{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:43:46Z","timestamp":1786992226911,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Naturschutz (BfN)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]],"date-time":"2018-05-07T23:36:06Z","timestamp":1525736166000},"page":"22-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Rising trade, declining stocks: The global gugul ( Commiphora wightii ) trade"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"A.B.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.A.","family":"Brinckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.N.","family":"Kulloli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Schippmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib1","first-page":"4039","article-title":"Combating desertification effects by participatory action and In-situ conservation of Commiphora wightii: an endangered medicinal shrub in nagarparkar hills of tharparkar, Pakistan","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. inEnvironmental Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-393X(00)88517-3","article-title":"Effects of a standardized guggulsterone phosphate supplement on body composition in overweight adults: a pilot study","volume":"60","author":"Antonio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr. Ther. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib3","unstructured":"Arya, R., Nirwan, B., Meena, K., 2011. Ethephon based gum tapping technique for sustainable gum harvesting from Guggul (Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari) in arid Rajasthan. Gandhinaga, s.n."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02873167","article-title":"Commiphora mukul: source of guggal in Indian systems of medicine","volume":"29","author":"Atal","year":"1975","journal-title":"Econ. Bot."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-750X(02)00126-2","article-title":"Why local resources management institutions decline: a comparative analysis of Van (Forest) panchayats and forest protection committees in India","volume":"30","author":"Ballabh","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib6","series-title":"Illustrated Polyglottic Dictionary of Plant Names","author":"Bedevian","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib7","first-page":"327","article-title":"Notes on Indian desert plants 4 - new names and combinations","volume":"6","author":"Bhandari","year":"1964","journal-title":"Bull. Bot. Surv. India"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib8","first-page":"51","article-title":"A preliminary study on extensive cultivation of guggul at Mangliawas herbal farm, Ajmer, Rajasthan","volume":"9","author":"Bhatt","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Res. Indian Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib9","first-page":"349","article-title":"Enhancement of oleo-gum resin production in C. wightii by improved tapping technique","volume":"58","author":"Bhatt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-005-6974-4","article-title":"Conservation and documentation of the medicinal plant resources of India","volume":"15","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib11","series-title":"A revised survey of the forest types of India","author":"Champion","year":"1968"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib12","first-page":"73","article-title":"Pharmacological properties of Commiphora wightii Arn. Bhandari - an overview","volume":"4","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conroy, C., Mishra, A. & Rai, A., 2002. Learning from self-initiated community forest management in Orissa, India. 4(3), pp. 227-237.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9341(01)00068-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib14","first-page":"81","article-title":"Observation on distribution and habitat characteristics of Gugal (Commiphora wightii) in the arid region of Kachchh, Gujarat, India","volume":"41","author":"Dixit","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trop. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib15","series-title":"American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook","author":"Gardner","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2011.07.004","article-title":"Dietary phytochemicals and their potential effects on obesity: a review","volume":"64","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Castej\u00f3n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1006\/anbo.1996.0097","article-title":"Apomixis and polyembryony in the guggul plant","volume":"78","author":"Gupta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Commiphora\u00a0wightii. Ann. Bot."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1006\/anbo.1998.0598","article-title":"Pollen-pistil Interaction in a Non-pseudogamous Apomict, Commiphora wightii","volume":"81","author":"Gupta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib19","unstructured":"India Biodiversity Portal, 2015. Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari. [Online]Available at: \u3008http:\/\/indiabiodiversity.org\/species\/show\/226901\u3009 (accessed 2015)."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.11609\/JoTT.o2410.2390-7","article-title":"Ecology and conservation of threatened plants in Tapkeshwari Hill ranges in the Kachchh Island, Gujarat, India","volume":"4","author":"Joshi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Threat. Taxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib21","series-title":"Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants","author":"Kapoor","year":"1990"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib22","first-page":"466","article-title":"Salai Guggul from Boswellia serrata Roxb.-its exploitation and utilization","volume":"103","author":"Krishna-Murthy","year":"1977","journal-title":"Indian For."