hoasca alkaloids in healthy humans","volume":"65","author":"Callaway","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib26","first-page":"599","article-title":"Harmine induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells via mitochondrial signaling pathway","volume":"10","author":"Cao","year":"2011","journal-title":"HBPD Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2005.04.008","article-title":"Design, synthesis and in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of novel beta-carboline derivatives","volume":"40","author":"Cao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.10.121","article-title":"DNA binding properties of 9-substituted harmine derivatives","volume":"338","author":"Cao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406410666140613152434","article-title":"Seeds of Peganum harmala L. chemical analysis, antimalarial and antioxidant activities, and cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells","volume":"11","author":"Chabir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib30","first-page":"443","article-title":"Determination of harmine and harmaline in seeds of Peganum harmala genus by HPLC with fluorescence detection","volume":"39","author":"Cheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.1198","article-title":"HPLC fingerprints combined with principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and linear discriminant analysis for the classification and differentiation of Peganum sp. indigenous to China","volume":"21","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20703","article-title":"Antitumor and neurotoxic effects of novel harmine derivatives and structure-activity relationship analysis","volume":"114","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib33","series-title":"Drug Standards of the Ministry of Public Health of the People\u2019s Republic of China (Uygur Pharmaceutical Section)","first-page":"80","author":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib34","first-page":"252","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of different parts of Peganum harmala L. growing in Iran against multi-drug resistant bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Darabpour","year":"2011","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-009-0848-1","article-title":"Study on the effect of Peganum harmala extract on experimental skin wound healing in rat: pathological and biomechanical findings","volume":"19","author":"Derakhshanfar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comp. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib36","first-page":"5550","article-title":"Anti fungal activity of alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds","volume":"5","author":"Diba","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00567805","article-title":"A polarographic investigation of the alkaloids of Peganum harmala","volume":"12","author":"Dobronravova","year":"1976","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib38","first-page":"100","article-title":"Studies on the chemical constituents of Peganum multisectum Maxim flavonoids and alkaloids from aerial parts of plant","volume":"29","author":"Duan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. China Pharm. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib39","first-page":"21","article-title":"Studies on the chemical constituents of Peganum multisectum Maxim the alkaloids from seeds and antitumour activity","volume":"29","author":"Duan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. China Pharm. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8199","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB10.564","article-title":"Biological activities of Peganum harmala leaves","volume":"9","author":"Edziri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib41","first-page":"276","article-title":"Peganum harmala L: a poisonous plant of North Africa","volume":"33","author":"El-Bahri","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Hum. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.2174\/187231209790218163","article-title":"Peganum harmala L. differentially modulates cytochrome P450 gene expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells","volume":"3","author":"El-Gendy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib43","first-page":"144","article-title":"Studies on the constituents and pharmacological effects of Peganum","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Shenyang Coll. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2013.861993","article-title":"Chemical composition of Peganum harmala smoke and volatile oil","volume":"16","author":"Faridi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.10.014","article-title":"Evaluation of the analgesic effect of alkaloid extract of Peganum harmala L.: possible mechanisms involved","volume":"115","author":"Farouk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2005.08.005","article-title":"Antidepressant-like effect of harmane and other beta-carbolines in the mouse forced swim test","volume":"16","author":"Farzin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017524027513","article-title":"Alkaloids of Peganum harmala","volume":"36","author":"Faskhutdinov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1107\/S0108768104013564","article-title":"Structural features controlling the binding of \u03b2-carbolines to the benzodiazepine receptor","volume":"60","author":"Ferretti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B: Struct. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.07.021","article-title":"Acute harmine administration induces antidepressive-like effects and increases BDNF levels in the rat hippocampus","volume":"33","author":"Fortunato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0451-2","article-title":"Chronic administration of harmine elicits antidepressant-like effects and increases BDNF levels in rat hippocampus","volume":"117","author":"Fortunato","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2009.09.008","article-title":"Effects of beta-carboline harmine on behavioral and physiological parameters observed in the chronic mild stress model: further evidence of antidepressant properties","volume":"81","author":"Fortunato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6489","DOI":"10.1021\/jm300542e","article-title":"Novel trisubstituted harmine derivatives with original in vitro anticancer activity","volume":"55","author":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rick","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2008.05.003","article-title":"A case of