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722-012-9854-2","article-title":"Problems, progress and future prospects of improvement of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, an endangered herbal magic, through modern biotechnological tools: a review","volume":"59","author":"Kulhari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genet. Resour. Crop Evol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib24","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Survey, collection and conservation of Commiphora wightii (ARN.) Bhandari-an important medicinal plant heading towards extinction","volume":"140","author":"Kulhari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian For."},{"issue":"SP","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5958\/j.2229-4473.26.2s.129","article-title":"Distribution of Commiphora wightii in rajasthan with special emphasis on its conservation planning in arid areas","volume":"26","author":"Kulloli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vegetos"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR2013.2587","article-title":"Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari: a threatened plant of conservation concern","volume":"7","author":"Kulloli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib27","series-title":"Sustainable Development and Biodiversity - Issues, Technology and Innovation. s.l.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-06904-3_13","article-title":"Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari in the Indian Desert: biology, Distribution and Threat Status","author":"Kulloli","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.5194\/isprsarchives-XL-8-589-2014","article-title":"Comparison of Bioclimatic, NDVI and Elevation variables in assessing extent of Commiphora wightii (Arnt.) Bhand","volume":"Volume XL-8","author":"Kulloli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm., Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib29","first-page":"15","article-title":"Ex-situ conservation of an arid threatened species Commiphora wightii (Arnt.) Bhand. Through seeds","volume":"29","author":"Kulloli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Trop. For."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib30","unstructured":"Kulloli, R., Kumar, S., Jindal, S., Singh, M., 2015. Standardization of duration of suberisation ( = callusing) of stem cuttings of C. wightii, an endangered species for large scale multiplication. New Forests, Issue Manuscript No - TFTL-NEFO-D-15-00037."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib31","first-page":"531","article-title":"Status and distribution range of guggal: a critically endangered medicinal plant from the Indian Thar Desert","volume":"76","author":"Lal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Cult."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib32","first-page":"1346","article-title":"Myths and facts of guggal gum tapping","volume":"137","author":"Mandal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian For."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(02)00388-6","article-title":"Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production by the oleogum resin of Commiphora wightii and its constituents","volume":"62","author":"Meselhy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib34","unstructured":"Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India, 2012. ITC (HS), 2012, Schedule 1 \u2013 Import Policy. [Online]Available at: \u3008http:\/\/dgft.gov.in\/Exim\/2000\/NOT\/itc(hs)\/ch12.pdf\u3009 (accessed 29 August 2015)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib35","series-title":"PUBLIC NOTICE No. 47 (PN)\/92-97","author":"Ministry of Commerce, Government of India","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib36","unstructured":"Ministry of Commerce, Government of India, 2005. PUBLIC NOTICE NO. 47 (RE-2005) \/2004\u20132009. [Online]Available at: \u3008http:\/\/dgft.gov.in\/exim\/2000\/pn\/pn05%5Cpn4705.htm\u3009 (accessed 29 August 2015)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/00837792.2012.10670909","article-title":"to the Flora of Central-Southern Dhofar (Sultanate of Oman)","volume":"67","author":"Mosti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Webbia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib38","series-title":"Indian Materia Medica","author":"Nadkarni","year":"1954"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib39","series-title":"Availability of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants\/Herbs","author":"Naik","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib40","series-title":"Agro-techniques of selected medicinal plants","author":"National Medicinal Plants Board","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib41","unstructured":"National Medicinal Plants Board, n.d. Agro Climatic Zones. [Online] Available at: http:\/\/www.nmpb.nic.in\/searchdetails.php?lid=311&skey=agro (Accessed 28 August 2015)."},{"issue":"9945","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"384","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib43","first-page":"77","article-title":"Loss of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari in Indian Desert","volume":"45","author":"Parmar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull. Bot. Surv. India"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(01)93577-X","article-title":"Chemistry of Ayurvedic crude drugs. I. Guggulu (resin from Commiphora mukul). 1. Steroidal constituents","volume":"28","author":"Patil","year":"1972","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib45","series-title":"Report of Task Force on Conservation and Sustainable use of Medicinal Plants","author":"Planning Commission","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib46","first-page":"43","article-title":"Distribution and abundance of Commiphora wightii (Arn) Bhandari, in the forest of north Gujarat region (NGR), Gujarat, India","volume":"2","author":"Rajendrakumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/868573","article-title":"Rising burden of obesity in Asia","volume":"2010","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Obes."