beta-carboline alkaloid intoxication following ingestion of Peganum harmala seed extract","volume":"179","author":"Frison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib54","first-page":"4","article-title":"Effects of vasicine on construction of smooth muscle of isolated guinea pig trachea","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tianjin Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.01.057","article-title":"Harmane: an atypical neurotransmitter?","volume":"590","author":"Ghazaleh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2004.04.002","article-title":"In vitro activity of the \u03b2-carboline alkaloids harmane, harmine, and harmaline toward parasites of the species Leishmania infantum","volume":"106","author":"Giorgio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00148-9","article-title":"Binding of \u03b2-carbolines and related agents at serotonin (5-HT2 and 5-HT1A), dopamine (D2) and benzodiazepine receptors","volume":"60","author":"Glennon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.06.073","article-title":"Capillary liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometry detection for heterocyclic aromatic amine determination in ready-to-eat food treated with electron-beam irradiation","volume":"1217","author":"Gonzalo-Lumbreras","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2006.05.004","article-title":"Design of beta-carboline derivatives as DNA-targeting antitumor agents","volume":"41","author":"Guan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1080\/152873901753246241","article-title":"Toxicokinetics of tremorogenic natural products, harmane and harmine, in male Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"64","author":"Guan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2015.07.123","article-title":"A thin-layer chromatography-bioautographic method for detecting dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors in plants","volume":"1411","author":"Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib62","first-page":"73","article-title":"Protective effects of Peganum harmala extracts on thiourea-induced diseases in adult male rat","volume":"29","author":"Hamden","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Environ. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.09.010","article-title":"Harmine inhibits tumour specific neo-vessel formation by regulating VEGF, MMP, TIMP and pro-inflammatory mediators both in vivo and in vitro","volume":"649","author":"Hamsa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2012.10.016","article-title":"Novel chondrogenic and chondroprotective effects of the natural compound harmine","volume":"95","author":"Hara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.10.037","article-title":"Effects of harmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on spatial learning and memory of APP\/PS1 transgenic mice and scopolamine-induced memory impairment mice","volume":"768","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.51.646","article-title":"Microbial metabolites of harman alkaloids","volume":"51","author":"Herath","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.12.019","article-title":"Beta-carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO)","volume":"48","author":"Herraiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1021\/tx8002565","article-title":"Oxidative metabolism of the bioactive and naturally occurring beta-carboline alkaloids, norharman and harman, by human cytochrome P450 enzymes","volume":"21","author":"Herraiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(71)90363-7","article-title":"Metabolism of harmaline in rats","volume":"20","author":"Ho","year":"1971","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib70","first-page":"23","article-title":"Evaluation of hydro-alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala on pituitary-thyroid hormones in adult male rats","volume":"14","author":"Hossini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Armaghane Danesh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200410163","article-title":"Capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry: a case study","volume":"26","author":"Huhn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00123-5","article-title":"\u03b2-Carboline binding to imidazoline receptors","volume":"64","author":"Husbands","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2008.11.008","article-title":"Antiplatelet activity of beta-carboline alkaloids from Perganum harmala: a possible mechanism through inhibiting PLC\u03b32 phosphorylation","volume":"50","author":"Im","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2005.04.035","article-title":"Xanthomicrol is the main cytotoxic component of Dracocephalum kotschyii and a potential anti-cancer agent","volume":"66","author":"Jahaniani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5812\/pedinfect.18098","article-title":"Antimicrobial effects of folk medicinal plants from the north of Iran against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"3","author":"Jahanpour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5564\/mjc.v16i0.668","article-title":"Alkaloids from Mongolian species of Peganum multisectum (Maxim) Bobrov","volume":"16","author":"Javzan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mong. J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.03.017","article-title":"Insecticidal effects of extracts of seven plant species on larval development, alpha-amylase activity and offspring production of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","volume":"99","author":"Jbilou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2015.07.029","article-title":"Inhibitive activities detection of monoamine oxidases (MAO) A and B inhibitors in human liver MAO incubations by UPLC-ESI-MS\/MS","volume":"115","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2007.12.003","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of the \u03b2-carboline alkaloids harmine and harmaline in human cell assays in vitro","volume":"60","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib80","first-page":"41","article-title":"Determination of total protein conents from medicinal plants (Zygophyllaceae) famaily found in Pakistan","volume":"47","author":"Kabir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sindh Univ. Res. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2009.03.039","article-title":"Peganine hydrochloride dihydrate an orally active antileishmanial agent","volume":"19","author":"Khaliq","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.05.003","article-title":"Recent pharmacological developments in \u03b2-carboline alkaloid \"harmaline\"","volume":"721","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.52.394","article-title":"Transport of harman alkaloids across Caco-2 cell monolayers","volume":"52","author":"Khan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.01.004","article-title":"Composition and anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia herba-alba, Ruta chalpensis L. and Peganum harmala L","volume":"55","author":"Khlifi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2013.12.031","article-title":"Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by granular and powdered Peganum harmala","volume":"292","author":"Khosravi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib86","first-page":"11","article-title":"Peganum harmala seed extract can prevent HSV-1 replication in vitro","volume":"2","author":"Kiani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iran. J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1996.9771","article-title":"Inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by \u03b2-carboline derivatives","volume":"337","author":"Kim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7389864","article-title":"Evaluation of antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Peganum harmala seeds in diabetic rats","volume":"2016","author":"Komeili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cholesterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.7324\/JAPS.2015.50510","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory activities of Peganum harmala Linn., seeds in rodents","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2004.04.079","article-title":"Efficient one-pot synthesis of anti-HIV and anti-tumour \u03b2-carbolines","volume":"60","author":"Kusurkar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(03)01046-3","article-title":"Efficient one-pot synthesis of anti HIV and antitumor compounds: harman and substituted harmans","volume":"44","author":"Kusurkar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib92","first-page":"123","article-title":"Experimental toxicity of Peganum harmala seeds","volume":"60","author":"Lamchouri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Pharm. Fr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1007\/s11164-012-0752-1","article-title":"Quantitative structure-activity relationship of antitumor and neurotoxic \u03b2-carbolines alkaloids: nine harmine derivatives","volume":"39","author":"Lamchouri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Chem. Intermed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib94","first-page":"27","article-title":"Isolation and identification of anticancerous chemical component in Peganum L. and their pharmacologic experimental research","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Xinjiang Med. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.01.003","article-title":"Metabolites identification of harmane in vitro\/in vivo in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib96","article-title":"Interspecies metabolic diversity of harmaline and harmine in in vitro 11 mammalian liver microsomes","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2015.1127978","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic study of harmane and its 10 metabolites in rat after intravenous and oral administration by UPLC-ESI-MS\/MS","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.6.8.4382","article-title":"DH334, a \u03b2-carboline anti-cancer drug, Inhibits the CDK activity of budding yeast","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib99","series-title":"Study on the Chemical Constituents of Above Ground of Peganum harmala L\u00a0(Master Dissertation)","author":"Li","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib100","first-page":"1242","article-title":"Study on the separation and determination and ultrasonic extraction of free amino acids in the Peganum harmala herb by HPLC","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Xinjiang Med. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib101","first-page":"81","article-title":"Preparation and determination of total bases of harmala in granule","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Xinjiang Med. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib102","first-page":"420","article-title":"Quality standard for alkaliod extract of Peganum harmala L","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1556\/AChrom.25.2013.2.2","article-title":"Characterization and determination of trace alkaloids in seeds extracts from Peganum harmala Linn. Using LC-ESI-MS and HPLC","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib104","series-title":"Studies on the Mechanism of Improving Learning and Memory and the Effect of Antitussive, Bronchodilating of Aerial Parts of Peganum harmala and its Active Constituents\u00a0(Doctoral Dissertation)","author":"Liu","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.12.046","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of the antitussive, expectorant and bronchodilating effects of extract and fractions from aerial parts of Peganum harmala linn","volume":"162","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib106","first-page":"386","article-title":"Vasicine: research advances in resources, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and analysis methods","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Int. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78336","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA12547B","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of vasicine and its major metabolites in rat plasma by UPLC-MS\/MS and its application to in vivo pharmacokinetic studies","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/2818302","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo metabolism and inhibitory activities of vasicine, a potent acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.08.005","article-title":"Antitussive, expectorant, and bronchodilating effects of quinazoline alkaloids (\u00b1)-vasicine, deoxyvasicine, and (\u00b1)-vasicinone from aerial parts of Peganum harmala Linn","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.02.004","article-title":"Rapid and sensitive detection of the inhibitive activities of acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterases inhibitors by UPLC-ESI-MS\/MS","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2010.08.003","article-title":"Relationship between blood harmane and harmine concentrations in familial essential tremor, sporadic essential