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib48","first-page":"288","article-title":"Conservation threat assessment of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari\u2014an economically important species","volume":"57","author":"Reddy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Taiwania"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s11676-014-0509-3","article-title":"Scientific analysis of indigenous techniques for guggal (Commiphora wightii) tapping in India","volume":"25","author":"Samanta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib50","article-title":"Assessment of genetic diversity using RAPD and ISSR markers in guggul (Commiphora wightii)","author":"Samantaray","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Aromat. Plants"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.07.021","article-title":"Effects of guggulsterone isolated from Commiphora mukul in high fat diet induced diabetic rats","volume":"47","author":"Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib52","first-page":"384","article-title":"A clinical assessment of Commiphora mukul (juggulu) and Inula racemosa (pushkarmoola) for the treatment of coronary heart disease (hridroga)","volume":"25","author":"Sharma","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Natl. Integr. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib53","first-page":"77","article-title":"Traditional uses of herbal medicinal plants of Rajasthan: guggal","volume":"2","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Sci. Pharma Reserch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib54","series-title":"Pakistan - First National Report on the Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity, s.l.: united Nations","author":"Sheikh","year":"2000"},{"issue":"71","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib55","article-title":"Economic benefits of high value medicinal plants to Pakistani communities: an analysis of current practice and potential","volume":"10","author":"Sher","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib56","first-page":"27","article-title":"Conservation of Commiphora wightii an endangered medicinal shrub, through propagation planting, and education awareness program in the Aravali Hills of Rajasthan, India","volume":"7","author":"Soni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Conserv. Evid."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib57","first-page":"40","article-title":"Commiphora wightii. An important medicinal plant species","volume":"12","author":"Soni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Plant Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib58","series-title":"The ayurvedic medicine industry: current status and sustainability","author":"Subrat","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib59","unstructured":"The Plant List, 2013. Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari. [Online]Available at: \u3008http:\/\/www.theplantlist.org\/tpl1.1\/record\/kew-2733729\u3009 (accessed 24 August 2015)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib60","unstructured":"Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, n.d. Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari. [Online] Available at: http:\/\/www.tropicos.org\/Name\/50313440?projectid=32 (Accessed 28 August 2015)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib61","series-title":"United States Pharmacopeia, Thirty-Eighth Revision","author":"United States Pharmacopeial Convention","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib62","unstructured":"USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, n.d. Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari. [Online] Available at: http:\/\/www.ars-grin.gov\/cgi-bin\/npgs\/html\/taxon.pl?406462 (Accessed 24 August 2015)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib63","series-title":"Demand and Supply of Medicinal Plants in India","author":"Ved","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib64","unstructured":"Ved, D., Saha, D., Ravikumar, K., Haridasan, K., 2015. Commiphora wightii. [Online]Available at: \u3008http:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/details\/full\/31231\/0\u3009 (accessed 26 July 2015)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib65","series-title":"Priorities for Medicinal Plants Research and Development in Pakistan","author":"Williams","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib66","unstructured":"Yadav, B., Billore, K., Joseph, J., Chaturvedy, D., 1999. Cultivation of Guggulu. Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha. New Delhi."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib67","series-title":"Lac, Plant Resins and Gums Statistics at a Glance 2013","author":"Yogi","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib68","unstructured":"Zauba Technologies & Data Services Pvt. Ltd., n.d. Search Import Export Data of India. [Online]Available at: https:\/\/www.zauba.com\/. (Accessed 19 august, 2015)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040_bib69","first-page":"409","article-title":"Study on determination methods and investigate on the commercial samples for Olibanum","volume":"Issue 5","author":"Zhong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. J. Mod. Appl. Pharm."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874117344896?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874117344896?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T13:02:00Z","timestamp":1604235720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874117344896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S0378874117344896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rising trade, declining stocks: The global gugul (Commiphora wightii) trade","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}