tremor and controls","volume":"31","author":"Louis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib112","first-page":"131","article-title":"The species and distribution of genus Peganum L. in the desert area of China","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Desert Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib113","first-page":"44","article-title":"Amino acid components in leaves of Peganum and the relationship with species' resistance to adverse environment","volume":"17","author":"Ma","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Desert Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gms094","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a novel antifungal protein with antiproliferation and anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activities from Peganum harmala seeds","volume":"45","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(99)00440-9","article-title":"Alkaloids and phenylpropanoids from Peganum nigellastrum","volume":"53","author":"Ma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1021\/np990227b","article-title":"Three new triterpenoids from Peganum nigellastrum","volume":"63","author":"Ma","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020701611636","article-title":"Triterpenoids from Peganum nigellastrum","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.9734\/EJMP\/2015\/13267","article-title":"In vitro evaluations of cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of Peganum harmala seed sxtracts in THP-1-derived macrophages","volume":"5","author":"Mahajna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib119","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toxicity of Peganum harmala: review and a case report","volume":"1","author":"Mahmoudian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib120","first-page":"104","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative analysis by HPLC of major Peganum harmala alkaloids at different stages of development","volume":"3","author":"Mayad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nat. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.09.001","article-title":"Harmine treatment enhances short-term memory in old rats: dissociation of cognition and the ability to perform the procedural requirements of maze testing","volume":"138","author":"Mennenga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.06.023","article-title":"High-affinity binding of beta-carbolines to imidazoline I2B receptors and MAO-A in rat tissues: norharman blocks the effect of morphine withdrawal on DOPA\/noradrenaline synthesis in the brain","volume":"518","author":"Miralles","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2007.45.4.267","article-title":"Treatment of natural tropical theileriosis with the extract of the plant Peganum harmala","volume":"45","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v73i2.162","article-title":"Treatment of natural ovine malignant theileriosis with a chloroform extract of the plant Peganum harmala: research communication","volume":"73","author":"Mirzaiedehaghi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib125","first-page":"365","article-title":"Antileishmanial activity of Peganum harmala extract on the in vitro growth of Leishmania major promastigotes in comparison to a trivalent antimony drug","volume":"77","author":"Mirzaie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Arh."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib126","first-page":"585","article-title":"Effect of repeated administration of Peganum harmala alcoholic extract on the liver and kidney in Albino mice: a histo-pathological study","volume":"2","author":"Mohamed","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sci. Innov. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(10)60063-6","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of eight Iranian plant extracts against methicillin and cefixime restistant Staphylococcous aureus strains","volume":"3","author":"Moghadam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.120524","article-title":"Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Peganum harmala and its main alkaloids","volume":"7","author":"Moloudizargari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib129","first-page":"65","article-title":"Antinociceptive effects of Peganum harmala L. alkaloid extract on mouse formalin test","volume":"7","author":"Monsef","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib130","first-page":"288","article-title":"Peganum harmala intoxication, a case report","volume":"3","author":"Moshiri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Avicenna J. Phytomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gem016","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of beta-carboline alkaloids are related to their antimutagenic and antigenotoxic activities","volume":"22","author":"Moura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2015.04.013","article-title":"Fatty acid constituents of Peganum harmala plant using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy","volume":"23","author":"Moussa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410802076291","article-title":"Floral nectar composition of Peganum harmala L","volume":"23","author":"Movafeghi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib134","first-page":"494","article-title":"Acute toxicological studies on the extract of Iraqi Peganum harmala in rats","volume":"22","author":"Muhi-eldeen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703142","article-title":"Harmane produces hypotension following microinjection into the RVLM: possible role of I1-imidazoline receptors","volume":"129","author":"Musgrave","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib136","first-page":"822","article-title":"Possible antidiabetic effect of Peganum harmala on streptozocine-induced mouse","volume":"14","author":"Nafisi","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Appl. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2010.05.005","article-title":"\u03b2-Carboline alkaloids bind DNA","volume":"100","author":"Nafisi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.09.004","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and biotransformation of \u03b2-carboline alkaloids, harmine and harmaline, on isolated rat hepatocytes","volume":"188","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. -Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2010.04.004","article-title":"Antibacterial and antifungal activities of (beta)-carboline alkaloids of Peganum harmala (L) seeds and their combination effects","volume":"81","author":"Nenaah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspr.2011.04.004","article-title":"Toxicity and growth inhibitory activities of methanol extract and the \u03b2-carboline alkaloids of Peganum harmala L. against two coleopteran stored-grain pests","volume":"47","author":"Nenaah","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stored Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6272(15)30016-9","article-title":"Medicinal properties of Peganum harmala L. in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy: a review","volume":"35","author":"Niroumand","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib142","first-page":"192","article-title":"The antitumor effect of indole alkaliod from Peganum harmala L","volume":"4","author":"Pan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60116-6","article-title":"A review on medicinal importance, pharmacological activity and bioanalytical aspects of beta-carboline alkaloid \"Harmine\"","volume":"2","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.02.010","article-title":"Areca catechu L. (Arecaceae): a review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology","volume":"164","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(97)00116-4","article-title":"Genotoxic effects of structurally related \u03b2-carboline alkaloids","volume":"379","author":"Picada","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200800128","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of thirteen plant alkaloids in a human specimen by SPE and HPLC","volume":"31","author":"Pietsch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib147","first-page":"47","article-title":"The hypoglycemic effects of an ethanol extract of Peganum harmala in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"10","author":"Porbarkhordari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib148","first-page":"99","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antibacterial, antitubercular activities of Peganum harmala Linn., seeds","volume":"5","author":"Pradeep-Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/91.5.1179","article-title":"High performance thin layer chromatography densitometric method for the quantification of harmine, harmaline, vasicine, and vasicinone in Peganum harmala","volume":"91","author":"Pulpati","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib150","first-page":"1535","article-title":"The effect of low levels of dietary Peganum harmala L. and Ballota undulata or their mixture on chicks","volume":"8","author":"Qazan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Vet. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib151","first-page":"1032","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo activities of Peganum harmala extract against Leishmania major","volume":"16","author":"Rahimi-Moghaddam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib152","first-page":"275","article-title":"Peganum harmala L. extract reduces oxidative stress and improves symptoms in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease in rats","volume":"15","author":"Rezaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib153","first-page":"27","article-title":"Effects of some \u03b2-carboline alkaloids on intact Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes","volume":"122","author":"Rivas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Phys. Part C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00498436","article-title":"1-Methyl-\u03b2-carboline (harmane), a potent endogenous inhibitor of benzodiazepine receptor binding","volume":"314","author":"Rommelspacher","year":"1980","journal-title":"N-S. Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-58392012000100023","article-title":"Toxic and repellent effect of harmal (Peganum harmala L.) acetonic extract on several aphids and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)","volume":"72","author":"Salari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chil. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib156","series-title":"Insecticidal Activity of Harmala Alkaloids from Peganum harmala Against Spurge Hawk Moth (Hyles Euphorbiae)\u00a0(Master Dissertation)","author":"Saryyeva","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(15)60967-7","article-title":"Evaluation of phytochemical constituents by GC-MS and antidepressant activity of Peganum harmala L. seeds extract","volume":"5","author":"Sassoui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib158","first-page":"725","article-title":"Antibacterial activities, chemical constitutes and acute toxicity of Egyptian Origanum majorana L., Peganum harmala L. and Salvia officinalis L. essential oils","volume":"7","author":"Selim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2015.08.007","article-title":"Peganum harmala L.\u2019s anti-growth effect on a breast cancer cell line","volume":"8","author":"Shabani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2005-9-1008","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity and main chemical composition of two smoke condensates from Peganum harmala seeds","volume":"60","author":"Shahverdi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Z. f\u00fcr Nat. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.05.010","article-title":"Melissa officinalis L. - A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology","volume":"188","author":"Shakeri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.07.057","article-title":"Microwave-assisted extraction of three bioactive alkaloids from Peganum harmala L. and their acaricidal activity against Psoroptes cuniculi in vitro","volume":"192","author":"Shang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib163","first-page":"2497","article-title":"Selection of methyl esterification for quantitative analysis of fatty acids from seeds of Peganum harmala","volume":"36","author":"Shan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tradit. Chin. Pat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(89)90006-8","article-title":"Abortifacient potential for the epigeal parts of Peganum harmala","volume":"27","author":"Shapira","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(96)00531-6","article-title":"Four flavonoid glycosides from Peganum harmala","volume":"44","author":"Sharaf","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.85.299","article-title":"Comparative study on the vasorelaxant effects of three harmala alkaloids in vitro","volume":"85","author":"Shi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib167","first-page":"1169","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of harmaline, harmine and their metabolites in rats administered with total alkaloid extracts from Peganum harmala L","volume":"36","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-695X2003000400012","article-title":"Evaluation of the cardiovascular effects of vasicine, an alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Sida cordifolia L.(Malvaceae)","volume":"13","author":"Silveira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farmacogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-008-0086-3","article-title":"Preliminary studies on the hypoglycemic effect of Peganum harmala L. seeds ethanol extract on normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats","volume":"23","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib170","first-page":"19","article-title":"An in vitro evaluation of human DNA topoisomerase I inhibition by Peganum harmala L. seeds extract and its a-carboline alkaloids","volume":"5","author":"Sobhani","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(13)60058-9","article-title":"Efficacy evaluation of the protein isolated from Peganum harmala seeds as an antioxidant in liver of rats","volume":"6","author":"Soliman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706024","article-title":"Modulation of voltage-gated channel currents by harmaline and harmane","volume":"144","author":"Splettstoesser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2014.08.007","article-title":"New electrochemical method for the determination of \u03b2-carboline alkaloids, harmalol and harmine, in human urine samples and in Banisteriopsis caapi","volume":"118","author":"Stankovi\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib174","first-page":"121","article-title":"Volatile constituents of Peganum harmala (Zygophyllaceae)","volume":"145","author":"Tahrouch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Bot. Gall."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-015-8579-4","article-title":"Fast determination of harmala alkaloids in edible algae by capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry","volume":"407","author":"Tascon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib176","article-title":"A rapid and simple method for the determination of psychoactive alkaloids by CE-UV: application to Peganum harmala seed infusions","author":"Tascon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(91)90305-O","article-title":"Antioxidative properties of harmane and \u03b2-carboline alkaloids","volume":"42","author":"Tse-Susanna","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)06611-5","article-title":"Metabolism of the beta-carbolines, harmine and harmol, by liver microsomes from phenobarbitone- or 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice. Identification and quantitation of two novel harmine metabolites","volume":"15","author":"Tweedie","year":"1987","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.03.010","article-title":"The small molecule harmine is an antidiabetic cell-type-specific regulator of PPAR\u03b3 expression","volume":"5","author":"Waki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib180","first-page":"422","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of Peganum harmala L. seeds extract and its \u03b2-carboline alkaloids on the activity of DNA topoisomerase II in vitro","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib181","first-page":"46","article-title":"An investigation on the species, distribution, and ecotope of Peganum harmala in Xinjiang","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Guangdong Trace Elem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib182","first-page":"211","article-title":"Analysis of harmine and harmaline of Peganum harmala in different parts and different localities","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin. Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib183","first-page":"72","article-title":"Identification of Peganum harmala and Peganum nigellastrum by high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Xinjiang Med. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib184","first-page":"558","article-title":"Determination of dissociation constant (pKa) of harmine hydrochloride by isomolarity UV spectrophotometry","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2015.1042373","article-title":"Antitumor quinazoline alkaloids from the seeds of Peganum harmala","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201500384","article-title":"Cytotoxic constituents and mechanism from Peganum harmala","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4507","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7114507","article-title":"Cytotoxic indole alkaloids against human leukemia cell lines from the toxic plant Peganum harmala","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib188","first-page":"225","article-title":"Determination of equilibrium solubility and dissolution rate constant of harmine hydrochloride","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4028","DOI":"10.1021\/ol501856v","article-title":"Peganumine A, a \u03b2-carboline dimer with a new octacyclic scaffold from Peganum harmala","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.6b01560","article-title":"A series of \u03b2-carboline alkaloids from the seeds of Peganum harmala show G-quadruplex interactions","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53725","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA07985J","article-title":"Pegaharmalines A and B, two novel \u03b2-carboline alkaloids with unprecedented carbon skeletons from Peganum harmala","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3820","article-title":"A high-throughput chemical screen reveals that harmine-mediated inhibition of DYRK1A increases human pancreatic beta cell replication","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18613","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18613","article-title":"Novel mechanism of harmaline on inducing G2\/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by up-regulating Fas\/FasL in SGC-7901 cells","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib194","series-title":"Investigation on Quality Standard of Peganum harmala Herba\u00a0(Master Dissertation)","author":"Wen","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3218","article-title":"Chemical fingerprint and simultaneous determination of alkaloids and flavonoids in aerial parts of genus Peganum indigenous to China based on HPLC-UV: application of analysis on secondary metabolites accumulation","volume":"28","author":"Wen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib196","first-page":"2971","article-title":"Research on quality standards of herbs of Peganum harmala","volume":"37","author":"Wen","year":"2012","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1009.2010.00199","article-title":"Chemical Constituents from the aerial part of Peganum nigellastrum","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-010-9667-5","article-title":"A new flavone glycoside from the aerial part of Peganum nigellastrum","volume":"46","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib199","first-page":"170","article-title":"Study on the toxicity of total alkaloid of Peganum harmala","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acad. J. Sun Yat-Sen Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib200","series-title":"Cholinesterase inhibitive activity-guided isolation of chemical constituents from Peganum harmala seeds\u00a0(Master Dissertation)","author":"Yang","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.03.070","article-title":"Potent AChE and BChE inhibitors isolated from seeds of Peganum harmala Linn by a bioassay-guided fractionation","volume":"168","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15976","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA00086J","article-title":"Peganumine BI and two enantiomers: new alkaloids from the seeds of Peganum harmala Linn. and their potential cytotoxicity and cholinesterase inhibitory activities","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib203","first-page":"106","article-title":"Research on quality specification of the seeds of Peganum harmala L. of a Uygur traditional medicine","volume":"49","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2014.946057","article-title":"In vitro inhibition of angiogenesis by heat and low pH stable hydroalcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds via inhibition of cell proliferation and suppression of VEGF secretion","volume":"53","author":"Yavari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(02)00397-5","article-title":"Determination of N, N-dimethyltryptamine and \u03b2-carboline alkaloids in human plasma following oral administration of Ayahuasca","volume":"779","author":"Yritia","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.047050","article-title":"Contribution of individual cytochrome P450 isozymes to the O-demethylation of the psychotropic beta-carboline alkaloids harmaline and harmine","volume":"305","author":"Yu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650701323205","article-title":"Syrian rue tea: a recipe for disaster","volume":"46","author":"Yuruktumen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02978835","article-title":"A study on the antitumoral and differentiation effects of Peganum harmala derivatives in combination with ATRA on leukaemic cells","volume":"30","author":"Zaker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-012-0107-x","article-title":"Adsorption of lead, zinc and cadmium ions from contaminated water onto Peganum harmala seeds as biosorbent","volume":"10","author":"Zamani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bfopcu.2011.07.002","article-title":"Efficient in vitro elicitation of \u03b2-carboline alkaloids in transformed root cultures of Peganum harmala","volume":"49","author":"Zayed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Fac. Pharm. Cairo Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00498996","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics in the rat of the hallucinogenic alkaloids harmine and harmaline","volume":"285","author":"Zetler","year":"1974","journal-title":"N-S. Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2013.07.019","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of harmine, harmaline and their metabolites harmol and harmalol in beagle dog plasma by UPLC-ESI-MS\/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib213","series-title":"Researches on the Biological Activity, Metabolism of Active Consituents, and Quality Evaluation of the Plants of Genus Peganum (Doctoral Dissertation)","author":"Zhao","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/717232","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of \u03b2-carboline and quinoline alkaloids derivatives from the plants of genus Peganum","volume":"2013","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3458","article-title":"Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes 3A4 and 2D6 by beta-carboline alkaloids, harmine derivatives","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib216","first-page":"333","article-title":"Chemical consitiuents and pharmacologic actions of genus Peganum: research advances","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Int. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1438-8677.2011.00455.x","article-title":"Classification and differentiation of the genus Peganum indigenous to China based on chloroplast trnL-F and psbA-trnH sequences and seed coat morphology","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.03.024","article-title":"Metabolic pathways of the psychotropic-carboline alkaloids, harmaline and harmine, by liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy","volume":"134","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1556\/JPC.24.2011.6.3","article-title":"Identification of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from seeds of plants of genus Peganum by thin-layer chromatography-bioautography","volume":"24","author":"Zheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Planar Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-009-1910-x","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase inhibitive activity-guided isolation of two new alkaloids from seeds of Peganum nigellastrum Bunge by an in vitro TLC- bioautographic assay","volume":"32","author":"Zheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1021\/ol303331g","article-title":"Direct one-pot synthesis of Luotonin F and analogues via rational logical design","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Org. Lett."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874116321663?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874116321663?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T14:22:48Z","timestamp":1750170168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874116321663"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":221,"alternative-id":["S0378874116321663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the genus Peganum","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}